With a rapidly evolving shipping industry, and the prospect of autonomous vessels on the horizon,... more With a rapidly evolving shipping industry, and the prospect of autonomous vessels on the horizon, there is a critical need for a workforce equipped with updated skills. However, research indicates that current Maritime Education and Training (MET) falls short in meeting the dynamically evolving requirements of modern and future ship operations. Despite the existence of an international Convention dedicated to MET, marine accidents continue to occur, necessitating a comprehensive examination of the changing landscape of maritime education. MET is currently undergoing a transition to cope with and cater to future shipping requirements. Furthermore, the shipping industry has been known to be reactive and regulation has traditionally been backward looking, legislating for improvements after major disasters. However, the technological changes in Industry 4.0 are rapid and require proactiveness to deal with them. Following the completion of the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) regulatory scoping exercise, the MASS Code is currently under development. Against this background, this paper is timely; it draws upon ethnographic research on the MET process, and advocates for a holistic exploration of evolving MET through the lens of Activity System (AS) analysis. AS provides a theoretical framework to envisage, and comprehensively understand the interconnected components of the maritime higher education AS. This paves the way for a more effective and responsive approach to training the maritime workforce to overcome the challenges posed by Industry 4.0.
Maritime transportation is currently in a transitional period to an impending autonomous future. ... more Maritime transportation is currently in a transitional period to an impending autonomous future. To that end, novel technologies are increasingly being introduced on-board ships and their engine rooms. At the same time, advancements in digitalization and automation are progressively replacing and reducing the number of marine engineers on-board. Consequently, with increasing automation in machinery spaces and unmanned engine rooms, the role of the marine engineers has been altered to that of monitoring and oversight. The substantial changes in the nature of tools and job description of the marine engineers necessitate the re-assessment and revision of their training and pedagogy. Currently, the simulator is a powerful tool in the training and development of marine operators. Although the literature review reveals some interest in marine engineering simulation training, however, there is a lack of attention to remote and cloud-based simulation training as part of blended learning. Th...
Accelerating towards an autonomous future, the maritime transport industry is going through a pha... more Accelerating towards an autonomous future, the maritime transport industry is going through a phase of rapid digitalization and automation. Novel technologies and complex tools, that substitute human functions, are increasingly introduced on board modern ships. However, experiences from other industries show that introducing complex technologies in the workplace without due consideration of the human factors can often lead to disastrous consequences. Traditionally, seafarers developed their competencies through authentic participation in shipboard activities, under the guidance of experienced seniors. However, with digitalization, various tasks are getting internalized, leaving no clues about the inner workings to an onlooker, and this in turn, is adversely affecting their learning opportunities. Studies also show that in a technology-rich workplace, the limited number of human operators overseeing multiple, complex tasks, can cause job intensification, operator’s cognitive overload...
In the rather extended maritime domain, a term that should be the epicentre of any successful car... more In the rather extended maritime domain, a term that should be the epicentre of any successful careerbuilding path is tailor-made training via cutting-edge simulators. To cut a long story short, the breadth of operations on the various types of ships has expanded to such a large extent that extensive practical training drills are becoming a compelling need to contribute to competent seafarers. This type of training can guarantee the positive outcome in their decision-making process and help the seafarers often being under continuous pressure, to suitably respond to the various safety and security threats on-board a vessel. The several conventions and codes introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO)-including MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships), SOLAS (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea), but moreover ISPS Code (International Ship and Port Facility Security Code) and STCW (Standards of Training Certification and Watch-keeping) being probably the most well-known examples both within and outside the maritime community-posing and requesting significant performance demands on crews. Sophisticated simulation series that promote teamwork and cooperation are the tools urgently needed to maximize training efficacy. Handling safety situations under stress (emergency response), crisis management and reactions towards a security incident are important aspects of Maritime Education and Training (MET). The authors' approach to address those aspects utilizes enhanced simulation based team training. They argue that an effective way to gain experience and achieve corresponding skills, are practice runs on specially designed simulators that realistically represent complex conditions on-board vessels, following the respective prompts though realistic scenarios. The concept of a safety & security training simulator is introduced; the research work related to the implementation of a learning objective oriented development of simulation training scenarios and the pedagogic value added by simulation to MET are also discussed. A very important recommendation is that maritime training needs should not be regarded simply as a means to achieve regulatory compliance. The value imparted by simulation as a pedagogic tool to the maritime teaching and learning process is tremendous; adopting the learning objective oriented development of simulation training scenarios in order to effectively address pre-identified learning outcomes is the right methodology to nurture competent seafarers.
