Books by Catherine Gibson
Geographies of Nationhood examines the meteoric rise of ethnographic mapmaking in the nineteenth ... more Geographies of Nationhood examines the meteoric rise of ethnographic mapmaking in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a form of visual and material culture that gave expression to territorialised visions of nationhood. In the Russian Empire's Baltic provinces, the development of ethnographic cartography, as part of the broader field of statistical data visualisation, progressively became a tool that lent legitimacy and an experiential dimension to nationalist arguments, as well as a wide range of alternative spatial configurations that rendered the inhabitants of the Baltic as part of local, imperial, and global geographies. Catherine Gibson argues that map production and the spread of cartographic literacy as a mass phenomenon in Baltic society transformed how people made sense of linguistic, ethnic, and religious similarities and differences by imbuing them with an alleged scientific objectivity that was later used to determine the political structuring of the Baltic region and beyond. Geographies of Nationhood treads new ground by expanding the focus beyond elites to include a diverse range of mapmakers, such as local bureaucrats, commercial enterprises, clergymen, family members, teachers, and landowners. It shifts the focus from imperial learned and military institutions to examine the proliferation of mapmaking across diverse sites in the Empire, including the provincial administration, local learned societies, private homes, and schools. Understanding ethnographic maps in the social context of their production, circulation, consumption, and reception is crucial for assessing their impact as powerful shapers of popular geographical conceptions of nationhood, state-building, and border-drawing.
This book analyzes the creation of languages across the Slavophone areas of the world and their d... more This book analyzes the creation of languages across the Slavophone areas of the world and their deployment for political projects and identity building, mainly after 1989. It offers perspectives from a number of disciplines such as sociolinguistics, socio-political history and language policy.
About the Authors:
Tomasz Kamusella is Reader in Modern History at the University of St Andrews, Scotland. His monographs include Silesia and Central European Nationalisms: The Emergence of National and Ethnic Groups in Prussian Silesia and Austrian Silesia, 1848–1918 (2007) and The Politics of Language and Nationalisms in Modern Central Europe (2009).
Motoki Nomachi is Associate Professor in the Slavic-Eurasian Research Center at Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. He wrote and edited The Grammar of Possessivity in South Slavic: Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives (2011), Slavia Islamica: Language, Religion and Identity (2011, with Robert Greenberg) and Grammaticalization and Lexicalization in the Slavic Languages (2014, with Andrii Danylenko and Predrag Piper).
Catherine Gibson is currently completing an Erasmus International MA at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, United Kingdom, and the University of Tartu, Estonia. Her research focuses on transnational history and ethnolinguistic nationalism in the Baltic states.
Contributors to this volume include:
Andrej Beke , University of Tsukuba, Japan Wayles Browne, Cornell University, USA Andrii Danylenko, Pace University, USA István Fried, University of Szeged, Hungary Catherine Gibson, University College London, UK Robert Greenberg, Hunter College of the City University of New York, USA Brian D. Joseph, The Ohio State University, USA Tomasz Kamusella, University of St Andrews, UK Keith Langston, University of Georgia, USA Jouko Lindstedt, University of Helsinki, Finland Paul Robert Magocsi, University of Toronto, Canada Roland Marti, University of the Saarland, Germany Elena Marushiakova, Independent Scholar Vesselin Popov, Independent Scholar Alexander Maxwell, Victoria University in Wellington, New Zealand Michael A. Moser,University of Vienna, Austria Motoki Nomachi, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Anna Novikov-Almagor, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Anita Peti-Stanti?, University of Zagreb, Croatia Irina Sedakova, Institute for Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Sarah Smyth, Independent Scholar Dieter Stern, Ghent University, Belgium Klaus Steinke, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany Paul Wexler, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
First of all, the volume's co-editors, Tomasz Kamusella, Motoki Nomachi, and Catherine Gibson, wi... more First of all, the volume's co-editors, Tomasz Kamusella, Motoki Nomachi, and Catherine Gibson, wish to thank the Slavic-Eurasian Research Center at Hokkaido University for making this volume possible. We hope that it may facilitate the completion of Atlas of Language Politics in Modern Central Europe and significantly add to the scholarly and cartographic quality and accurateness of this work-in-progress. We also extend a word of our gratitude to the volume's other contributors, whose commentary essays on the Atlas help us see the project's strengths and weaknesses, so that we could build on the former and ameliorate the latter. The project, Atlas of Language Politics in Modern Central Europe, as conceived and initially conducted by Tomasz Kamusella
This book offers innovative perspectives on the intersections between history and memory in Centr... more This book offers innovative perspectives on the intersections between history and memory in Central and Eastern European borderlands. It focuses on the case of Latgale, the multicultural region of eastern Latvia which borders Russia, Belarus and Lithuania, and explores the multiple layers of memories and historical narratives about this borderland in Latvian public history. Based on a detailed analysis of national and regional museums, as well as material from interviews and an expert survey, the study examines how different actors and projects negotiate the borderland’s complex history and attempt to shape it into meaningful narratives in the present. Moving beyond binary ethnolinguistic approaches of “Latvian” versus “Russian” interpretations of the past, a more nuanced analytical framework is developed that compares state-level constructions of national master-narratives, the uses of history for local region-building, the persistence of Soviet official narratives, and transnational initiatives aimed at transcending the conceptual borders of the nation-state. The reader will find this to be a fascinating study into the little-known case of Latgale and a valuable contribution to the broader research fields of memory politics and borderlands in the post-Soviet space.
