Sabine Eggers
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tempo circunscrito. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi testar a hipótese de que os indivíduos do Locus 2 apresentam uma afinidade biológica maior entre si do que em relação aos demais indivíduos exumados de outros loci. Para tanto,
dados craniométricos de 26 indivíduos foram analisados usando testes estatísticos.
Nossos resultados não apoiam a hipótese de que os indivíduos do Locus 2 apresentem maior afinidade biológica entre si. À luz de dados da literatura, outros fatores biológicos também não corroboram a existência do grupo de afinidade.
É possível que outros fatores, como os culturais, tenham influenciado a decisão de quem seria sepultado nesse Locus.
O projeto tem como objetivo investigar o processo de formação dos sambaquis e o padrão de assentamento da costa Sudeste do Brasil. Visa o estudo da ocupação do litoral a partir dos seguintes aspectos:1 – a contextualização ambiental dos sambaquis percebendo-os como parte de um sistema de assentamento e a análise detalhada de alguns tipos de sítios. 2 – o estudo dos sambaquis como uma construção intencional e não apenas como o resultado de descarte de restos alimentares, 3 – a pesquisa etnográfica com os pescadores tradicionais que dependem dos recursos aquáticos e que estão familiarizados com o uso de pequenos botes 4 – a cadeia de atividades relacionada com a coleta de moluscos.
Based on cultural evidence, it is assumed that the subsistence practices of Late Formative (700 B.C. to A.D. 100) societies from the Paracas peninsula evolved from being fishing-based to agricultural around the beginning of the common era. The inventories of several sites in the region, however, suggest a mixed diet that included marine protein and cultivated carbohydrates in unknown proportions. To test changes in coastal subsistence during this period, the remains of 56 individuals from three occupations (Karwas [700–550 B.C.], Paracas Cavernas [550–260 B.C.], and Paracas Necrópolis [260 B.C. to A.D. 100]) were analyzed using a bioarchaeological approach. The analyses of oral pathology show similar patterns in the three populations, consistent with an extremely cariogenic and soft diet. In addition, evidence of coca leaf chewing was detected in Paracas Cavernas and Paracas Necropolis. The isotopic signatures show that the large amounts of C3 carbohydrate intake (tubers and legumes) decreases, while C4 carbohydrate (maize) intake increases, supplemented with marine protein. The results of these data suggest that the consumption and possibly the production of cultivated carbohydrates were highly developed in the region since the mid-first millennium B.C.
using 12 osteological markers for nutritional and functional stress, infectious diseases, and interpersonal violence offers the opportunity to understand the biological dimension of this process. Although we observe auditory exostosis in all samples, indicating the continuing importance of marine resources, other paleopathological findings, in accordance with archaeological data, support the idea of profound changes in lifestyle related to the rise of social complexity in the region. These include a 10 cm height decrease, changes in nutritional stress markers, and an increase in degenerative joint diseases in vertebra but not in the appendicular skeleton, whereas infectious diseases and violent trauma became more frequent. Thus, in Puémape we witness considerable changes in the way of life across the Formative period, associated with changes in diet, division of labor, and social stratification.
Sertão and the Tradição Itaparica in the high plains of the Planalto Central. Here we report on paleodietary singals of a
Paleoamerican found in a third Brazilian ecological setting – a riverine shellmound, or sambaqui, located in the Atlantic
forest. Most sambaquis are found along the coast. The peoples associated with them subsisted on marine resources. We are
reporting a different situation from the oldest recorded riverine sambaqui, called Capelinha. Capelinha is a relatively small
sambaqui established along a river 60 km from the Atlantic Ocean coast. It contained the well-preserved remains of a
Paleoamerican known as Luzio dated to 9,9456235 years ago; the oldest sambaqui dweller so far. Luzio’s bones were
remarkably well preserved and allowed for stable isotopic analysis of diet. Although artifacts found at this riverine site show
connections with the Atlantic coast, we show that he represents a population that was dependent on inland resources as
opposed to marine coastal resources. After comparing Luzio’s paleodietary data with that of other extant and prehistoric
groups, we discuss where his group could have come from, if terrestrial diet persisted in riverine sambaquis and how Luzio
fits within the discussion of the replacement of paleamerican by amerindian morphology. This study adds to the evidence
that shows a greater complexity in the prehistory of the colonization of and the adaptations to the New World.
whether there is an increase (1) in the frequency of carious lesions and (2) in caries depth, and (3) if there is a shift from occlusal to extra-occlusal caries locations with the development of agriculture. Therefore, we analyze the frequencies of carious lesions and antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), the caries distributions by age, sex, and type of tooth, as well as the tissues affected by, and the location of the carious lesions. Since there are no significant differences in the frequencies of carious lesions and AMTL between the groups, we reject hypothesis 1. In contrast, caries depth does increase, and caries location changes from occlusal to extra-occlusal sites with agricultural
development. However, we can only corroborate hypothesis 2 and 3 when taking into consideration dental wear. Thus, we recommend that caries depth and locations should be used with evaluations of dental wear to reconstruct subsistence in ancient populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:75–91, 2010.
tempo circunscrito. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi testar a hipótese de que os indivíduos do Locus 2 apresentam uma afinidade biológica maior entre si do que em relação aos demais indivíduos exumados de outros loci. Para tanto,
dados craniométricos de 26 indivíduos foram analisados usando testes estatísticos.