The maritime industry is still characterized by prescriptive standards and reactive approaches in... more The maritime industry is still characterized by prescriptive standards and reactive approaches in relation to safety and risk management to a large extent. For a very long time, responses to maritime accidents have been in terms of automation, regulation and training. While this as such is not wrong, it does not offer the full potential that concepts of resilience seem to suggest. The typical question that is predominately asked is still why things go wrong when accidents occur and search for causes and explanations is undertaken. An evaluation of the safety level achieved system and a focus on system components and characteristics that help the system to usually perform safe is typically not part of the investigation. This creates a need to review the current ideas about safety regulations and risk management in the maritime industry as they have probably reached a limit of what they were able to achieve. The concept of resilience engineering with its focus on system performance ra...
TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 2015
The EC funded CyClaDes research project is designed to promote the increased impact of the human ... more The EC funded CyClaDes research project is designed to promote the increased impact of the human element in shipping across the design and operational lifecycle of ships. It addresses the design and operation of ships and ship systems. One of the CyClaDes' tasks is to create a crew-centered design case-study examination of the information that is shared between the Bridge and Engine Control Room (ECR) that helps the crew coordinate to ensure understanding and complete interconnected tasks. This information can be provided in various ways, including communication devices or obtained from a common database, display, or even the ship environment (e.g., the roll of the ship). A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with seafarers of diverse ranks to get a better idea of what communication does, or should, take place and any problems or challenges existing in current operations and interdepartmental communications, as seen from both the bridge and ECR operators' perspectives. Included in the interview were both the standard communications and information shared during planning and executing a voyage, as well as special situations such as safety/casualty tasks or encountering heavy weather. The results were analyzed in terms of the goals of the communication, the primary situations of interest for communication and collaboration, the communication media used, the information shared, and the problems experienced. The seafarer interviews helped to explore on-board interdepartmental communication and the results are presented in the paper. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 9 Number 2
Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2015
ABSTRACT Emergency response, crew resource and crisis management are important aspects of Maritim... more ABSTRACT Emergency response, crew resource and crisis management are important aspects of Maritime Education and Training (MET). The authors of this paper approach these aspects, utilizing enhanced simulation based team training. The authors argue that an effective way to gain experience and achieve corresponding skills, are practice runs on specially designed simulators that realistically represent complex conditions on-board vessels, following emergency alerts. The paper introduces the concept of a safety and security training simulator and describes the research work related to the implementation of a learning objective oriented, development of simulation training scenarios and the pedagogic value added by simulation to MET. Results of a simulation case study are presented. A shorter version of this paper (Baldauf et al., 2012) was presented at the Vth International conference on Maritime Transport in Barcelona and has subsequently been reviewed and extended.
ABSTRACT The development of human factor- (HF) related regulations of the International Maritime ... more ABSTRACT The development of human factor- (HF) related regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has often been the result of responses to maritime accidents. The typical reaction to an accident has been a combination of (mainly technical) regulations, changing of procedures and training. Systemic evaluations and changes have rarely been done. Statements made by IMO in recent years claim a shift towards a proactive approach in maritime safety. Key documents, like the IMO Human Element vision, would confirm such statements. This article reviews documents submitted to IMO's Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) in order to evaluate the ‘mechanisms’ of decision-making and the priorities for setting the agenda in MSC regarding maritime human factors. The review confirms that the IMO work related to HF was reactive in the 1990s. There are a number of examples of more recent regulations that can be considered proactive. However, it is too early to fully confirm a proactive policy in the IMO rule-making process.
The Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) provides support to marine traffic in congested waters to ensure... more The Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) provides support to marine traffic in congested waters to ensure safe and smooth vessel movement in the waters under its purview. The VTS operators monitor the traffic with the decision support system at hand and talk to the ships on the Very High Frequency (VHF) radio. Safe channel navigation is proactively achieved by interaction and communication on the radio. Thus traffic management within the VTS domain is a complex joint activity, in which diverse stakeholders (bridge teams, VTS operators, pilots etc.) adopt one or more available communicative roles within technologically-mediated interactions to achieve safe and fluent traffic movement. This paper argues that the communicative achievement of channel navigation is a complex joint activity requiring the building up and active sustenance of common ground to promote teamwork and contribute to safe and efficient vessel movements. Monitoring common ground is integral to monitoring oceangoing traffic...