Catherine Gibson is a doctoral researcher at the European University Institute, Florence. She obtained her Masters from the School of Slavonic and East European Studies at University College London and the University of Tartu in 2015. Besides memory politics, her research interests include borders and borderlands, language politics, and transnational and spatial approaches to the history of the north-west Russian Empire and Baltic states.
Articles by Catherine Gibson
Journal of Modern European History, 2023
Borders are key sites for the amplification of emotions, yet historians have rarely made emotions... more Borders are key sites for the amplification of emotions, yet historians have rarely made emotions into a focal point for studies of boundary-making processes. This article sets out fragmentary evidence for how to read across a fuller array of sources that move us beyond technocratic understandings of boundary commissions to highlight the range of emotional interactions which occurred between boundary commissioners and local populations. It draws on evidence from the Estonian-Latvian Boundary Commission, established in the summer of 1919 to demarcate the international border between the newly independent states of Estonia and Latvia. Petitions sent to the Boundary Commission by the border region inhabitants expressed fear, trepidation or anger about the border proposal and professed feelings of patriotic loyalty to the Estonian or Latvian state. The press derided the Boundary Commission, using humour to convey frustration and shock at the absurdity of the border proposal and tarnish the reputation of the commissioners by portraying them as hotheaded. The accumulating emotional toll of these public sentiments left the boundary commissioners feeling weary and disheartened. By attuning to moods and sentiments surrounding the work of the Estonian-Latvian Boundary Commission, this exploratory article calls for historians to consider emotions methodologically as part of a broader toolkit of approaches for studying histories of boundary-making and to reflect on the insights such perspectives can bring to the field.
Ab Imperio, 2022
SUMMARY:
This is the introduction to the thematic forum "Confession, Loyalty, and National Indiff... more SUMMARY:
This is the introduction to the thematic forum "Confession, Loyalty, and National Indifference," which includes five articles that address the problem of emerging collective identity through the entanglement of complementing and conflicting forms of groupness: religious, political, and ethnic. The introductory essay conceptually frames these studies in terms of national indifference and confessional ambiguity, underscoring the role of religious collective identities in forging other forms of groupness–ethnocultural and political.
Резюме:
Эссе представляет собой введение в форум "Вероисповедание, лояльность и национальная индифферентность". Форум объединяет пять статей, посвященных проблеме формирующейся коллективной идентичности через переплетение взаимодополняющих и конфликтующих форм группности: религиозной, политической и этнической. Вводное эссе концептуализирует включенные в форум исследования в терминах национальной индифферентности и конфессиональной неопределенности, подчеркивая роль религиозной коллективной идентичности в формировании других форм группности–этнокультурной и политической.
Past & Present, 2022
There has been a rich body of scholarship in recent years that challenges the accepted idea of th... more There has been a rich body of scholarship in recent years that challenges the accepted idea of the spread of nationalist thinking in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by highlighting the flexible, ambiguous, opportunistic or instrumental ways in which the inhabitants of central and eastern Europe engaged with ideas about nationhood. However, so far these discussions of ‘national indifference’ have not extensively examined the crossovers with flexible and ambivalent attitudes and actions regarding matters of religion, such as oscillating religious commitment, hybrid forms of religiosity and conversion. This article examines cases of conversion and reconversion (apostasy) between Lutheranism and Orthodoxy in the Baltic provinces of the Russian empire in the second half of the nineteenth century, in order to deepen our understanding of how institutionally determined forms of religious ascription often became blurred at the level of everyday activities as people exercised choice over matters of faith for various personal, social and economic reasons. By extending the concept of national indifference through an examination of religious indifference, the cases under consideration elucidate how confession became entangled with ideas about national and imperial belonging in the late nineteenth century.
