Papers by Dr-Shahabuddin Mughal
The educational status of Sindh, Pakistan is not very promising despite the huge expenditure on e... more The educational status of Sindh, Pakistan is not very promising despite the huge expenditure on education, various incentives to the families and children to increase the enrolment in primary education and reduce the dropout rate in primary schools but the goal of universal primary education has not been achieved. In the study, socio-cultural factors and belief are explored using previous research works and their relationship on the dropout rate was assessed using scatter plots and Pearson’s Correlation. The impact of these factors was also measured on the dropout rate in the study area using multiple linear regression. It is found that socio-cultural factors as determined by the study are significantly related to the dropout rate of children in the primary education in study area. To improve the condition of enrolment and dropout rate in Badin socio-cultural factors pertaining to local community must be considered along with the economic factors.
Currently the developed countries have been playing their role in the development of poor countri... more Currently the developed countries have been playing their role in the development of poor countries by initiating various policy programmes as well as capital assistance. The Centre for Global Development has developed a Commitment to Development Index (CDI) for measuring and analysing the commitment of developed countries towards development of poor countries. The CDI consists of seven policy areas but only two areas; aid and technology are taken for this study. Some research studies reveal positive relationship between aid and development while others have found no association between the two. However, most of the studies suggest positive association between the technology and economic development. This paper attempts to investigate the association between aid and economic development as well as technology and economic development in 22 developing countries of South and East Asia.
The primary purpose of this paper is to suggest how to design a reflective piece to evaluate of a... more The primary purpose of this paper is to suggest how to design a reflective piece to evaluate of a public or private programme. In this paper we have taken the public programme, ‘Grant of State Land to Landless Haree1 Programme’ initiated by the Government of Sindh in 2008. The focus of this paper would be on the overall process of evaluation. What a researcher/evaluating team needs to consider, for example, what should the evaluation be for? Who should be evaluated? Who should be involved in the process of evaluation? Why and how they should be involved in process of evaluation? What should be the foreseen problems? What hurdles and risks could be during the evaluation process and how these risks or issues would be mitigated? Whom suggestions and recommendation for? Besides this, this paper will discuss about the suitable methodology applied for the evaluation study, methodological issues, ethical issues, political agenda, and political and personal contingencies.
Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2015
Farmers' decisions to adopt a new agricultural technology depend on complex factors. One of t... more Farmers' decisions to adopt a new agricultural technology depend on complex factors. One of the factors is farmers' perception.Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MINFA) launched an integrated development programme entitled “Crop Maximization Project (CMP)” in 15 districts of the country. A successful extension teaching method can play a vital role to transfer the technology to the farming community. The role of the extension agent cannot be ignored for dissemination of information at field level. This study was conducted six districts of Sindh province comprising Mirpurkhas, Sanghar, Shaheed Benazirabad, Naushahro Feroze, Khairpur and Larkana. Five villages were selected from the each district through multistage sampling techniques. Ten famers were selected from each village. Thus making a sample of 300 farmers was randomly selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used to collect information from the small farmers on their personal and socio-economic c...
Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2015
Rural women consist of more than one quarter of the total world population and world over they ar... more Rural women consist of more than one quarter of the total world population and world over they are an essential and fundamental force in the development processes that are the main factors to socio economic progress. There have been a number of serious obstacles; some of them are social, managerial, production and marketing constraints and difficulties arises both from within and outside differ from enterprise to enterprise.This study was carried out in Sindh province of Pakistan. For the study purpose 3 districts were selected out of the existing 28 districts, from each district five villages were selected through a multistage sampling techniques. Twenty five women entrepreneurs were selected from each village. Thus making a sample of 375 women was randomly selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used to collect information from the women entrepreneurs on their personal and socio-economic characteristics and problem faced by them in entrepreneurship at fiel...
Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2015
Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy in terms of providing food and employment and f... more Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy in terms of providing food and employment and foreign exchange earnings. It contributes 21.9 percent to the gross domestic product (GDP). The importance of sustainable agriculture practices for the farmers to a large extent depends upon the effective sources of information. It is believed that farmers do not often make visit to the research stations, however, they obtained required knowledge from different sources like mass media, fertilizer agency, fellow farmers, radio, television, extension personnel and contact farmers. It is imperative to communicate sustainable agriculture practices to the farmers through various sources of information. This study used a descriptive research methodology the universe of study consisted of six districts of Sindh province comprising Larkana, Naushehro Feroze, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sanghar, Mirpurkhas and Badin. A sample of 180 farmers was randomly selected for the study. A well structured interview...
Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2015
Information and communication knowledge have played a positive role in different segments of the ... more Information and communication knowledge have played a positive role in different segments of the society such as in agriculture education and community development. Now a days most of the farmers are using these technologies especially mobile phones which have given a fruitful result to community. This study was conducted in Sindh Pakistan and survey was conducted in district Jamshoro Taulka Manjhand. Total two hundred respondents were randomly selected for data collection. The study indicated that 90% of the respondents possessed their personal mobile phones and 70% of the respondents utilized mobile for communication with their friends. While 75% of the were of the opinion asked that mobile phones have made their lives easy. However, the results showed that 72% did not contact with any agriculture officer and similarly not contacted with customers to sell their product. Furthermore, study revealed that 74.5% of the respondents replied that they utilize internet on mobile phones. Overall result indicated that farmers are not getting any benefit or increase their income, save time and energy by using the mobile phones in their places.
Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2018
This study seeks to investigate to identify the impact of shortage of water on the tail, end area... more This study seeks to investigate to identify the impact of shortage of water on the tail, end areas of the irrigation network. For the research study 320 respondents were randomly selected and nearly 107 from each category that is large medium and small farmer’s respondent. The sample further stratified respondents from all three reaches that is head middle and tail of main semi-irrigation channels and on the water courses level as well to capture the authentic picture of the water availability on each level of irrigation system. The observation of the study and data collected revealed that farmers on the head reaches benefit more from the supply of water from crop production compare to middle and tail reaches and middle reaches have more opportunity of having better irrigation water compare to the tail reaches however, the more sufferers are the tail reach farmers who get less water from crop production. Consequently, this situation cause’s absolute poverty to the farmers on the tai...
This study seeks to investigate to identify the impact of shortage of water on the tail, end area... more This study seeks to investigate to identify the impact of shortage of water on the tail, end areas of the irrigation network. For the research study 320 respondents were randomly selected and nearly 107 from each category that is large medium and small farmer's respondent. The sample further stratified respondents from all three reaches that is head middle and tail of main semi-irrigation channels and on the water courses level as well to capture the authentic picture of the water availability on each level of irrigation system. The observation of the study and data collected revealed that farmers on the head reaches benefit more from the supply of water from crop production compare to middle and tail reaches and middle reaches have more opportunity of having better irrigation water compare to the tail reaches however, the more sufferers are the tail reach farmers who get less water from crop production. Consequently, this situation cause's absolute poverty to the farmers on the tail reaches of the irrigation water supply channels.
The educational status of Sindh, Pakistan is not very promising despite the huge expenditure on e... more The educational status of Sindh, Pakistan is not very promising despite the huge expenditure on education, various incentives to the families and children to increase the enrolment in primary education and reduce the dropout rate in primary schools but the goal of universal primary education has not been achieved. In the study, socio-cultural factors and belief are explored using previous research works and their relationship on the dropout rate was assessed using scatter plots and Pearson's Correlation. The impact of these factors was also measured on the dropout rate in the study area using multiple linear regression. It is found that socio-cultural factors as determined by the study are significantly related to the dropout rate of children in the primary education in study area. To improve the condition of enrolment and dropout rate in Badin socio-cultural factors pertaining to local community must be considered along with the economic factors. _________________________
Dr Shahabuddin Mughal is presently working with Sindh Development Studies Centre, University of S... more Dr Shahabuddin Mughal is presently working with Sindh Development Studies Centre, University of Sindh @ Jamshoro as Professor. Previously he has been working with Agricultural & Rural Development Research Centre (ARDRC), Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam as a Deputy Director for about five years (1995-2000). He possesses twenty six years' varied experience in research, teaching/training, administration, project / programme management, local economic development plans, local economic empowerment, community mobilization and development consultancy.
He has worked with several international development agencies in their projects including Statistical Data Collection of Coastal Belt of Sindh Province, Benefit Monitoring & Evaluation (BME) Study of Kotri Barrage Rehabilitation Project, BME study of Sindh Forestry Development Project, Govt. of Sindh. These studies were funded by Asian Development Bank. Socio-Economic Impact Evaluation Studies of SCARP North Rohri Pilot Project, and Left Bank (Indus River) Outfall Drain Project (LBOD) in Sindh Province of Pakistan, both studies were funded by World Bank.
Dr. Mughal specializes in local economic development plans, local economic empowerment, community mobilization, participatory communication development, project design, planning and implementation, managing agro-economic surveys, field data management and benefit monitoring and evaluation of development projects. His areas of expertise also include participatory development, socio-economics, institutional development, water resources management, disaster management & preparedness, agricultural economics, urban / rural development.
From the last thirty years, he has been associated as a development specialist with a number of national and international NGOs working in Pakistan such as Indus Consortium, LHDP, SPO, SAWFCO, Takhleeq Foundation, Save the Children UK, European Commission for Humanitarian Office (ECHO), CHIP Switzerland, World Vision, Oxfam UK. Dr. Mughal is well acquainted with the socio-economic issues and urban/rural institutions of Sindh.
This paper reviews some of the studies relevant to the role of women in rural development project... more This paper reviews some of the studies relevant to the role of women in rural development projects. The significance of their participation in the project benefits and on the family welfare. The constraints and barriers that limit their participation and the suggested strategies to involve them in the mainstream of these projects.
