Ciencias Sociales

El dolor neuropá tico es un problema sanitario de importancia creciente, tanto por el nú mero de pacientes afectados como por la gran repercusió n sobre la calidad de vida de aquellos que lo experimentan 1 . En Españ a, los pacientes con dolor neuropá tico son atendidos por diversos especialistas, lo que origina una gran variabilidad en la prá ctica clínica 2 y, aunque existen varias guías de prá ctica clínica en la literatura mé dica 2-5 , no se ha publicado ningú n documento de consenso entre diferentes especialidades realizado en este país con el objetivo de estandarizar la atenció n a estos pacientes 6 . Este documento de consenso, realizado por representantes de 7 sociedades científicas, intenta resumir la informació n de la literatura mé dica disponible usando el manual metodoló gico para la elaboració n de guías de prá ctica clínica en el sistema nacional de salud 7 , evaluando la calidad de la informació n con los grados de pruebas especificados en la tabla 1.

El programa de la asignatura Morfofisiología en la especialidad Electromedicina, resultaba insuficiente en la formulación de sus componentes, para cumplir con la función de orientación que el mismo ofrece al profesor para el desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, en correspondencia con los objetivos generales en la formación de ese profesional en el contexto actual de la sociedad cubana, por lo que se realizó un perfeccionamiento curricular y didáctico que permitió una mejor relación entre los componentes estructurales del programa, de estos con el perfil y el plan de estudios de la carrera de Tecnología de la Salud, para potenciar su función orientadora. A los fines de rediseñar el programa de la asignatura, se utiliza una estrategia investigativa que estuvo estructurada en tres momentos fundamentales: diagnóstico, determinación de las adecuaciones necesarias para un programa deseable y valoración de su propuesta de rediseño para el planeamiento de los cambios curriculares y didácticos. Se presentan los fundamentos curriculares y didácticos considerados para el rediseño del programa, -aprendizaje, Palabras claves: Currículo, Didáctica, Programa.

This article is a brief in which the social role transformer singing in ancestral communities Colombian Pacific as a mechanism of social repair, political resistance and autobiographic resilience under the specter of a wealth of cultural knowledge claimed historically present, but always dynamic, through the leading role of the singers, specifically in Doña Helena Hines, who act as teachers in the re-significance of their cultural knowledge, to bring young people from social contexts of violence, exclusion and marginalization, under the tonic effect of Canta. In such an effort, the methodology that serves as an epistemological pretext, in order to penetrate into the world of the nonrepresentative, is the decolonial one. With it, it is possible to demonstrate the transforming role of singing at historical level, but even more, at the level of everyday social action.

This work explores the possibilities of resistance and critique emergence of the populations impacted by hydropower projects and forms of violence contained in the practices of what is being called “Social Management” in such contexts. This form of management is approached as a government apparatus as in Foucault (1980), Deleuze (1991) and Dean (2010), composed by lines of visibility, enunciation, power and subjectivity for conducting the interaction among companies, the State and the impacted communities. The forms of critique and resistance are understood as elements of the apparatus’s subjectivity lines. And analyses of perceptions and manifestations of the affected populations emphasizing in their critical declarations to the process of displacement and resettlement is made, as well as to their sources of justification. Data are provided by documental analyses, ethnographic work and the previous experience of the researcher in the studied resettlement. A variety of discursive and non-discursive strategies to subvert the order promoted by the managerial rationality of the apparatus is evidenced.

This article gives an account of one of the elements analyzed in the doctoral thesis  on social relations in the University; specifically of the category “power”. The research was done under a qualitative design, with a hermeneutic method; through 14 workshops with interactive techniques and in-depth interviews. 119 young people (men and women) enrolled in different undergraduate programs in Social Sciences and Education, from public and private universities (4 campuses and 6 venues), located in the department of Antioquia (Colombia). The analysis of the results yielded four major subcategories, each one configured according to the participants’ reports; in this case the analysis of two of them is presented: “The power associated to the instituted authority: to maintain the status quo” and “The own power and the conscience on the matter: to have more, to be more”

This article describes 19 writing centers in Colombia based on the information that appears on their web pages and publications that have been generated on the experiences of these spaces within the institutions where they are established. The methodology used was documentary research. To begin, an introduction on reading and writing is presented in Colombia; Then focuses on the description of writing centers in the university in the context of Colombia, however, it addresses a writing center in primary and secondary education, which was identified. In the end, the general perspective of the Writing Centers is presented in the Colombian context. In conclusion, it is stated that writing centers in Colombia are a recent strategy that has been considered in order to strengthen the academic writing processes in students.

This article presents part of the results of the doctoral thesis entitled “the institutional educational project and the formation of political subjectivity for a post-conflict scenario: collective memory of the armed conflict and school identity”. The methodology that was used was oral history, and the approach was hermeneutic. The objective pursued for this purpose was to reveal the sense and meaning that the collective memory of the Colombian armed conflict had for the institution under study, through the memory that is conveyed in literature, music and narrative as pedagogical devices. The findings can be summarized in that: 1) through literature, music and narratives as pedagogical devices, pedagogy of memory can be made, given that educational subjects acquire new sense and meanings about the impacts of the Colombian armed conflict; 2) by unveiling the sense and meaning of the armed conflict from literature, music and narratives, the educational subjects become political, ethical, civilized and compassionate; 3) the ethics that arise from memory, and that is conveyed in literature, music and narratives, is different from the ethics taught by the school as competences; 4) students can acquire a transient identity when they listen imaginatively to the other that is narrated when activated in them ethical devices (feelings of longings, desires, complicities, sympathies and compathies2) as opposed to what they hear and as opposed to the condition of the victim; 5) self-care and care for others is given when the students faced with the alter-victim acquire a semantic of cordiality; 6) before the alter-victim the students understand that forgiveness is a gift of the victim; and 7) the students become democratic and move away from the logic of evil from the memory that music entails, when they respect diversity, they do not get involved in the word and direct their actions toward peace.