Shore based monitoring, communication, coordination and management of vessel traffic in ports wor... more Shore based monitoring, communication, coordination and management of vessel traffic in ports worldwide is a real world problem. Informed by ethnomethodological studies of work, this thesis explores the ordered in situ work of Vessel Traffic Service Operators (VTSOs); the coordination of vessel traffic; the fine grained artful performance and achievement of safe fairway navigation and the challenges faced by the VTS operators in the daily accomplishment of their institutional role. An important source of data in this ethnographic study is the naturally occurring interaction on the main working Very High Frequency (VHF) radio channel of the port, which helps explore institutional talk at work deployed to facilitate interaction, negotiation and the accomplishment of safe navigation. Three additional research techniques are utilised for data generation – observations, semi structured interviews and unstructured interviews. The case of a major Indian world port is utilised to explore th...
The analytical framework of the Technique for the Retrospective and predictive Analysis of Cognit... more The analytical framework of the Technique for the Retrospective and predictive Analysis of Cognitive Errors (TRACEr) was developed with a specific focus on Air Traffic Control as a retrospective in ...
Since 2003, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has emphasised the need to address and ... more Since 2003, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has emphasised the need to address and integrate ergonomics knowledge in a concerted manner. However, there is little guidance on the application of this knowledge in the design of merchant vessels. Utilizing a mixed methods approach, the paper identifies the need for crew-centered design (CCD), highlighting the importance of using concepts derived from Human-Centred Design (HCD) to be able to design work spaces and operational procedures that facilitate the work of the crew on board. Drawing upon results obtained from accident analysis (utilising the Technique for the Retrospective and predictive Analysis of Cognitive Errors TRACEr) and 24 semi-structured interviews, this paper identifies areas in which it could be potentially beneficial to integrate end-users in the design of ships and shipborne operations. This paper further discusses why and how concepts rooted in HCD could be used to improve maritime workspace and interf...
is a Technical Officer at WMU. His work focuses on regulatory compliance and enforcement of inter... more is a Technical Officer at WMU. His work focuses on regulatory compliance and enforcement of international legislation with a specific focus on IMO and EU Maritime and Environmental Policy. Gesa Praetorius and Aditi Kataria are former members of the Maritime Risk and System Safety (MaRiSa) Group at WMU and have worked in this capacity on this guidebook as part of their involvement in the EU sponsored project CyClaDes-a project focussing on user centred design in the maritime sector. The authors of this guidebook wish to acknowledge the work and effort of former group member Sarah Hofmann on an earlier version of the book and of current group member Raza Mehdi, who designed the graphs in this guidebook.
Communications in Cybernetics, Systems Science and Engineering, 2016
All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be repro... more All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publishers. Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein.
In the rather extended maritime domain, a term that should be the epicenter of any successful car... more In the rather extended maritime domain, a term that should be the epicenter of any successful career-building path is tailor-made training via cutting-edge simulators. To cut a long story short, the breadth of operations on the various types of ships has expanded to such a large extent that extensive practical training drills are becoming a compelling need to contribute to competent seafarers. This type of training can guarantee the positive outcome in their decision-making process and help the seafarers often being under continuous pressure, to suitably respond to the various safety and security threats on-board a vessel. The several conventions and codes introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) – including MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships), SOLAS (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea), but moreover ISPS Code (International Ship and Port Facility Security Code) and STCW (Standards of Training Certificat...
Akin to driverless cars poised to take over city roads, there is an increasing trend in the shipp... more Akin to driverless cars poised to take over city roads, there is an increasing trend in the shipping industry towards autonomous ship operations slated to commence in 2019. Newbuild merchant ships are in for an overhaul with the introduction of novel technologies on the anvil, such as, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence, novel power and propulsion systems, wireless monitoring and the ilk. Not only does this trend seek to revolutionise the workplace(s) but also the training requirements for the attendant maritime workforce, among others. The dynamically evolving character of future vessels in shipping necessitates a reimagining of marine engineering education and training. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has identified 4 degrees of ship automation with respect to Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) ranging from onboard automated processes and decision support aiding seafarers to a completely autonomous ship capable of independent decision making and action...