Currently the developed countries have been playing their role in the development of poor countri... more Currently the developed countries have been playing their role in the development of poor countries by initiating various policy programmes as well as capital assistance. The Centre
for Global Development has developed a Commitment to Development Index (CDI) for measuring and analyzing the commitment of developed countries towards development of
poor countries. The CDI consists of seven policy areas but only two areas; aid and technology are taken for this study. Some research studies reveal positive relationship between aid and
development while others have found no association between the two. However, most of the studies suggest positive association between the technology and economic development. This paper attempts to investigate the association between aid and economic development as well
as technology and economic development in 22 developing countries of South and East Asia.
The primary purpose of this paper is to suggest how to design a reflective piece to evaluate of a... more The primary purpose of this paper is to suggest how to design a reflective piece to evaluate of a public or private programme. In this paper we have taken the public programme, ‘Grant of
State Land to Landless Haree1 Programme’ initiated by the Government of Sindh in 2008.
The focus of this paper would be on the overall process of evaluation. What a researcher/evaluating team needs to consider, for example, what should the evaluation be for?
Who should be evaluated? Who should be involved in the process of evaluation? Why and how they should be involved in process of evaluation? What should be the foreseen
problems? What hurdles and risks could be during the evaluation process and how these risks or issues would be mitigated? Whom suggestions and recommendation for? Besides this, this paper will discuss about the suitable methodology applied for the evaluation study,
methodological issues, ethical issues, political agenda, and political and personal contingencies.
Farmers' decisions to adopt a new agricultural technology depend on complex factors. One of the f... more Farmers' decisions to adopt a new agricultural technology depend on complex factors. One of the factors is
farmers' perception. Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MINFA) launched an integrated development programme entitled
“Crop Maximization Project (CMP)” in 15 districts of the country. A successful extension teaching method can play a vital
role to transfer the technology to the farming community. The role of the extension agent cannot be ignored for
dissemination of information at field level. This study was conducted six districts of Sindh province comprising
Mirpurkhas, Sanghar, Shaheed Benazirabad, Naushahro Feroze, Khairpur and Larkana. Five villages were selected
from the each district through multistage sampling techniques. Ten famers were selected from each village. Thus making
a sample of 300 farmers was randomly selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used to collect
information from the small farmers on their personal and socio-economic characteristics and effectiveness of extension
teaching method at farm level. Statistical techniques like mean scores and percentages were used to analyze the data.
The findings of the study showed that majority 35% of the small farmers were youth having age group (26-35 years).
About 57% of the respondents were married; majority (40%) maintained a range of small farmers having land 6-12
acres. 45% of the respondents having their primary education. Almost 47% of the respondents were experienced
between 6 to 10 years. The result of the study showed that land management practices and selection and sowing of
certified seed at proper time ranked highest in the order of acquiring knowledge. The majority 80% farmers perceived
farmers field school, while 70% farmers were identified result demonstration, 68% farmers through method
demonstration as the extension teaching method used by extension personnel. It is recommended that farmers should
be trained through farmer’s field school for the adoption of the technology at field level. Crop maximization project should
be extended to other districts of Sindh province and knowledge of the farmers should be enhanced through extension
teaching methods for crop productivity enhancement and better livelihood for the farming community.
Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy in terms of providing food and employment and f... more Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy in terms of providing food and employment and foreign
exchange earnings. It contributes 21.9 percent to the gross domestic product (GDP). The importance of sustainable
agriculture practices for the farmers to a large extent depends upon the effective sources of information. It is believed
that farmers do not often make visit to the research stations, however, they obtained required knowledge from different
sources like mass media, fertilizer agency, fellow farmers, radio, television, extension personnel and contact farmers. It
is imperative to communicate sustainable agriculture practices to the farmers through various sources of information.
This study used a descriptive research methodology the universe of study consisted of six districts of Sindh province
comprising Larkana, Naushehro Feroze, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sanghar, Mirpurkhas and Badin. A sample of 180
farmers was randomly selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used to collect information from
the small farmers on their personal and socio-economic characteristics and sources of information. The study found that about 36.11% of the respondents were youth having age group (26-35 years), while 66.67% of the respondents were
married, however a large percentage (44.44%) maintained a range of small farmers having land 13-25 acres of land and
66.67% of the respondents having their primary education. In addition 66.67% of the respondents having farming
experience between 6 to 10 years. The results of the study showed that the most frequently used sources of information
about Sustainable Agriculture were Television Broadcast, Neighboring Farmer, Fertilizer and Herbicide Dealer and Seed
Dealer, while slightly over half the farmers reported using information about Sustainable Agriculture from Public
Extension Agent, Private Extension Agent, Research Workers, Farm Magazine and Publications, Local Newspapers,
Relatives and Extension Materials. On the basis of the results and conclusion drawn from the study it is recommended
that Government should establish farmers radio and television station for dissemination of the agricultural programs for
sustainable agriculture in Sindh province. Sustainable agriculture programs should be broadcast through television and radio programs. Neighbor farmers and fertilizer herbicide dealers should be educated for sustainable agriculture
practices.
