Papers by Elza M Shalders
ABSTRACT
The use of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) in the industry, whenever applicable, as a mean... more ABSTRACT
The use of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) in the industry, whenever applicable, as a means of increasing the energetic yield of a fuel, is always more efficient when compared to using the same fuel in a power-only plant. Also, when replacing more pollutant fossil fuels for cleaner ones, such as natural gas, or clean-burning residual gases as biogas, biomethane and process byproduct gaseous streams as those from the petrochemical and petroleum refining processes, CHP can cut global carbon emissions. This paper presents a brief description of the most relevant processes in the Chemical and Oil and Gas Industries (O&G), in many of which, clean byproduct fuels are granted at lower or no costs to supply their internal energy needs for heat and power auto-production, complemented with natural gas when required. As an additional bonus, these industries can count on highly skilled operating and maintenance crews of their own, for their complex processes and installations and for the CHP unit as well. However, although Combined Heat and Power is already widely present in the Brazilian petrochemical plants and petroleum refineries, in the remaining chemical segments, where lower cost residual fuels are not available and the natural gas prices do not grant the financial feasibility, CHP units are still very few. Although the reasons are based on cyclical, structural and regulatory features, this highlights the equivocated expectations of cost reductions as a single matter, over the strategic gains from operational dependability and environmental benefits. But the near perspective of natural gas exploration in the Brazilian pre-salt and shale gas reserves, with development of the required transportation ducting structure, may bring a new scenario to CHP in Brazil within a few years. Therefore, new skilled engineering professionals will be required, to be able to identify the application possibilities, to cope with the technical and regulating requirements and indicate the best-fitting CHP configurations on a case basis. This work is being carried out as a review of the available CHP technologies being applied to the chemical and O&G industries, their working principles, advantages and limitations; it also assesses the current scenarios in the electrical sector, fuels market and in the Chemical and O&G Industries prevailing in Brazil and in the world, and their future perspectives.
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Papers by Elza M Shalders
The use of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) in the industry, whenever applicable, as a means of increasing the energetic yield of a fuel, is always more efficient when compared to using the same fuel in a power-only plant. Also, when replacing more pollutant fossil fuels for cleaner ones, such as natural gas, or clean-burning residual gases as biogas, biomethane and process byproduct gaseous streams as those from the petrochemical and petroleum refining processes, CHP can cut global carbon emissions. This paper presents a brief description of the most relevant processes in the Chemical and Oil and Gas Industries (O&G), in many of which, clean byproduct fuels are granted at lower or no costs to supply their internal energy needs for heat and power auto-production, complemented with natural gas when required. As an additional bonus, these industries can count on highly skilled operating and maintenance crews of their own, for their complex processes and installations and for the CHP unit as well. However, although Combined Heat and Power is already widely present in the Brazilian petrochemical plants and petroleum refineries, in the remaining chemical segments, where lower cost residual fuels are not available and the natural gas prices do not grant the financial feasibility, CHP units are still very few. Although the reasons are based on cyclical, structural and regulatory features, this highlights the equivocated expectations of cost reductions as a single matter, over the strategic gains from operational dependability and environmental benefits. But the near perspective of natural gas exploration in the Brazilian pre-salt and shale gas reserves, with development of the required transportation ducting structure, may bring a new scenario to CHP in Brazil within a few years. Therefore, new skilled engineering professionals will be required, to be able to identify the application possibilities, to cope with the technical and regulating requirements and indicate the best-fitting CHP configurations on a case basis. This work is being carried out as a review of the available CHP technologies being applied to the chemical and O&G industries, their working principles, advantages and limitations; it also assesses the current scenarios in the electrical sector, fuels market and in the Chemical and O&G Industries prevailing in Brazil and in the world, and their future perspectives.
The use of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) in the industry, whenever applicable, as a means of increasing the energetic yield of a fuel, is always more efficient when compared to using the same fuel in a power-only plant. Also, when replacing more pollutant fossil fuels for cleaner ones, such as natural gas, or clean-burning residual gases as biogas, biomethane and process byproduct gaseous streams as those from the petrochemical and petroleum refining processes, CHP can cut global carbon emissions. This paper presents a brief description of the most relevant processes in the Chemical and Oil and Gas Industries (O&G), in many of which, clean byproduct fuels are granted at lower or no costs to supply their internal energy needs for heat and power auto-production, complemented with natural gas when required. As an additional bonus, these industries can count on highly skilled operating and maintenance crews of their own, for their complex processes and installations and for the CHP unit as well. However, although Combined Heat and Power is already widely present in the Brazilian petrochemical plants and petroleum refineries, in the remaining chemical segments, where lower cost residual fuels are not available and the natural gas prices do not grant the financial feasibility, CHP units are still very few. Although the reasons are based on cyclical, structural and regulatory features, this highlights the equivocated expectations of cost reductions as a single matter, over the strategic gains from operational dependability and environmental benefits. But the near perspective of natural gas exploration in the Brazilian pre-salt and shale gas reserves, with development of the required transportation ducting structure, may bring a new scenario to CHP in Brazil within a few years. Therefore, new skilled engineering professionals will be required, to be able to identify the application possibilities, to cope with the technical and regulating requirements and indicate the best-fitting CHP configurations on a case basis. This work is being carried out as a review of the available CHP technologies being applied to the chemical and O&G industries, their working principles, advantages and limitations; it also assesses the current scenarios in the electrical sector, fuels market and in the Chemical and O&G Industries prevailing in Brazil and in the world, and their future perspectives.