With a rapidly evolving shipping industry, and the prospect of autonomous vessels on the horizon,... more With a rapidly evolving shipping industry, and the prospect of autonomous vessels on the horizon, there is a critical need for a workforce equipped with updated skills. However, research indicates that current Maritime Education and Training (MET) falls short in meeting the dynamically evolving requirements of modern and future ship operations. Despite the existence of an international Convention dedicated to MET, marine accidents continue to occur, necessitating a comprehensive examination of the changing landscape of maritime education. MET is currently undergoing a transition to cope with and cater to future shipping requirements. Furthermore, the shipping industry has been known to be reactive and regulation has traditionally been backward looking, legislating for improvements after major disasters. However, the technological changes in Industry 4.0 are rapid and require proactiveness to deal with them. Following the completion of the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) regulatory scoping exercise, the MASS Code is currently under development. Against this background, this paper is timely; it draws upon ethnographic research on the MET process, and advocates for a holistic exploration of evolving MET through the lens of Activity System (AS) analysis. AS provides a theoretical framework to envisage, and comprehensively understand the interconnected components of the maritime higher education AS. This paves the way for a more effective and responsive approach to training the maritime workforce to overcome the challenges posed by Industry 4.0.
Maritime transportation is currently in a transitional period to an impending autonomous future. ... more Maritime transportation is currently in a transitional period to an impending autonomous future. To that end, novel technologies are increasingly being introduced on-board ships and their engine rooms. At the same time, advancements in digitalization and automation are progressively replacing and reducing the number of marine engineers on-board. Consequently, with increasing automation in machinery spaces and unmanned engine rooms, the role of the marine engineers has been altered to that of monitoring and oversight. The substantial changes in the nature of tools and job description of the marine engineers necessitate the re-assessment and revision of their training and pedagogy. Currently, the simulator is a powerful tool in the training and development of marine operators. Although the literature review reveals some interest in marine engineering simulation training, however, there is a lack of attention to remote and cloud-based simulation training as part of blended learning. Th...
Accelerating towards an autonomous future, the maritime transport industry is going through a pha... more Accelerating towards an autonomous future, the maritime transport industry is going through a phase of rapid digitalization and automation. Novel technologies and complex tools, that substitute human functions, are increasingly introduced on board modern ships. However, experiences from other industries show that introducing complex technologies in the workplace without due consideration of the human factors can often lead to disastrous consequences. Traditionally, seafarers developed their competencies through authentic participation in shipboard activities, under the guidance of experienced seniors. However, with digitalization, various tasks are getting internalized, leaving no clues about the inner workings to an onlooker, and this in turn, is adversely affecting their learning opportunities. Studies also show that in a technology-rich workplace, the limited number of human operators overseeing multiple, complex tasks, can cause job intensification, operator’s cognitive overload...
In the rather extended maritime domain, a term that should be the epicentre of any successful car... more In the rather extended maritime domain, a term that should be the epicentre of any successful careerbuilding path is tailor-made training via cutting-edge simulators. To cut a long story short, the breadth of operations on the various types of ships has expanded to such a large extent that extensive practical training drills are becoming a compelling need to contribute to competent seafarers. This type of training can guarantee the positive outcome in their decision-making process and help the seafarers often being under continuous pressure, to suitably respond to the various safety and security threats on-board a vessel. The several conventions and codes introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO)-including MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships), SOLAS (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea), but moreover ISPS Code (International Ship and Port Facility Security Code) and STCW (Standards of Training Certification and Watch-keeping) being probably the most well-known examples both within and outside the maritime community-posing and requesting significant performance demands on crews. Sophisticated simulation series that promote teamwork and cooperation are the tools urgently needed to maximize training efficacy. Handling safety situations under stress (emergency response), crisis management and reactions towards a security incident are important aspects of Maritime Education and Training (MET). The authors' approach to address those aspects utilizes enhanced simulation based team training. They argue that an effective way to gain experience and achieve corresponding skills, are practice runs on specially designed simulators that realistically represent complex conditions on-board vessels, following the respective prompts though realistic scenarios. The concept of a safety & security training simulator is introduced; the research work related to the implementation of a learning objective oriented development of simulation training scenarios and the pedagogic value added by simulation to MET are also discussed. A very important recommendation is that maritime training needs should not be regarded simply as a means to achieve regulatory compliance. The value imparted by simulation as a pedagogic tool to the maritime teaching and learning process is tremendous; adopting the learning objective oriented development of simulation training scenarios in order to effectively address pre-identified learning outcomes is the right methodology to nurture competent seafarers.