Information and communication knowledge have played a positive role in different segments of the ... more Information and communication knowledge have played a positive role in different segments of the society
such as in agriculture education and community development. Now a days most of the farmers are using these
technologies especially mobile phones which have given a fruitful result to community. This study was conducted in
Sindh Pakistan and survey was conducted in district Jamshoro Taulka Manjhand. Total two hundred respondents were
randomly selected for data collection. The study indicated that 90% of the respondents possessed their personal mobile
phones and 70% of the respondents utilized mobile for communication with their friends. While 75% of the were of the
opinion asked that mobile phones have made their lives easy. However, the results showed that 72% did not contact
with any agriculture officer and similarly not contacted with customers to sell their product. Furthermore, study revealed
that 74.5% of the respondents replied that they utilize internet on mobile phones. Overall result indicated that farmers are
not getting any benefit or increase their income, save time and energy by using the mobile phones in their places.
Rural women consist of more than one quarter of the total world population and world over they ar... more Rural women consist of more than one quarter of the total world population and world over they are an essential and fundamental force in the development processes that are the main factors to socio economic progress.
There have been a number of serious obstacles; some of them are social, managerial, production and marketing constraints and difficulties arises both from within and outside differ from enterprise to enterprise. This study was carried out in Sindh province of Pakistan. For the study purpose 3 districts were selected out of the existing 28 districts, from each district five villages were selected through a multistage sampling techniques. Twenty five women entrepreneurs were selected from each village. Thus making a sample of 375 women was randomly selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used to collect information from the women entrepreneurs on their personal and socio-economic characteristics and problem faced by them in entrepreneurship at field level. Statistical techniques like mean scores and percentages were used to analyze the data. Majority of 37.53% of the respondents were within 36-45 years of age. Majority of respondents were single (36%) among these were married (25%) and those who were divorced (17%), while 16% were Widow. 47% women’s entrepreneurs had 6-10 family members, while 40.84% were 1-5 household size. Majority of the respondents had primary education (44%), while only 22.51% had no formal education. Forty four percent (44.16%) of the respondents had >5 years of entrepreneur experience, 40.83% had 6-10 years. Majority (28%) expressed that lack of family cooperation is causing a problem. However 25.33% of
respondents reported lack of reorganization of women’s work in the society as a social problem. Almost 40% of the
respondents faced lack of credit facilities, while 34.67% of the respondents perceived that complex loaning procedure is
a major problem to manage the business. About 32% respondents perceived that inaccessibility of place of work, while 28% respondents perceived as a lack of marketing facility was a major problem. It was recommended that the need for
providing family cooperation and women’s involved in entrepreneurs may be recognized in all stage to promote
entrepreneurship at field level. Adequate training must be given to the women entrepreneurship at field level and
guidance at all stages can be effective ways to cope the problems of women entrepreneurs that hinders in
entrepreneurship The major problems of micro credit, complex loan procedure, lack of marketing, transport facilities
needs to be improved for the successful enterprise development in the province and an appropriate marketing facilities and micro credits through public private organizations may be extended to the rural women for their successful business.
Public policy is defined as the process by which rural communities are made stronger in terms of ... more Public policy is defined as the process by which rural communities are made stronger in terms of accessing over production units necessary for economic development and prosperity. It is also meant for devising strategies for promoting public sector development framework. The public policy has to be purposes and constant, it must be based on short term and long term outputs directed for resolving rural communities issues related with development sectors such as agriculture, infrastructure, education, health and etc. The public policy is also terms as government response to its legitimate stakeholder particularly citizen and voters. The policy ideally aims at taking down grievances and appropriately come with solutions. The paper investigates about the state of response in terms of priorities set by the public sector in respect of policies in past 50 years for the development of coastal belt.
Drafts by Dr-Shahabuddin Mughal
Mr Shahab Mughal is presently working with Sindh Development Studies Centre, University of Sindh ... more Mr Shahab Mughal is presently working with Sindh Development Studies Centre, University of Sindh @ Jamshoro as Professor. Previously he has been working with Agricultural & Rural Development Research Centre (ARDRC), Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam as a Deputy Director for about five years (1995-2000). He possesses seventeen years' varied experience in research, teaching/training, administration, project / programme management, and development consultancy.
He has worked with several international development agencies in their projects including Statistical Data Collection of Coastal Belt of Sindh Province, Benefit Monitoring & Evaluation (BME) Study of Kotri Barrage Rehabilitation Project, BME study of Sindh Forestry Development Project, Govt. of Sindh. These studies were funded by Asian Development Bank. Socio-Economic Impact Evaluation Studies of SCARP North Rohri Pilot Project, and Left Bank (Indus River) Outfall Drain Project (LBOD) in Sindh Province of Pakistan, both studies were funded by World Bank.
Mr. MUGHAL specializes in participatory communication development, project design, planning and implementation, managing agro-economic surveys, field data management and benefit monitoring and evaluation of development projects. His areas of expertise also include participatory development, socio-economics, institutional development, water resources management, disaster management & preparedness, agricultural economics, urban / rural development.
