Articles by Janina Onuki
Mercosul e BRICS: a convergência na Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas
A perspectiva dos poderes emergentes em influenciar a ordem internacional depende, em grande medi... more A perspectiva dos poderes emergentes em influenciar a ordem internacional depende, em grande medida, da capacidade de ação coletiva. É necessário que esses países sejam capazes de gerar coesão de posições no âmbito dos regimes e organizações internacionais. Caso não consigam forjar coordenação, é improvável que consigam ampliar o poder de barganha para além do que já detêm individualmente. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o peso das coalizões regional e globais como elemento indutor da coesão de comportamento em arenas multilaterais. O Brasil é tomado como país de referência. Analisa-se a evolução do grau de convergência do posicionamento do Brasil na Assembleia Geral da ONU (AGNU) com três grupos de países: Mercosul, BRICS1 e potências nucleares. A análise cobre o período de 1946 e 2008. Procura-se entender o peso específico das coalizões como elemento indutor de maior convergência de posicionamento na AGNU. A mensuração da afinidade entre Brasil e potências nucleares serve como grupo controle, tendo em vista o fato de que tanto Mercosul ―no plano subregional― quanto BRICS ―no plano global― são coalizões motivadas em contrabalancear o peso hegemônico norte americano na ordem internacional.
Published Papers by Janina Onuki
Public opinion plays a growing role in foreign policy formation in democratic societies. In this ... more Public opinion plays a growing role in foreign policy formation in democratic societies. In this study, we use survey data from The Americas and the World project to establish whether Latin Americans share a common regional identity, and regard Brazil as a regional leader. Our results indicate that the majority of Brazilians do not identify themselves as Latin Americans. Moreover, while they believe their country is the most suitable candidate for regional leadership, they are unwilling to bear the costs of assuming such a role. Our study also explores perceptions of regional identity and Brazilian leadership in other Latin American countries, based on their own respective power aspirations. It shows that less powerful Latin American nations recognize Brazil as a regional leader, but citizens in middle powers, like Argentina and Mexico, still believe their countries should play a prominent regional role.
Papers by Janina Onuki
The aim of this article is to discuss the distribution of preferences of members of the Chilean a... more The aim of this article is to discuss the distribution of preferences of members of the Chilean and Argentinian Congress on foreign policy issues through the analysis of roll call votes. This goal is guided by the debate in Latin American literature concerning the decision-making process in foreign policy. The predominant argument focuses on the Executive as the principal decision-maker, disregarding the Legislative as relevant in this field. Thus, legislators would tend to abdicate from their preferences in determining foreign policy. Confronting this argument, we have many studies emphasising the importance of domestic actors in the foreign policy decision-making process. This article proposes to analyse two case studies in comparative perspective: the lower houses of the national parliaments of Argentina and Chile. The result is that the party ideology is a relevant explanatory factor of deputies' votes. Although the argument is more evident for the Chilean case, it is possible to argue that there is a similar pattern to the structuring of deputies' votes in the two countries, both on the domestic and on the international arena. The methodology used makes it possible to infer legislators' preferences by means of roll call votes and of the construction of maps of deputies' ideal points in foreign policy terms, as well as the correlation between Chilean and Argentinian parties' ideological classifications. Votes on foreign policy questions during the 2002-2006/2007 legislatures are considered.
Conocimiento político internacional a partir de un enfoque individual y de contexto: evidencia desde Brasil
espanolLiteratura reciente ha intentado identificar los determinantes que sirven para explicar di... more espanolLiteratura reciente ha intentado identificar los determinantes que sirven para explicar diferencias en los niveles de conocimiento politico internacional. Tomando como referencia las respuestas recabadas por el proyecto «Las americas y el mundo: opinion publica y politica externa» en su edicion 2014/2015, este articulo ofrece nueva evidencia empirica proveniente desde America Latina. Tal como lo senalado por la literatura, mostramos que variables en un nivel micro, tales como educacion, genero y renta, explican diferencias en los niveles de conocimiento politico internacional. Ademas, al introducir una variable macro en nuestro analisis —el tamano de la ciudad— encontramos que nuestro modelo se torna mas preciso y predice mejor el conocimiento politico internacional de una persona al considerar el contexto en el cual la misma esta inserta EnglishRecent literature has tried to identify which factors determine international political knowledge. This article, using data collecte...