Journal of Social History, 2022
During the second half of the nineteenth century, statistics attracted significant attention from... more During the second half of the nineteenth century, statistics attracted significant attention from government officials and educated elites as a method of quantifying socioeconomic change and rendering human and natural resources visible through data. However, we still know little about how local communities responded to changing methods of gathering statistical data during the gradual shift away from forms of enumeration based on legal estates and households toward modern methods of individual enumeration by census. Rarely do we approach the history of censuses from the perspective of the census subjects to consider the experiences of those being counted. This article analyzes interactions between census organizers and local populations in the three Russian imperial Baltic provinces (Estland, Livland, and Kurland) in the second half of the nineteenth century. As a form of administrative intervention, censuses opened up a space for local populations to articulate opinions and question the overlapping layers of authority within the empire between local elites, the provincial administration, and tsarist government. Examining the history of censuses from the perspective of local communities in the Russian Empire demonstrates how attitudes and resistance to censuses were closely tied to particular local issues and concerns. The Baltic case study adds nuance to existing discussions on forms of census resistance by broadening the focus beyond identity politics and conflict over forms of confessional, linguistic, and national classification. Instead, census subjects in the Baltic voiced concerns about how the local authorities might use individual enumeration as a form of administrative surveillance and social control.
Quaestio Rossica, 2021
In the mid-nineteenth century, the development of ethnographic cartography was mostly driven by i... more In the mid-nineteenth century, the development of ethnographic cartography was mostly driven by issues related to the classification and territorial distribution of ethnic groups. However, in the course of this work, cartographers, ethnographers, and statisticians faced economic and material challenges, which have often been overlooked in the scholarship. This article examines the ‘mapping processes’ (М. Edney) of the 1840s through an analysis of correspondence between Peter von Köppen and the Imperial St Petersburg Academy of Sciences about the preparation of the Ethnographic Atlas of European Russia (1848), one of the first ethnographic maps published in the Russian Empire. These sources held in the St Petersburg branch of the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences are published here for the first time and provide detailed information about the circumstances behind the preparation of the atlas. The academy only published a short summary of these discussions, which omitted key financial and methodological details. The correspondence thus provides an alternative perspective on the history of cartography, revealing the difficulties of everyday scientific activity behind the scenes. The exchange vividly describes the relationship between the Academy of Sciences and the Russian Geographical Society during its early years, Köppen’s struggle to finance his various cartographic projects, and the material processes of producing an ethnographic map. The article focuses on how Köppen balanced his scientific vision with his limited material and practical circumstances and the goals of the various scientific organisations he was involved in.
Keywords: cartography, ethnographic map, Peter von Köppen, Academy of Sciences, Russian Geographical Society, history of science
В середине XIX в. основными для развития этнографической карто- графии были вопросы классификации и территориального распре- деления этнических групп. В ходе работы картографaм, этнографaм и статистикaм приходилось сталкиваться с серьезными материальными и техническими проблемами, которые до сих пор не становились объек- тами исследования. В настоящей статье «процесс картографирования» (М. Edney) в 1840-е гг. рассматривается на материале переписки между Петром Кёппеном и Императорской Санкт-Петербургской академией наук о подготовке этнографического атласа Европейской России (1848). Публикуемые впервые источники хранятся в Санкт-Петербургском фи- лиале Архива Российской академии наук, в личном фонде Петра Кёппе- на. Они заключают в себе подробную информацию об обстоятельствах создания атласа, который был одной из первых этнографических карт, изданных в Российской империи. Академия опубликовала лишь краткие резюме обсуждения их создания, отредактированные и не включающие важную финансовую и методическую информацию. Письма Кёппена задают новую перспективу в истории российской картографии и рас- крывают трудности, с которыми сталкивались ученые в своей работе. Переписка ярко характеризует отношения между Петербургской акаде- мией наук и Русским географическим обществом, их взгляд на вопросы картографии в ранние годы, борьбу Кёппена за финансирование его кар- тографических проектов и материальные аспекты подготовки этногра- фической карты. Особенное внимание в статье уделено тому, как Кёппен пытался вписать свои планы в ограниченные обстоятельствами рамки и согласовать свои научные интересы с целями научных организаций, с которыми сотрудничал.