From the last seventeen years, he has been associated as a development specialist with a number of national and international NGOs working in Pakistan such as SPO, SAWFCO, Takhleeq Foundation, Save the Children UK, European Commission for Humanitarian Office (ECHO), CHIP Switzerland, World Vision, Oxfam UK. Mr. MUGHAL is well acquainted with the socio-economic issues and urban/rural institutions of Sindh.
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Papers by Dr-Shahabuddin Mughal
He has worked with several international development agencies in their projects including Statistical Data Collection of Coastal Belt of Sindh Province, Benefit Monitoring & Evaluation (BME) Study of Kotri Barrage Rehabilitation Project, BME study of Sindh Forestry Development Project, Govt. of Sindh. These studies were funded by Asian Development Bank. Socio-Economic Impact Evaluation Studies of SCARP North Rohri Pilot Project, and Left Bank (Indus River) Outfall Drain Project (LBOD) in Sindh Province of Pakistan, both studies were funded by World Bank.
Dr. Mughal specializes in local economic development plans, local economic empowerment, community mobilization, participatory communication development, project design, planning and implementation, managing agro-economic surveys, field data management and benefit monitoring and evaluation of development projects. His areas of expertise also include participatory development, socio-economics, institutional development, water resources management, disaster management & preparedness, agricultural economics, urban / rural development.
From the last thirty years, he has been associated as a development specialist with a number of national and international NGOs working in Pakistan such as Indus Consortium, LHDP, SPO, SAWFCO, Takhleeq Foundation, Save the Children UK, European Commission for Humanitarian Office (ECHO), CHIP Switzerland, World Vision, Oxfam UK. Dr. Mughal is well acquainted with the socio-economic issues and urban/rural institutions of Sindh.
for Global Development has developed a Commitment to Development Index (CDI) for measuring and analyzing the commitment of developed countries towards development of
poor countries. The CDI consists of seven policy areas but only two areas; aid and technology are taken for this study. Some research studies reveal positive relationship between aid and
development while others have found no association between the two. However, most of the studies suggest positive association between the technology and economic development. This paper attempts to investigate the association between aid and economic development as well
as technology and economic development in 22 developing countries of South and East Asia.
State Land to Landless Haree1 Programme’ initiated by the Government of Sindh in 2008.
The focus of this paper would be on the overall process of evaluation. What a researcher/evaluating team needs to consider, for example, what should the evaluation be for?
Who should be evaluated? Who should be involved in the process of evaluation? Why and how they should be involved in process of evaluation? What should be the foreseen
problems? What hurdles and risks could be during the evaluation process and how these risks or issues would be mitigated? Whom suggestions and recommendation for? Besides this, this paper will discuss about the suitable methodology applied for the evaluation study,
methodological issues, ethical issues, political agenda, and political and personal contingencies.
farmers' perception. Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MINFA) launched an integrated development programme entitled
“Crop Maximization Project (CMP)” in 15 districts of the country. A successful extension teaching method can play a vital
role to transfer the technology to the farming community. The role of the extension agent cannot be ignored for
dissemination of information at field level. This study was conducted six districts of Sindh province comprising
Mirpurkhas, Sanghar, Shaheed Benazirabad, Naushahro Feroze, Khairpur and Larkana. Five villages were selected
from the each district through multistage sampling techniques. Ten famers were selected from each village. Thus making
a sample of 300 farmers was randomly selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used to collect
information from the small farmers on their personal and socio-economic characteristics and effectiveness of extension
teaching method at farm level. Statistical techniques like mean scores and percentages were used to analyze the data.
The findings of the study showed that majority 35% of the small farmers were youth having age group (26-35 years).
About 57% of the respondents were married; majority (40%) maintained a range of small farmers having land 6-12
acres. 45% of the respondents having their primary education. Almost 47% of the respondents were experienced
between 6 to 10 years. The result of the study showed that land management practices and selection and sowing of
certified seed at proper time ranked highest in the order of acquiring knowledge. The majority 80% farmers perceived
farmers field school, while 70% farmers were identified result demonstration, 68% farmers through method
demonstration as the extension teaching method used by extension personnel. It is recommended that farmers should
be trained through farmer’s field school for the adoption of the technology at field level. Crop maximization project should
be extended to other districts of Sindh province and knowledge of the farmers should be enhanced through extension
teaching methods for crop productivity enhancement and better livelihood for the farming community.
exchange earnings. It contributes 21.9 percent to the gross domestic product (GDP). The importance of sustainable
agriculture practices for the farmers to a large extent depends upon the effective sources of information. It is believed
that farmers do not often make visit to the research stations, however, they obtained required knowledge from different
sources like mass media, fertilizer agency, fellow farmers, radio, television, extension personnel and contact farmers. It
is imperative to communicate sustainable agriculture practices to the farmers through various sources of information.