The maritime industry is still characterized by prescriptive standards and reactive approaches in... more The maritime industry is still characterized by prescriptive standards and reactive approaches in relation to safety and risk management to a large extent. For a very long time, responses to maritime accidents have been in terms of automation, regulation and training. While this as such is not wrong, it does not offer the full potential that concepts of resilience seem to suggest. The typical question that is predominately asked is still why things go wrong when accidents occur and search for causes and explanations is undertaken. An evaluation of the safety level achieved system and a focus on system components and characteristics that help the system to usually perform safe is typically not part of the investigation. This creates a need to review the current ideas about safety regulations and risk management in the maritime industry as they have probably reached a limit of what they were able to achieve. The concept of resilience engineering with its focus on system performance ra...
TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 2015
The EC funded CyClaDes research project is designed to promote the increased impact of the human ... more The EC funded CyClaDes research project is designed to promote the increased impact of the human element in shipping across the design and operational lifecycle of ships. It addresses the design and operation of ships and ship systems. One of the CyClaDes' tasks is to create a crew-centered design case-study examination of the information that is shared between the Bridge and Engine Control Room (ECR) that helps the crew coordinate to ensure understanding and complete interconnected tasks. This information can be provided in various ways, including communication devices or obtained from a common database, display, or even the ship environment (e.g., the roll of the ship). A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with seafarers of diverse ranks to get a better idea of what communication does, or should, take place and any problems or challenges existing in current operations and interdepartmental communications, as seen from both the bridge and ECR operators' perspectives. Included in the interview were both the standard communications and information shared during planning and executing a voyage, as well as special situations such as safety/casualty tasks or encountering heavy weather. The results were analyzed in terms of the goals of the communication, the primary situations of interest for communication and collaboration, the communication media used, the information shared, and the problems experienced. The seafarer interviews helped to explore on-board interdepartmental communication and the results are presented in the paper. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 9 Number 2
Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2015
ABSTRACT Emergency response, crew resource and crisis management are important aspects of Maritim... more ABSTRACT Emergency response, crew resource and crisis management are important aspects of Maritime Education and Training (MET). The authors of this paper approach these aspects, utilizing enhanced simulation based team training. The authors argue that an effective way to gain experience and achieve corresponding skills, are practice runs on specially designed simulators that realistically represent complex conditions on-board vessels, following emergency alerts. The paper introduces the concept of a safety and security training simulator and describes the research work related to the implementation of a learning objective oriented, development of simulation training scenarios and the pedagogic value added by simulation to MET. Results of a simulation case study are presented. A shorter version of this paper (Baldauf et al., 2012) was presented at the Vth International conference on Maritime Transport in Barcelona and has subsequently been reviewed and extended.
ABSTRACT The development of human factor- (HF) related regulations of the International Maritime ... more ABSTRACT The development of human factor- (HF) related regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has often been the result of responses to maritime accidents. The typical reaction to an accident has been a combination of (mainly technical) regulations, changing of procedures and training. Systemic evaluations and changes have rarely been done. Statements made by IMO in recent years claim a shift towards a proactive approach in maritime safety. Key documents, like the IMO Human Element vision, would confirm such statements. This article reviews documents submitted to IMO's Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) in order to evaluate the ‘mechanisms’ of decision-making and the priorities for setting the agenda in MSC regarding maritime human factors. The review confirms that the IMO work related to HF was reactive in the 1990s. There are a number of examples of more recent regulations that can be considered proactive. However, it is too early to fully confirm a proactive policy in the IMO rule-making process.
The Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) provides support to marine traffic in congested waters to ensure... more The Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) provides support to marine traffic in congested waters to ensure safe and smooth vessel movement in the waters under its purview. The VTS operators monitor the traffic with the decision support system at hand and talk to the ships on the Very High Frequency (VHF) radio. Safe channel navigation is proactively achieved by interaction and communication on the radio. Thus traffic management within the VTS domain is a complex joint activity, in which diverse stakeholders (bridge teams, VTS operators, pilots etc.) adopt one or more available communicative roles within technologically-mediated interactions to achieve safe and fluent traffic movement. This paper argues that the communicative achievement of channel navigation is a complex joint activity requiring the building up and active sustenance of common ground to promote teamwork and contribute to safe and efficient vessel movements. Monitoring common ground is integral to monitoring oceangoing traffic...