Ключевые слова: картография, этнографическая карта, Петр Кёппен, Ака- демия наук, Русское географическое общество, история науки
Journal of Historical Geography, 2020
The history of cartography in the nineteenth-century Russian Empire has been dominated by account... more The history of cartography in the nineteenth-century Russian Empire has been dominated by accounts of the military, academic establishments and elite male intellectuals. This article seeks to provide a corrective to this tendency by highlighting the involvement of women in cartography in the home and print workshops. Drawing on previously unexamined archival sources, the article traces the role of women in the process of making the Ethnological-Geographical Atlas of Present and Prehistoric Latvia (1892), from Martha Bielenstein’s drawing of the manuscript maps in the Bielenstein family home in the Baltic provinces to the female print workers at A. Il’in’s Cartographic Establishment in St. Petersburg. The article builds on recent research on women and cartography to argue that mapmaking was a far more widespread socioeconomic activity in imperial Russia than previously thought and permeated family and working lives. The research findings contribute to our knowledge of the impact of traditional gender roles on cartographic labour and geographies of map production in late imperial Russia.
Nationalities Papers, 2018
This article explores the role of maps in the construction and development of ethnographic taxono... more This article explores the role of maps in the construction and development of ethnographic taxonomies in the mid-century Russian Empire. A close reading of two ethnographic maps of “European Russia” produced by members of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, Petr Keppen (1851) and Aleksander Rittikh (1875), is used to shine a spotlight on the cartographical methods and techniques (lines, shading, color, hatching, legends, text, etc.) employed to depict, construct, and communicate these taxonomies. In doing so, this article draws our attention to how maps impacted visual and spatial thinking about the categories of ethnicity and nationality, and their application to specific contexts and political purposes within the Empire. Through an examination of Keppen’s and Rittikh’s maps, this article addresses the broader question of why cartography came to be regarded as such a powerful medium through which to communicate and consolidate particular visions of an ethnographic landscape.
Via Latgalica, 2014
While there has been increasing interest in the history of border regions in recent years, this h... more While there has been increasing interest in the history of border regions in recent years, this has not been accompanied by a growing discussion of theoretical or methodological considerations. Using the case study of Latgalia, this paper aims to shed light on some of the conceptual and practical methodological considerations and challenges inherent in writing the history of border regions. The author argues that the study of the history of border regions necessitates a decentring of national history and a move to transnational (or non/a-nationally construed) history.
Tropos, 2014
Language formed the ideological foundation of many national movements in Central and Eastern Euro... more Language formed the ideological foundation of many national movements in Central and Eastern Europe during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The decision on whether a people spoke a language or a dialect was not based on arguments about linguistic proximity or distance, but rather on political definitions of who constituted the ethno-linguistic nation. This led to languages being combined or split in accordance with nation-building projects. Often overlooked is the impact of this politicisation of language on sub-national and regional dialects, which are today not accorded the status of languages. This paper focuses on the case study of Latgalian, which is used as a means of everyday communication by 150,000-200,000 people in eastern Latvia. It is officially classified as a ‘historical variety’ and ‘dialect’ of Latvian, but linguists have made the case for it being a separate language. The debate over the distance and proximity of languages/dialects is especially pronounced in this ‘peripheral’ (from the perspective of Riga) and highly multi-ethnic region that borders Belarus, Lithuania, and Russia.
Sprawy Narodowościowe/Nationality Affairs, 2013
Latgale, the southeast region of Latvia, has a distinct ethnoregional identity largely due to the... more Latgale, the southeast region of Latvia, has a distinct ethnoregional identity largely due to the widespread use of the Latgalian language/dialect. The status of Latgalian as a language/dialect is highly politicised in Latvia today, yet this is not only a twenty-first century phenomenon. Since its inception as a written language in the mid-eighteenth century, the development of written Latgalian has been strongly influenced by politics and nationalism. This is an exploratory paper, which traces the impact of politics and nationalism on the development of written Latgalian throughout the long nineteenth century, a period in which the region was administered by three political regimes (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Russian Empire, First Republic of Latvia). Transnational perspectives are used to contextualise the development of written Latgalian with the development of other written languages in the vicinity (Belarusian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Samogitian), and to open up the field for further comparative studies on the development of non-national written languages/dialects. Latgale is a borderland region often neglected in mainstream Latvian scholarship, and, by extension, even more so outside Latvia. This paper hopes to go some way to rectifying this. //
Gramota: wpływ polityki i nacjonalizmu na rozwój łatgalskiego języka literackiego w długim wieku XIX (1772–1918)
Łatgalię, południowo-wschodni region Łotwy, cechuje odrębna tożsamość etniczno-regionalna, przede wszystkim z racji powszechnego na tym terenie używania języka/dialektu łatgalskiego. Status łatgalskiego jako języka/dialektu stanowi w dzisiejszej Litwie w dużej mierze kwestię o wymiarze politycznym, aczkolwiek nie jest to zjawisko, które pojawiło się dopiero w XX stuleciu. Łatgalski już od czasu swych narodzin jako język literacki w połowie XVIII wieku pozostawał pod silną presją polityki oraz nacjonalizmów. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu prześledzenie oddziaływania polityki i nacjonalizmu na kształtowanie się literackiej odmiany języka łatgalskiego w ciągu „długiego wieku XIX” – okresu, w którym region ten podlegał administracji rządowej sprawowanej przez trzy systemy polityczne (Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów, Imperium Rosyjskie, Pierwsza Republika Litewska). Spojrzenie na omawiane zagadnienie z perspektywy ponadnarodowej pozwala stworzyć kontekst rozwoju łatgalskiego języka literackiego w odniesieniu do innych języków literackich formujących się w bliskim jego sąsiedztwie (białoruskiego, łotewskiego, litewskiego i semigalskiego), jak też otworzyć pole dla kolejnych studiów porównawczych nad kształtowaniem się nienarodowych języków/dialektów literackich. Łatgalia stanowi region pograniczny, zwykle zaniedbywany przez główny nurt nauki łotewskiej, a tym bardziej w dociekaniach naukowych poza granicami Łotwy. Niniejszy artykuł ma za zadanie choć w pewnej mierze stan ten naprawić.