Desafios no campo internacional
Objeto do caso O Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Ibama) con... more Objeto do caso O Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Ibama) concedeu, em agosto de 2007, licença prévia para duas usinas hidrelétricas no Rio Madeira, Santo Antônio e Jirau, localizadas no Estado de Rondônia. A licença de viabilidade ambiental constitui um pré-requisito para a licitação da construção e o funcionamento das usinas é a etapa mais difícil, do ponto de vista político, de todo o projeto. O licenciamento ambiental para hidrelétricas do Rio Madeira (Santo Antônio e Jirau)
J.-A. Guilhon-Albuquerque, ed., Sessenta anos de Política externa brasileira, 1930-1990. I. Crescimento, modernização e política externa, II. Diplomacia para o desenvolvimento, 1996
Lusotopie, 1999
Onuki Janina. J.-A. Guilhon-Albuquerque, ed., Sessenta anos de Política externa brasileira, 1930-... more Onuki Janina. J.-A. Guilhon-Albuquerque, ed., Sessenta anos de Política externa brasileira, 1930-1990. I. Crescimento, modernização e política externa, II. Diplomacia para o desenvolvimento, 1996. In: Lusotopie, n°6, 1999. Dynamiques religieuses en lusophonie contemporaine. pp. 502-503
Growing, but in which direction?
En este trabajo presentamos, primeramente, un breve resumen de las diferentes visiones que coexis... more En este trabajo presentamos, primeramente, un breve resumen de las diferentes visiones que coexisten en relacion al tema, para luego dar lugar a un debate teorico focalizado en el concepto de liderazgo. La diversidad de posiciones respecto a un posible liderazgo brasilero en la region, muestra como el termino es usado indiscriminadamente, sin hacer distincion entre diferentes subtipos. Por lo tanto, con el objetivo de contribuir con una linea de investigacion iniciada por otros colegas, en este trabajo testamos la hipotesis que sugiere que Brasil es un lider situacional en America del Sur.
Dossiê Política Internacional: Temas Emergentes
Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 2021
Science and Innovation Diplomacy (S&ID) has emerged in recent years as a relevant scholarly movem... more Science and Innovation Diplomacy (S&ID) has emerged in recent years as a relevant scholarly movement and interdisciplinary research agenda internationally. This field is promoting a significant impact on the understanding of the cultural and political dynamics of Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I), implementing initiatives from local to global level. Notwithstanding, S&ID is growing asymmetrically around the world, setting up over a particular configuration in the so-called Global South (GS) societies. In Latin America (LA), although S&ID is a recent, unequal and intra-nationally fragmented process, there are important achievements that have been able to create a favorable mix of approaches, agendas, and practices in this field. Addressing the scope of the special issue “Science Diplomacy and Sustainable Development: Perspectives from Latin America,” this article aims to present a comprehensive analytical typology to the study of the emerging experiences of S&ID in LA, catchi...
Attitudes toward Consent-Based and Non-Consent-Based International Law in a Regional Power Context
International Interactions, 2017
ABSTRACT International legal scholars have identified and argued for and against new forms of non... more ABSTRACT International legal scholars have identified and argued for and against new forms of non-consent-based international law. We study variation in Brazilian public opinion about adherence to international law created in three different ways: through a consent-based multilateral treaty, by the U.N. Security Council with the participation of Brazil, and by the U.N. Security Council without the participation of Brazil. Information that Brazil has participated in creating the international legal obligation through a multilateral treaty or membership on the Security Council yields levels of support for adherence to the legal obligation that are similar to those found when the origins of the legal obligation are generic. Information that the international legal obligation was created without Brazil’s participation, on the other hand, results in reduced support for compliance. This difference, which is particularly concentrated among highly educated respondents, is not driven by reduced concerns about reputational consequences or sanctions. Our results suggest that the increased use of non-consent-based forms of international law might be challenged by a lack of public support for compliance.