Shore based monitoring, communication, coordination and management of vessel traffic in ports wor... more Shore based monitoring, communication, coordination and management of vessel traffic in ports worldwide is a real world problem. Informed by ethnomethodological studies of work, this thesis explores the ordered in situ work of Vessel Traffic Service Operators (VTSOs); the coordination of vessel traffic; the fine grained artful performance and achievement of safe fairway navigation and the challenges faced by the VTS operators in the daily accomplishment of their institutional role. An important source of data in this ethnographic study is the naturally occurring interaction on the main working Very High Frequency (VHF) radio channel of the port, which helps explore institutional talk at work deployed to facilitate interaction, negotiation and the accomplishment of safe navigation. Three additional research techniques are utilised for data generation – observations, semi structured interviews and unstructured interviews. The case of a major Indian world port is utilised to explore th...
The analytical framework of the Technique for the Retrospective and predictive Analysis of Cognit... more The analytical framework of the Technique for the Retrospective and predictive Analysis of Cognitive Errors (TRACEr) was developed with a specific focus on Air Traffic Control as a retrospective in ...
Since 2003, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has emphasised the need to address and ... more Since 2003, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has emphasised the need to address and integrate ergonomics knowledge in a concerted manner. However, there is little guidance on the application of this knowledge in the design of merchant vessels. Utilizing a mixed methods approach, the paper identifies the need for crew-centered design (CCD), highlighting the importance of using concepts derived from Human-Centred Design (HCD) to be able to design work spaces and operational procedures that facilitate the work of the crew on board. Drawing upon results obtained from accident analysis (utilising the Technique for the Retrospective and predictive Analysis of Cognitive Errors TRACEr) and 24 semi-structured interviews, this paper identifies areas in which it could be potentially beneficial to integrate end-users in the design of ships and shipborne operations. This paper further discusses why and how concepts rooted in HCD could be used to improve maritime workspace and interf...
is a Technical Officer at WMU. His work focuses on regulatory compliance and enforcement of inter... more is a Technical Officer at WMU. His work focuses on regulatory compliance and enforcement of international legislation with a specific focus on IMO and EU Maritime and Environmental Policy. Gesa Praetorius and Aditi Kataria are former members of the Maritime Risk and System Safety (MaRiSa) Group at WMU and have worked in this capacity on this guidebook as part of their involvement in the EU sponsored project CyClaDes-a project focussing on user centred design in the maritime sector. The authors of this guidebook wish to acknowledge the work and effort of former group member Sarah Hofmann on an earlier version of the book and of current group member Raza Mehdi, who designed the graphs in this guidebook.
Communications in Cybernetics, Systems Science and Engineering, 2016
All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be repro... more All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publishers. Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein.
In the rather extended maritime domain, a term that should be the epicenter of any successful car... more In the rather extended maritime domain, a term that should be the epicenter of any successful career-building path is tailor-made training via cutting-edge simulators. To cut a long story short, the breadth of operations on the various types of ships has expanded to such a large extent that extensive practical training drills are becoming a compelling need to contribute to competent seafarers. This type of training can guarantee the positive outcome in their decision-making process and help the seafarers often being under continuous pressure, to suitably respond to the various safety and security threats on-board a vessel. The several conventions and codes introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) – including MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships), SOLAS (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea), but moreover ISPS Code (International Ship and Port Facility Security Code) and STCW (Standards of Training Certificat...
Akin to driverless cars poised to take over city roads, there is an increasing trend in the shipp... more Akin to driverless cars poised to take over city roads, there is an increasing trend in the shipping industry towards autonomous ship operations slated to commence in 2019. Newbuild merchant ships are in for an overhaul with the introduction of novel technologies on the anvil, such as, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence, novel power and propulsion systems, wireless monitoring and the ilk. Not only does this trend seek to revolutionise the workplace(s) but also the training requirements for the attendant maritime workforce, among others. The dynamically evolving character of future vessels in shipping necessitates a reimagining of marine engineering education and training. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has identified 4 degrees of ship automation with respect to Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) ranging from onboard automated processes and decision support aiding seafarers to a completely autonomous ship capable of independent decision making and action...
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