Latgale; politics of language; regional identity; nationalism; transnational history
Book Chapters by Catherine Gibson
Defining Latvia: Recent Explorations in History, Culture, and Politics, 2022
Atlas of Language Politics in Modern Central Europe: A Conceptual Framework, 2017
First of all, the volume's co-editors, Tomasz Kamusella, Motoki Nomachi, and Catherine Gibson, wi... more First of all, the volume's co-editors, Tomasz Kamusella, Motoki Nomachi, and Catherine Gibson, wish to thank the Slavic-Eurasian Research Center at Hokkaido University for making this volume possible. We hope that it may facilitate the completion of Atlas of Language Politics in Modern Central Europe and significantly add to the scholarly and cartographic quality and accurateness of this work-in-progress. We also extend a word of our gratitude to the volume's other contributors, whose commentary essays on the Atlas help us see the project's strengths and weaknesses, so that we could build on the former and ameliorate the latter. The project, Atlas of Language Politics in Modern Central Europe, as conceived and initially conducted by Tomasz Kamusella
Language Policy Beyond the State, 2017
The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages, Identities and Borders, 2016
The region of Latgalia in present-day eastern Latvia is situated at the confluence between the Ba... more The region of Latgalia in present-day eastern Latvia is situated at the confluence between the Baltic and Slavic dialectal continuums, as well as the eastern and western extremes of the northern Slavic dialectal continuum (Russian, Belarusian, and Polish). This area was ruled by Poland-Lithuania from 1569–1772 as Polish Livonia (Inflanty), and speech communities of two of the Commonwealth’s languages – Polish and Ruthenian (later known as Belarusian) – have survived to this day, despite the spread of the Russian language in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This chapter presents an historical account of language mixing and the mutual penetration of Slavic ethnolects in Latgalia, and Balto-Slavic language contacts with regard to the Latgalian language/Latvian dialect.
Book Reviews by Catherine Gibson
Ever since Pierre Nora's work in the 1980s on lieux de mémoire, research on the relationship betw... more Ever since Pierre Nora's work in the 1980s on lieux de mémoire, research on the relationship between history and memory has grappled with changing perceptions, constructions, and representations of space. 1 Questions of how people attach meanings to their surroundings, how collective identities crystallize around particular places and sites, and why particular locations come to be associated with specific values, emotions, and morals, have all featured prominently in recent research. Scholars of Central and Eastern Europe have actively engaged with this so-called "spatial turn" as a means of studying the ways in which changing borders and geopolitical regimes over the last two hundred years have shaped the region's mnemonic landscape. Cities have often been at the focal point of this research, as sites of diverse and sometimes contested collective memories. 2 Studies of different efforts to symbolically and physically appropriate certain cities and their surrounding territories by different actors and communities have made important contributions to our understanding of the lands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These works have drawn on a variety of different sources and methods in order to investigate how cities were constructed as reference-points for different collective identities and political projects, ranging from studies of the urban built-environment focusing on architecture or monuments, to studies concentrating on popular history writing, educational curricula, museums, and commemorative events, to name but a few. Notably contributions to this field include Felix Ackermann's (2011) book on twentieth-century Hrodna/ Grodno, which uses the palimpsest as metaphor for understanding how different ac-
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Books by Catherine Gibson
About the Authors:
Tomasz Kamusella is Reader in Modern History at the University of St Andrews, Scotland. His monographs include Silesia and Central European Nationalisms: The Emergence of National and Ethnic Groups in Prussian Silesia and Austrian Silesia, 1848–1918 (2007) and The Politics of Language and Nationalisms in Modern Central Europe (2009).
