Drafts by سید نورالدین رفیعی طباطبائی نائینی
Crossref, 2020
مختصری درباب هوشیاری و آگاهی
Papers by سید نورالدین رفیعی طباطبائی نائینی
crossref.org, 2020
Consciousness is currently a thriving area of research in psychology and neuroscience. While this... more Consciousness is currently a thriving area of research in psychology and neuroscience. While this is often attributed to events that took place in the early 1990s, consciousness studies today are a continuation of research that started in the late 19th century and that continued throughout the 20th century. From the beginning, the effort built on studies of animals to reveal basic principles of brain organization and function, and of human patients to gain clues about consciousness itself. Particularly important and our focus here is research in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s involving three groups of patients-amnesia, split brain, and blindsight. Across all three groups, a similar pattern of results was found-the patients could respond appropriately to stimuli that they denied seeing (or in the case of amnesiacs, having seen before). These studies paved the way for the current wave of research on consciousness. The field is, in fact, still grappling with the implications of the findings showing that the ability to consciously know and report the identity of a visual stimulus can be dissociated in the brain from the mechanisms that underlie the ability to behave in a meaningful way to the same stimulus. consciousness | unconscious | amnesia | blindsight | split brain Figuring out how our brains make our conscious experiences is one of the most interesting and challenging scientific topics today. Clarification of the mechanisms involved is crucial for a deeper understanding of human nature and the problems that we face as individuals and societies. Knowledge of the history of current issues about consciousness places us in a better position to make scientific progress on this topic. Despite the central importance of consciousness to human mental life, scientific psychology has had a complex relationship with it (1-3). Many early psychologists were introspectionists and prized consciousness. Behaviorists later banned it from the field. Cognitivists, upon dethroning behaviorism, focused on information processing rather than subjective experience, keeping consciousness within reach but seldom touching it. Today, the scientific study of consciousness is a vibrant area of research in psychology and neurosci-ence. Influential papers by Francis Crick and Christof Koch in the early 1990s (4-6) are often credited for instigating this turn of events (7-10). In particular, they are credited for having defined an empirical approach to consciousness-by focusing on visual awareness, progress could be made on consciousness since so much is known about the brain's visual system.* The Crick and Koch papers were indeed important for stimulating enthusiasm for research on consciousness and the brain in mainstream psychology and neuroscience. However, this was hardly the beginning
Teaching Documents by سید نورالدین رفیعی طباطبائی نائینی
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Drafts by سید نورالدین رفیعی طباطبائی نائینی
Papers by سید نورالدین رفیعی طباطبائی نائینی
Teaching Documents by سید نورالدین رفیعی طباطبائی نائینی