This study used a descriptive research methodology the universe of study consisted of six districts of Sindh province
comprising Larkana, Naushehro Feroze, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sanghar, Mirpurkhas and Badin. A sample of 180
farmers was randomly selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used to collect information from
the small farmers on their personal and socio-economic characteristics and sources of information. The study found that about 36.11% of the respondents were youth having age group (26-35 years), while 66.67% of the respondents were
married, however a large percentage (44.44%) maintained a range of small farmers having land 13-25 acres of land and
66.67% of the respondents having their primary education. In addition 66.67% of the respondents having farming
experience between 6 to 10 years. The results of the study showed that the most frequently used sources of information
about Sustainable Agriculture were Television Broadcast, Neighboring Farmer, Fertilizer and Herbicide Dealer and Seed
Dealer, while slightly over half the farmers reported using information about Sustainable Agriculture from Public
Extension Agent, Private Extension Agent, Research Workers, Farm Magazine and Publications, Local Newspapers,
Relatives and Extension Materials. On the basis of the results and conclusion drawn from the study it is recommended
that Government should establish farmers radio and television station for dissemination of the agricultural programs for
sustainable agriculture in Sindh province. Sustainable agriculture programs should be broadcast through television and radio programs. Neighbor farmers and fertilizer herbicide dealers should be educated for sustainable agriculture
practices.
such as in agriculture education and community development. Now a days most of the farmers are using these
technologies especially mobile phones which have given a fruitful result to community. This study was conducted in
Sindh Pakistan and survey was conducted in district Jamshoro Taulka Manjhand. Total two hundred respondents were
randomly selected for data collection. The study indicated that 90% of the respondents possessed their personal mobile
phones and 70% of the respondents utilized mobile for communication with their friends. While 75% of the were of the
opinion asked that mobile phones have made their lives easy. However, the results showed that 72% did not contact
with any agriculture officer and similarly not contacted with customers to sell their product. Furthermore, study revealed
that 74.5% of the respondents replied that they utilize internet on mobile phones. Overall result indicated that farmers are
not getting any benefit or increase their income, save time and energy by using the mobile phones in their places.
There have been a number of serious obstacles; some of them are social, managerial, production and marketing constraints and difficulties arises both from within and outside differ from enterprise to enterprise. This study was carried out in Sindh province of Pakistan. For the study purpose 3 districts were selected out of the existing 28 districts, from each district five villages were selected through a multistage sampling techniques. Twenty five women entrepreneurs were selected from each village. Thus making a sample of 375 women was randomly selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used to collect information from the women entrepreneurs on their personal and socio-economic characteristics and problem faced by them in entrepreneurship at field level. Statistical techniques like mean scores and percentages were used to analyze the data. Majority of 37.53% of the respondents were within 36-45 years of age. Majority of respondents were single (36%) among these were married (25%) and those who were divorced (17%), while 16% were Widow. 47% women’s entrepreneurs had 6-10 family members, while 40.84% were 1-5 household size. Majority of the respondents had primary education (44%), while only 22.51% had no formal education. Forty four percent (44.16%) of the respondents had >5 years of entrepreneur experience, 40.83% had 6-10 years. Majority (28%) expressed that lack of family cooperation is causing a problem. However 25.33% of
respondents reported lack of reorganization of women’s work in the society as a social problem. Almost 40% of the
respondents faced lack of credit facilities, while 34.67% of the respondents perceived that complex loaning procedure is
a major problem to manage the business. About 32% respondents perceived that inaccessibility of place of work, while 28% respondents perceived as a lack of marketing facility was a major problem. It was recommended that the need for
providing family cooperation and women’s involved in entrepreneurs may be recognized in all stage to promote
entrepreneurship at field level. Adequate training must be given to the women entrepreneurship at field level and
guidance at all stages can be effective ways to cope the problems of women entrepreneurs that hinders in
entrepreneurship The major problems of micro credit, complex loan procedure, lack of marketing, transport facilities
needs to be improved for the successful enterprise development in the province and an appropriate marketing facilities and micro credits through public private organizations may be extended to the rural women for their successful business.
Drafts by Dr-Shahabuddin Mughal
He has worked with several international development agencies in their projects including Statistical Data Collection of Coastal Belt of Sindh Province, Benefit Monitoring & Evaluation (BME) Study of Kotri Barrage Rehabilitation Project, BME study of Sindh Forestry Development Project, Govt. of Sindh. These studies were funded by Asian Development Bank. Socio-Economic Impact Evaluation Studies of SCARP North Rohri Pilot Project, and Left Bank (Indus River) Outfall Drain Project (LBOD) in Sindh Province of Pakistan, both studies were funded by World Bank.
Mr. MUGHAL specializes in participatory communication development, project design, planning and implementation, managing agro-economic surveys, field data management and benefit monitoring and evaluation of development projects. His areas of expertise also include participatory development, socio-economics, institutional development, water resources management, disaster management & preparedness, agricultural economics, urban / rural development.