Motoki Nomachi is Associate Professor in the Slavic-Eurasian Research Center at Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. He wrote and edited The Grammar of Possessivity in South Slavic: Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives (2011), Slavia Islamica: Language, Religion and Identity (2011, with Robert Greenberg) and Grammaticalization and Lexicalization in the Slavic Languages (2014, with Andrii Danylenko and Predrag Piper).
Catherine Gibson is currently completing an Erasmus International MA at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, United Kingdom, and the University of Tartu, Estonia. Her research focuses on transnational history and ethnolinguistic nationalism in the Baltic states.
Contributors to this volume include:
Andrej Beke , University of Tsukuba, Japan Wayles Browne, Cornell University, USA Andrii Danylenko, Pace University, USA István Fried, University of Szeged, Hungary Catherine Gibson, University College London, UK Robert Greenberg, Hunter College of the City University of New York, USA Brian D. Joseph, The Ohio State University, USA Tomasz Kamusella, University of St Andrews, UK Keith Langston, University of Georgia, USA Jouko Lindstedt, University of Helsinki, Finland Paul Robert Magocsi, University of Toronto, Canada Roland Marti, University of the Saarland, Germany Elena Marushiakova, Independent Scholar Vesselin Popov, Independent Scholar Alexander Maxwell, Victoria University in Wellington, New Zealand Michael A. Moser,University of Vienna, Austria Motoki Nomachi, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Anna Novikov-Almagor, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Anita Peti-Stanti?, University of Zagreb, Croatia Irina Sedakova, Institute for Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Sarah Smyth, Independent Scholar Dieter Stern, Ghent University, Belgium Klaus Steinke, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany Paul Wexler, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
Catherine Gibson is a doctoral researcher at the European University Institute, Florence. She obtained her Masters from the School of Slavonic and East European Studies at University College London and the University of Tartu in 2015. Besides memory politics, her research interests include borders and borderlands, language politics, and transnational and spatial approaches to the history of the north-west Russian Empire and Baltic states.
Articles by Catherine Gibson
This is the introduction to the thematic forum "Confession, Loyalty, and National Indifference," which includes five articles that address the problem of emerging collective identity through the entanglement of complementing and conflicting forms of groupness: religious, political, and ethnic. The introductory essay conceptually frames these studies in terms of national indifference and confessional ambiguity, underscoring the role of religious collective identities in forging other forms of groupness–ethnocultural and political.
Резюме:
Эссе представляет собой введение в форум "Вероисповедание, лояльность и национальная индифферентность". Форум объединяет пять статей, посвященных проблеме формирующейся коллективной идентичности через переплетение взаимодополняющих и конфликтующих форм группности: религиозной, политической и этнической. Вводное эссе концептуализирует включенные в форум исследования в терминах национальной индифферентности и конфессиональной неопределенности, подчеркивая роль религиозной коллективной идентичности в формировании других форм группности–этнокультурной и политической.
Keywords: cartography, ethnographic map, Peter von Köppen, Academy of Sciences, Russian Geographical Society, history of science
В середине XIX в. основными для развития этнографической карто- графии были вопросы классификации и территориального распре- деления этнических групп. В ходе работы картографaм, этнографaм и статистикaм приходилось сталкиваться с серьезными материальными и техническими проблемами, которые до сих пор не становились объек- тами исследования. В настоящей статье «процесс картографирования» (М. Edney) в 1840-е гг. рассматривается на материале переписки между Петром Кёппеном и Императорской Санкт-Петербургской академией наук о подготовке этнографического атласа Европейской России (1848). Публикуемые впервые источники хранятся в Санкт-Петербургском фи- лиале Архива Российской академии наук, в личном фонде Петра Кёппе- на. Они заключают в себе подробную информацию об обстоятельствах создания атласа, который был одной из первых этнографических карт, изданных в Российской империи. Академия опубликовала лишь краткие резюме обсуждения их создания, отредактированные и не включающие важную финансовую и методическую информацию. Письма Кёппена задают новую перспективу в истории российской картографии и рас- крывают трудности, с которыми сталкивались ученые в своей работе. Переписка ярко характеризует отношения между Петербургской акаде- мией наук и Русским географическим обществом, их взгляд на вопросы картографии в ранние годы, борьбу Кёппена за финансирование его кар- тографических проектов и материальные аспекты подготовки этногра- фической карты. Особенное внимание в статье уделено тому, как Кёппен пытался вписать свои планы в ограниченные обстоятельствами рамки и согласовать свои научные интересы с целями научных организаций, с которыми сотрудничал.