Brazilian Political Science Review, 2018
One of the main challenges for theories of international relations and trade policy is the 'secur... more One of the main challenges for theories of international relations and trade policy is the 'security dilemma'. International security and national defense are central issues in the area of international relations; they have always been variables related to the anarchic nature of the international system, associated with the prevalence of distrust in the relationship among states. For this reason, the classic academic debate between the neorealists' and the neo-institutionalists' contrasting views has basically revolved around the quest to overcome instability, while looking for alternatives that could create space for cooperation, precisely to avoid any return to Hobbesian anarchy. The dilemma concerns how to create state-to-state cooperation in the security and defense field. Unlike a contract in other areas such as trade, the environment, or human rights-where the premise of cooperation justifies the creation of international regimes-the area of defense and security has an element that precedes the discussion of the regime: overcoming distrust (Jervis, 1978). Given a history marked predominantly by the balance of power between great powersknown for competition, relative gains and individual protection of countries-the
International Relations and Diplomacy, 2017
Emerging powers suffer the effects from the resource deficits in attempting to project their powe... more Emerging powers suffer the effects from the resource deficits in attempting to project their power globally. The developing nations are faced with difficult choices in determining their resource allocation strategies when compared to the already established powers. This article uses Brazil as a case study to analyze how emerging powers articulate strategies to conduct operations across the distinct areas of the international stage, paying special attention to regional and global arenas. Our interest is to analyze how power projection strategies are articulated and formed. More specifically, our research works to understand how a country compares and relates its regional operations to its global ones.
Revista de Graduação USP, 2017
Poucos são os trabalhos dedicados a promover um balanço sobre os principais ganhos do uso de simu... more Poucos são os trabalhos dedicados a promover um balanço sobre os principais ganhos do uso de simulações, em termos pedagógicos, no ensino de Relações e Negociações Internacionais. Prevalecem amplamente, dentre os trabalhos disponíveis, relatos qualitativos sobre procedimentos e aplicações das simulações e/ou teste de hipóteses correntes na literatura. A avaliação comparada da experiência de simulações, tomando por base um grande número de aplicações, não é comum entre os estudos do gênero. Este artigo tem por objetivo preencher esta lacuna tomando por base a experiência de ensino nesta área, apoiada pela Pró-Reitoria de Graduação da USP, com o Programa Pró-Ensino.
Contexto Internacional, 2016
Public opinion plays a growing role in foreign policy formation in democratic societies. In this ... more Public opinion plays a growing role in foreign policy formation in democratic societies. In this study, we use survey data from The Americas and the World project to establish whether Latin Americans share a common regional identity, and regard Brazil as a regional leader. Our results indicate that the majority of Brazilians do not identify themselves as Latin Americans. Moreover, while they believe their country is the most suitable candidate for regional leadership, they are unwilling to bear the costs of assuming such a role. Our study also explores perceptions of regional identity and Brazilian leadership in other Latin American countries, based on their own respective power aspirations. It shows that less powerful Latin American nations recognise Brazil as a regional leader, but citizens in middle powers, like Argentina and Mexico, still believe their countries should play a prominent regional role.
Boletin Informativo Del Censud, May 1, 2008
En los últimos años, el debate en torno a la consolidación de la democracia en América del Sur, p... more En los últimos años, el debate en torno a la consolidación de la democracia en América del Sur, pasó a ser asociado directamente a la ampliación de los procesos de integración regional.
Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, 2014
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Articles by Janina Onuki
Published Papers by Janina Onuki
Papers by Janina Onuki