From the last seventeen years, he has been associated as a development specialist with a number of national and international NGOs working in Pakistan such as SPO, SAWFCO, Takhleeq Foundation, Save the Children UK, European Commission for Humanitarian Office (ECHO), CHIP Switzerland, World Vision, Oxfam UK. Mr. MUGHAL is well acquainted with the socio-economic issues and urban/rural institutions of Sindh.
He has worked with several international development agencies in their projects including Statistical Data Collection of Coastal Belt of Sindh Province, Benefit Monitoring & Evaluation (BME) Study of Kotri Barrage Rehabilitation Project, BME study of Sindh Forestry Development Project, Govt. of Sindh. These studies were funded by Asian Development Bank. Socio-Economic Impact Evaluation Studies of SCARP North Rohri Pilot Project, and Left Bank (Indus River) Outfall Drain Project (LBOD) in Sindh Province of Pakistan, both studies were funded by World Bank.
Dr. Mughal specializes in local economic development plans, local economic empowerment, community mobilization, participatory communication development, project design, planning and implementation, managing agro-economic surveys, field data management and benefit monitoring and evaluation of development projects. His areas of expertise also include participatory development, socio-economics, institutional development, water resources management, disaster management & preparedness, agricultural economics, urban / rural development.
From the last thirty years, he has been associated as a development specialist with a number of national and international NGOs working in Pakistan such as Indus Consortium, LHDP, SPO, SAWFCO, Takhleeq Foundation, Save the Children UK, European Commission for Humanitarian Office (ECHO), CHIP Switzerland, World Vision, Oxfam UK. Dr. Mughal is well acquainted with the socio-economic issues and urban/rural institutions of Sindh.
for Global Development has developed a Commitment to Development Index (CDI) for measuring and analyzing the commitment of developed countries towards development of
poor countries. The CDI consists of seven policy areas but only two areas; aid and technology are taken for this study. Some research studies reveal positive relationship between aid and
development while others have found no association between the two. However, most of the studies suggest positive association between the technology and economic development. This paper attempts to investigate the association between aid and economic development as well
as technology and economic development in 22 developing countries of South and East Asia.
State Land to Landless Haree1 Programme’ initiated by the Government of Sindh in 2008.
The focus of this paper would be on the overall process of evaluation. What a researcher/evaluating team needs to consider, for example, what should the evaluation be for?
Who should be evaluated? Who should be involved in the process of evaluation? Why and how they should be involved in process of evaluation? What should be the foreseen
problems? What hurdles and risks could be during the evaluation process and how these risks or issues would be mitigated? Whom suggestions and recommendation for? Besides this, this paper will discuss about the suitable methodology applied for the evaluation study,
methodological issues, ethical issues, political agenda, and political and personal contingencies.
farmers' perception. Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MINFA) launched an integrated development programme entitled
“Crop Maximization Project (CMP)” in 15 districts of the country. A successful extension teaching method can play a vital
role to transfer the technology to the farming community. The role of the extension agent cannot be ignored for
dissemination of information at field level. This study was conducted six districts of Sindh province comprising
Mirpurkhas, Sanghar, Shaheed Benazirabad, Naushahro Feroze, Khairpur and Larkana. Five villages were selected
from the each district through multistage sampling techniques. Ten famers were selected from each village. Thus making
a sample of 300 farmers was randomly selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used to collect
information from the small farmers on their personal and socio-economic characteristics and effectiveness of extension
teaching method at farm level. Statistical techniques like mean scores and percentages were used to analyze the data.
The findings of the study showed that majority 35% of the small farmers were youth having age group (26-35 years).
About 57% of the respondents were married; majority (40%) maintained a range of small farmers having land 6-12
acres. 45% of the respondents having their primary education. Almost 47% of the respondents were experienced
between 6 to 10 years. The result of the study showed that land management practices and selection and sowing of
certified seed at proper time ranked highest in the order of acquiring knowledge. The majority 80% farmers perceived
farmers field school, while 70% farmers were identified result demonstration, 68% farmers through method
demonstration as the extension teaching method used by extension personnel. It is recommended that farmers should
be trained through farmer’s field school for the adoption of the technology at field level. Crop maximization project should
be extended to other districts of Sindh province and knowledge of the farmers should be enhanced through extension
teaching methods for crop productivity enhancement and better livelihood for the farming community.
exchange earnings. It contributes 21.9 percent to the gross domestic product (GDP). The importance of sustainable
agriculture practices for the farmers to a large extent depends upon the effective sources of information. It is believed
that farmers do not often make visit to the research stations, however, they obtained required knowledge from different
sources like mass media, fertilizer agency, fellow farmers, radio, television, extension personnel and contact farmers. It
is imperative to communicate sustainable agriculture practices to the farmers through various sources of information.