Ключевые слова: картография, этнографическая карта, Петр Кёппен, Ака- демия наук, Русское географическое общество, история науки
Gramota: wpływ polityki i nacjonalizmu na rozwój łatgalskiego języka literackiego w długim wieku XIX (1772–1918)
Łatgalię, południowo-wschodni region Łotwy, cechuje odrębna tożsamość etniczno-regionalna, przede wszystkim z racji powszechnego na tym terenie używania języka/dialektu łatgalskiego. Status łatgalskiego jako języka/dialektu stanowi w dzisiejszej Litwie w dużej mierze kwestię o wymiarze politycznym, aczkolwiek nie jest to zjawisko, które pojawiło się dopiero w XX stuleciu. Łatgalski już od czasu swych narodzin jako język literacki w połowie XVIII wieku pozostawał pod silną presją polityki oraz nacjonalizmów. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu prześledzenie oddziaływania polityki i nacjonalizmu na kształtowanie się literackiej odmiany języka łatgalskiego w ciągu „długiego wieku XIX” – okresu, w którym region ten podlegał administracji rządowej sprawowanej przez trzy systemy polityczne (Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów, Imperium Rosyjskie, Pierwsza Republika Litewska). Spojrzenie na omawiane zagadnienie z perspektywy ponadnarodowej pozwala stworzyć kontekst rozwoju łatgalskiego języka literackiego w odniesieniu do innych języków literackich formujących się w bliskim jego sąsiedztwie (białoruskiego, łotewskiego, litewskiego i semigalskiego), jak też otworzyć pole dla kolejnych studiów porównawczych nad kształtowaniem się nienarodowych języków/dialektów literackich. Łatgalia stanowi region pograniczny, zwykle zaniedbywany przez główny nurt nauki łotewskiej, a tym bardziej w dociekaniach naukowych poza granicami Łotwy. Niniejszy artykuł ma za zadanie choć w pewnej mierze stan ten naprawić.
Latgale; politics of language; regional identity; nationalism; transnational history
Book Chapters by Catherine Gibson
Book Reviews by Catherine Gibson
About the Authors:
Tomasz Kamusella is Reader in Modern History at the University of St Andrews, Scotland. His monographs include Silesia and Central European Nationalisms: The Emergence of National and Ethnic Groups in Prussian Silesia and Austrian Silesia, 1848–1918 (2007) and The Politics of Language and Nationalisms in Modern Central Europe (2009).
Motoki Nomachi is Associate Professor in the Slavic-Eurasian Research Center at Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. He wrote and edited The Grammar of Possessivity in South Slavic: Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives (2011), Slavia Islamica: Language, Religion and Identity (2011, with Robert Greenberg) and Grammaticalization and Lexicalization in the Slavic Languages (2014, with Andrii Danylenko and Predrag Piper).
Catherine Gibson is currently completing an Erasmus International MA at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, United Kingdom, and the University of Tartu, Estonia. Her research focuses on transnational history and ethnolinguistic nationalism in the Baltic states.
Contributors to this volume include:
Andrej Beke , University of Tsukuba, Japan Wayles Browne, Cornell University, USA Andrii Danylenko, Pace University, USA István Fried, University of Szeged, Hungary Catherine Gibson, University College London, UK Robert Greenberg, Hunter College of the City University of New York, USA Brian D. Joseph, The Ohio State University, USA Tomasz Kamusella, University of St Andrews, UK Keith Langston, University of Georgia, USA Jouko Lindstedt, University of Helsinki, Finland Paul Robert Magocsi, University of Toronto, Canada Roland Marti, University of the Saarland, Germany Elena Marushiakova, Independent Scholar Vesselin Popov, Independent Scholar Alexander Maxwell, Victoria University in Wellington, New Zealand Michael A. Moser,University of Vienna, Austria Motoki Nomachi, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Anna Novikov-Almagor, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Anita Peti-Stanti?, University of Zagreb, Croatia Irina Sedakova, Institute for Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Sarah Smyth, Independent Scholar Dieter Stern, Ghent University, Belgium Klaus Steinke, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany Paul Wexler, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
Catherine Gibson is a doctoral researcher at the European University Institute, Florence. She obtained her Masters from the School of Slavonic and East European Studies at University College London and the University of Tartu in 2015. Besides memory politics, her research interests include borders and borderlands, language politics, and transnational and spatial approaches to the history of the north-west Russian Empire and Baltic states.