This paper aims to identify the changes in the representation of violence that have occurred for more than one century in the literature on armed conflict in Colombia. This identification will be done in relationship with the historical, political, social and cultural frameworks that are encompassed within the different literary works. The goal of this project is to acknowledge the ways of narrating and representing war within the literary texts, as well as learning the role of the characters that suffer directly from the violent act in these productions. Additionally, we will pay close attention to the analysis of each character’s enunciative position within the re-signification of the war stories, with the purpose of establishing which are the discourses of each of the parties involved.

The theme of this work is spirituality in a secularized world. It is proposed that Solomon’s theory of emotional integrity makes explicit a form of spirituality that does not make it dependent on religion. Thus, it is a good tool to understand spirituality in a world with several forms of religiosity, atheism and agnosticism. This spirituality assumes a cognitivist conception of the three emotions that are traditionally recognized as ethical and spiritual: happiness, gratitude and love. According to this conception, emotions in general are judgments and its content is an object evaluated in some way. These three emotions have other emotional states as intentional objects, that is why they are called “meta-emotions”. Being spiritual involves an assessment of our life as a whole, affectionately evaluated from a specific present. As such, spirituality is the key to construct each person’s meaning of life. Affective spirituality is within the framework of the emotional integrity theory. This theory states that human beings are capable of endless number of emotions. In this regard, the ability to have an integral affective life is the possibility to forge what we are, to face the challenges of life; it is how we construct the meaning of our own lives.

This article raises the need to acknowledge the forms of narrative present in educational processes, and also presents the need for taking into account another more subtle form and directed towards education of sensitivity for solidarity, as the main hypothesis of this text argues that individuals are educated in two particularly powerful ways of rationality, which derive in a desensitization towards others and towards nature. This particular situation is evidenced in radical selfishness, in unconscious consumerism, in the exclusion of others and in the destruction of nature. As a method of analysis, the problem is examined under the light of the criticism of objective-positive thinking, from the point of view of Dewey’s classical pragmatism and Rorty’s neopragmatism as well as the corresponding critique of technological-instrumental reason is presented from the Frankfurt School. All of the above in order to offer a proposal of a lexicon, that allows us to integrate an imaginative narrative that is oriented towards the creation of an ethos of empathy and solidarity, which is considered a utopian perspective, possible only to the extent that it makes visible another aspect of humanity ignored most of the time in educational environments, to make possible the moral progress that as humans constitutes our responsibility.

Since the post-dictatorial period in Chile, the arrival of Latin American communities has generated a steady transformation in the migration pattern. In this study we aim to understand the effect of the cultural creations of immigrants on our identities, sociabilities and imaginaries. In particular, we are interested in the musical practices, putting forward the idea that music involves processes of cultural mixing, creating a transformation and a reshaping of identities. Methodologically, the study is based on an etnographic focus and on comprehensive interviews with artists of various types of music. The results reveal the existence of distinct kinds of identities, which wane and combine involving elements of natonality, ethnicity, religion and profesional. We conclude from this that the new migratory movements have marked in an important way the present cultural dynamics, creating social links and mixing between communities well beyond national and symbolic bounderies.

From the social sciences of the labor, it is a consensus to point out that the advance of work precariousness generates a challenge for the traditional trade union organizations, because of the segmentation it generates in the working class, in relation to their conditions and job demands, and for the difficulty in representing those workers who are working in unregistered and informal conditions. In this context, this paper aims to reflect on the new forms of collective action that young precarious workers establish in response to these limitations of traditional trade unionism to channel their struggles. Our hypothesis is that in the absence of access to traditional trade union representation and its formal mechanisms of negotiation and struggle, the precarious workers turn to alternative repertoires of action to give visibility to their struggles and install their demands in the political ground. One of these repertoires is artistic activism, which consists in the use of images, songs and performances as a channel for denouncing and protesting about their labor problems. It is on this unconventional trade union repertoire where we focus our reflection in this paper, which gain a great place in the recent mobilizations of young precarious people in Argentina. In qualitative methodological terms, we conducted a qualitative and comparative case study on three Argentinian organizations of young precarious workers who resorted to artistic activism in their protests, during the period 2005-2015, seeking to understand its emergence as a new trade union repertoire.

The city of Santiago de Cali in Colombia has been characterized since the beginning of the century as one of the most insecure cities in the world. Given the State’s inability to guarantee order, there are initiatives from the communities in which they seek to mitigate the absence of security with collective actions thus replacing this institutional failure. This work seeks to explore the experience of the neighborhood Marco Fidel Suarez, one of the communities with fewer deaths in the city thanks to strategies such as voluntary enclosure through the installation of fences in strategic points, regulation of entry and exit of residents in addition to activities designed and implemented by the Community Action Board in order to manage a peaceful coexistence. The theory of “Collective Efficacy” by Robert Sampson, Oscar Newman’s “Defensible Space” and the adaptation of the concept of “Multifamily Residential Spaces” are used, supported by qualitative methodological tools such as interview and passive observation in order to understand and explain the development of the mentioned strategies.

Gender quotas are a specific type of positive actions aimed at fostering women’s political representation. In Mexico, gender quotas were adopted since 1993 and over the years their evolution produced a federal legislature with 42.6 % of women, but also a rise of political violence against women. This paper explains the highly positive impact of judicialization on women’s representation and analyses the relation that seems to appear between effectively applied gender quotas and an increase in political violence against women.