Nossos resultados não apoiam a hipótese de que os indivíduos do Locus 2 apresentem maior afinidade biológica entre si. À luz de dados da literatura, outros fatores biológicos também não corroboram a existência do grupo de afinidade.
É possível que outros fatores, como os culturais, tenham influenciado a decisão de quem seria sepultado nesse Locus.
O projeto tem como objetivo investigar o processo de formação dos sambaquis e o padrão de assentamento da costa Sudeste do Brasil. Visa o estudo da ocupação do litoral a partir dos seguintes aspectos:1 – a contextualização ambiental dos sambaquis percebendo-os como parte de um sistema de assentamento e a análise detalhada de alguns tipos de sítios. 2 – o estudo dos sambaquis como uma construção intencional e não apenas como o resultado de descarte de restos alimentares, 3 – a pesquisa etnográfica com os pescadores tradicionais que dependem dos recursos aquáticos e que estão familiarizados com o uso de pequenos botes 4 – a cadeia de atividades relacionada com a coleta de moluscos.
Based on cultural evidence, it is assumed that the subsistence practices of Late Formative (700 B.C. to A.D. 100) societies from the Paracas peninsula evolved from being fishing-based to agricultural around the beginning of the common era. The inventories of several sites in the region, however, suggest a mixed diet that included marine protein and cultivated carbohydrates in unknown proportions. To test changes in coastal subsistence during this period, the remains of 56 individuals from three occupations (Karwas [700–550 B.C.], Paracas Cavernas [550–260 B.C.], and Paracas Necrópolis [260 B.C. to A.D. 100]) were analyzed using a bioarchaeological approach. The analyses of oral pathology show similar patterns in the three populations, consistent with an extremely cariogenic and soft diet. In addition, evidence of coca leaf chewing was detected in Paracas Cavernas and Paracas Necropolis. The isotopic signatures show that the large amounts of C3 carbohydrate intake (tubers and legumes) decreases, while C4 carbohydrate (maize) intake increases, supplemented with marine protein. The results of these data suggest that the consumption and possibly the production of cultivated carbohydrates were highly developed in the region since the mid-first millennium B.C.
using 12 osteological markers for nutritional and functional stress, infectious diseases, and interpersonal violence offers the opportunity to understand the biological dimension of this process. Although we observe auditory exostosis in all samples, indicating the continuing importance of marine resources, other paleopathological findings, in accordance with archaeological data, support the idea of profound changes in lifestyle related to the rise of social complexity in the region. These include a 10 cm height decrease, changes in nutritional stress markers, and an increase in degenerative joint diseases in vertebra but not in the appendicular skeleton, whereas infectious diseases and violent trauma became more frequent. Thus, in Puémape we witness considerable changes in the way of life across the Formative period, associated with changes in diet, division of labor, and social stratification.
Sertão and the Tradição Itaparica in the high plains of the Planalto Central. Here we report on paleodietary singals of a
Paleoamerican found in a third Brazilian ecological setting – a riverine shellmound, or sambaqui, located in the Atlantic
forest. Most sambaquis are found along the coast. The peoples associated with them subsisted on marine resources. We are
reporting a different situation from the oldest recorded riverine sambaqui, called Capelinha. Capelinha is a relatively small
sambaqui established along a river 60 km from the Atlantic Ocean coast. It contained the well-preserved remains of a
Paleoamerican known as Luzio dated to 9,9456235 years ago; the oldest sambaqui dweller so far. Luzio’s bones were
remarkably well preserved and allowed for stable isotopic analysis of diet. Although artifacts found at this riverine site show
connections with the Atlantic coast, we show that he represents a population that was dependent on inland resources as
opposed to marine coastal resources. After comparing Luzio’s paleodietary data with that of other extant and prehistoric
groups, we discuss where his group could have come from, if terrestrial diet persisted in riverine sambaquis and how Luzio
fits within the discussion of the replacement of paleamerican by amerindian morphology. This study adds to the evidence
that shows a greater complexity in the prehistory of the colonization of and the adaptations to the New World.
whether there is an increase (1) in the frequency of carious lesions and (2) in caries depth, and (3) if there is a shift from occlusal to extra-occlusal caries locations with the development of agriculture. Therefore, we analyze the frequencies of carious lesions and antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), the caries distributions by age, sex, and type of tooth, as well as the tissues affected by, and the location of the carious lesions. Since there are no significant differences in the frequencies of carious lesions and AMTL between the groups, we reject hypothesis 1. In contrast, caries depth does increase, and caries location changes from occlusal to extra-occlusal sites with agricultural
development. However, we can only corroborate hypothesis 2 and 3 when taking into consideration dental wear. Thus, we recommend that caries depth and locations should be used with evaluations of dental wear to reconstruct subsistence in ancient populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:75–91, 2010.