This is the introduction to the thematic forum "Confession, Loyalty, and National Indifference," which includes five articles that address the problem of emerging collective identity through the entanglement of complementing and conflicting forms of groupness: religious, political, and ethnic. The introductory essay conceptually frames these studies in terms of national indifference and confessional ambiguity, underscoring the role of religious collective identities in forging other forms of groupness–ethnocultural and political.
Резюме:
Эссе представляет собой введение в форум "Вероисповедание, лояльность и национальная индифферентность". Форум объединяет пять статей, посвященных проблеме формирующейся коллективной идентичности через переплетение взаимодополняющих и конфликтующих форм группности: религиозной, политической и этнической. Вводное эссе концептуализирует включенные в форум исследования в терминах национальной индифферентности и конфессиональной неопределенности, подчеркивая роль религиозной коллективной идентичности в формировании других форм группности–этнокультурной и политической.
Keywords: cartography, ethnographic map, Peter von Köppen, Academy of Sciences, Russian Geographical Society, history of science
В середине XIX в. основными для развития этнографической карто- графии были вопросы классификации и территориального распре- деления этнических групп. В ходе работы картографaм, этнографaм и статистикaм приходилось сталкиваться с серьезными материальными и техническими проблемами, которые до сих пор не становились объек- тами исследования. В настоящей статье «процесс картографирования» (М. Edney) в 1840-е гг. рассматривается на материале переписки между Петром Кёппеном и Императорской Санкт-Петербургской академией наук о подготовке этнографического атласа Европейской России (1848). Публикуемые впервые источники хранятся в Санкт-Петербургском фи- лиале Архива Российской академии наук, в личном фонде Петра Кёппе- на. Они заключают в себе подробную информацию об обстоятельствах создания атласа, который был одной из первых этнографических карт, изданных в Российской империи. Академия опубликовала лишь краткие резюме обсуждения их создания, отредактированные и не включающие важную финансовую и методическую информацию. Письма Кёппена задают новую перспективу в истории российской картографии и рас- крывают трудности, с которыми сталкивались ученые в своей работе. Переписка ярко характеризует отношения между Петербургской акаде- мией наук и Русским географическим обществом, их взгляд на вопросы картографии в ранние годы, борьбу Кёппена за финансирование его кар- тографических проектов и материальные аспекты подготовки этногра- фической карты. Особенное внимание в статье уделено тому, как Кёппен пытался вписать свои планы в ограниченные обстоятельствами рамки и согласовать свои научные интересы с целями научных организаций, с которыми сотрудничал.
Ключевые слова: картография, этнографическая карта, Петр Кёппен, Ака- демия наук, Русское географическое общество, история науки
Gramota: wpływ polityki i nacjonalizmu na rozwój łatgalskiego języka literackiego w długim wieku XIX (1772–1918)
Łatgalię, południowo-wschodni region Łotwy, cechuje odrębna tożsamość etniczno-regionalna, przede wszystkim z racji powszechnego na tym terenie używania języka/dialektu łatgalskiego. Status łatgalskiego jako języka/dialektu stanowi w dzisiejszej Litwie w dużej mierze kwestię o wymiarze politycznym, aczkolwiek nie jest to zjawisko, które pojawiło się dopiero w XX stuleciu. Łatgalski już od czasu swych narodzin jako język literacki w połowie XVIII wieku pozostawał pod silną presją polityki oraz nacjonalizmów. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu prześledzenie oddziaływania polityki i nacjonalizmu na kształtowanie się literackiej odmiany języka łatgalskiego w ciągu „długiego wieku XIX” – okresu, w którym region ten podlegał administracji rządowej sprawowanej przez trzy systemy polityczne (Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów, Imperium Rosyjskie, Pierwsza Republika Litewska). Spojrzenie na omawiane zagadnienie z perspektywy ponadnarodowej pozwala stworzyć kontekst rozwoju łatgalskiego języka literackiego w odniesieniu do innych języków literackich formujących się w bliskim jego sąsiedztwie (białoruskiego, łotewskiego, litewskiego i semigalskiego), jak też otworzyć pole dla kolejnych studiów porównawczych nad kształtowaniem się nienarodowych języków/dialektów literackich. Łatgalia stanowi region pograniczny, zwykle zaniedbywany przez główny nurt nauki łotewskiej, a tym bardziej w dociekaniach naukowych poza granicami Łotwy. Niniejszy artykuł ma za zadanie choć w pewnej mierze stan ten naprawić.
Latgale; politics of language; regional identity; nationalism; transnational history