This study used a descriptive research methodology the universe of study consisted of six districts of Sindh province
comprising Larkana, Naushehro Feroze, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sanghar, Mirpurkhas and Badin. A sample of 180
farmers was randomly selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used to collect information from
the small farmers on their personal and socio-economic characteristics and sources of information. The study found that about 36.11% of the respondents were youth having age group (26-35 years), while 66.67% of the respondents were
married, however a large percentage (44.44%) maintained a range of small farmers having land 13-25 acres of land and
66.67% of the respondents having their primary education. In addition 66.67% of the respondents having farming
experience between 6 to 10 years. The results of the study showed that the most frequently used sources of information
about Sustainable Agriculture were Television Broadcast, Neighboring Farmer, Fertilizer and Herbicide Dealer and Seed
Dealer, while slightly over half the farmers reported using information about Sustainable Agriculture from Public
Extension Agent, Private Extension Agent, Research Workers, Farm Magazine and Publications, Local Newspapers,
Relatives and Extension Materials. On the basis of the results and conclusion drawn from the study it is recommended
that Government should establish farmers radio and television station for dissemination of the agricultural programs for
sustainable agriculture in Sindh province. Sustainable agriculture programs should be broadcast through television and radio programs. Neighbor farmers and fertilizer herbicide dealers should be educated for sustainable agriculture
practices.
such as in agriculture education and community development. Now a days most of the farmers are using these
technologies especially mobile phones which have given a fruitful result to community. This study was conducted in
Sindh Pakistan and survey was conducted in district Jamshoro Taulka Manjhand. Total two hundred respondents were
randomly selected for data collection. The study indicated that 90% of the respondents possessed their personal mobile
phones and 70% of the respondents utilized mobile for communication with their friends. While 75% of the were of the
opinion asked that mobile phones have made their lives easy. However, the results showed that 72% did not contact
with any agriculture officer and similarly not contacted with customers to sell their product. Furthermore, study revealed
that 74.5% of the respondents replied that they utilize internet on mobile phones. Overall result indicated that farmers are
not getting any benefit or increase their income, save time and energy by using the mobile phones in their places.
There have been a number of serious obstacles; some of them are social, managerial, production and marketing constraints and difficulties arises both from within and outside differ from enterprise to enterprise. This study was carried out in Sindh province of Pakistan. For the study purpose 3 districts were selected out of the existing 28 districts, from each district five villages were selected through a multistage sampling techniques. Twenty five women entrepreneurs were selected from each village. Thus making a sample of 375 women was randomly selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used to collect information from the women entrepreneurs on their personal and socio-economic characteristics and problem faced by them in entrepreneurship at field level. Statistical techniques like mean scores and percentages were used to analyze the data. Majority of 37.53% of the respondents were within 36-45 years of age. Majority of respondents were single (36%) among these were married (25%) and those who were divorced (17%), while 16% were Widow. 47% women’s entrepreneurs had 6-10 family members, while 40.84% were 1-5 household size. Majority of the respondents had primary education (44%), while only 22.51% had no formal education. Forty four percent (44.16%) of the respondents had >5 years of entrepreneur experience, 40.83% had 6-10 years. Majority (28%) expressed that lack of family cooperation is causing a problem. However 25.33% of
respondents reported lack of reorganization of women’s work in the society as a social problem. Almost 40% of the
respondents faced lack of credit facilities, while 34.67% of the respondents perceived that complex loaning procedure is
a major problem to manage the business. About 32% respondents perceived that inaccessibility of place of work, while 28% respondents perceived as a lack of marketing facility was a major problem. It was recommended that the need for
providing family cooperation and women’s involved in entrepreneurs may be recognized in all stage to promote
entrepreneurship at field level. Adequate training must be given to the women entrepreneurship at field level and
guidance at all stages can be effective ways to cope the problems of women entrepreneurs that hinders in
entrepreneurship The major problems of micro credit, complex loan procedure, lack of marketing, transport facilities
needs to be improved for the successful enterprise development in the province and an appropriate marketing facilities and micro credits through public private organizations may be extended to the rural women for their successful business.
He has worked with several international development agencies in their projects including Statistical Data Collection of Coastal Belt of Sindh Province, Benefit Monitoring & Evaluation (BME) Study of Kotri Barrage Rehabilitation Project, BME study of Sindh Forestry Development Project, Govt. of Sindh. These studies were funded by Asian Development Bank. Socio-Economic Impact Evaluation Studies of SCARP North Rohri Pilot Project, and Left Bank (Indus River) Outfall Drain Project (LBOD) in Sindh Province of Pakistan, both studies were funded by World Bank.
Mr. MUGHAL specializes in participatory communication development, project design, planning and implementation, managing agro-economic surveys, field data management and benefit monitoring and evaluation of development projects. His areas of expertise also include participatory development, socio-economics, institutional development, water resources management, disaster management & preparedness, agricultural economics, urban / rural development.
From the last seventeen years, he has been associated as a development specialist with a number of national and international NGOs working in Pakistan such as SPO, SAWFCO, Takhleeq Foundation, Save the Children UK, European Commission for Humanitarian Office (ECHO), CHIP Switzerland, World Vision, Oxfam UK. Mr. MUGHAL is well acquainted with the socio-economic issues and urban/rural institutions of Sindh.