Using Y-choice bioassays for testing the preference for two artificial trails, made from sternal ... more Using Y-choice bioassays for testing the preference for two artificial trails, made from sternal gland extracts from workers and / or soldiers, we demonstrate the existence of caste, colony and species specificity of the pheromone trail following response of the sympatric termite species Nasutitermes ephratae and N. corniger. The results suggest that both quantitative and qualitative differences in the trail pheromone are used by the termites to discriminate among conspecific and non-specific trails. The ecological role of trail following specificity is discussed. Termites live in colonies that exhibit a well-marked division of labor associated with presence of several distinctive castes. The presence and utilization of trail pheromones in termites for orientation and recruitment during foraging is widely acknowledged (Lüscher
Most termites exploit several different stable resources simultaneously using chemical mass recru... more Most termites exploit several different stable resources simultaneously using chemical mass recruitment systems to exploit new food sources. In the light of the decision-making system for recruitment (Democratic and Autocratic systems) described for ant species, this work studied the mass-recruitment system of the arboreal carton nest building termites N. ephratae and N. corniger. Our results show that these two species display recruiting dynamics that differ markedly from what was defined as “Democratic ” decision making, conforming most closely to the ant’s “Autocratic ” system, where scouts control the absolute amount of pheromone deposited on a trail according to the quantity and quality of the food source. These termites, however, seem to have additional features, making the regulation of the dynamics of the recruitment process much more complex than that described for ants. This work represents the first observations on the decisionmaking system used by termite societies in ch...
Ž. This article deals with the scientific performance of the European Union EU in what is now per... more Ž. This article deals with the scientific performance of the European Union EU in what is now perhaps the most important Ž. enabling technology worldwide: information and communication technologies ICT. The performance measures are based on the stock and flows of scientific knowledge embodied in research papers published in international scientific and technical journals. Quantitative data derived from these papers are used to examine and compare the performance of the EU science base with the US and Japan-two leading scientific nations in ICT research, and major competitors in ICT industries. These bibliometric indicators characterize and compare these three ICT research bases in terms of research output, international scientific quality, transnational knowledge flows, and domestic and international cooperation patterns. The analysis focuses on the key issue whether or not these data bear evidence of the perceived 'European Paradox' which is, among others, characterized by a strong EU public sector science base coupled to a relatively weak R & D performance of EU firms. The findings provide empirical confirmation for the existence of this Paradox in both ICT research domains under investigation: computers and data processing, and telecommunications.
All termites secrete trail pheromones from their sternal gland, whereas ants use a variety of gla... more All termites secrete trail pheromones from their sternal gland, whereas ants use a variety of glands for this purpose. This and the diversity of chemical compounds that serve as trail pheromones among ants, and the uniformity of chemicals among termite trails, suggest a different evolutionary historical dynamics for the development of chemical mass recruitment in both taxa. Termites in addition show pheromonal parsimony. This suggest a single evolutionary origin of pheromone trails in Isoptera, whereas chemical mass recruitment among Formicidae seems to have evolved many times and in different ways. Despite these very different evolutionary histories, both taxa evolved chemical recruitment systems involving attractants and orientation signals, and at least two divergent decision making system for recruitment. This evolutionary analogy suggests that chemical mass recruitment is constraint by fundamental physical dynamic laws. Artificial intelligence including "mass intelligence&...
... El muestreo se realizó entre los meses de agosto de 1994 y abril 1995, y consistió en escoger... more ... El muestreo se realizó entre los meses de agosto de 1994 y abril 1995, y consistió en escoger 50 tomates al azar, verificando presencia o ... del 30 de noviembre al 19 de diciembre de 1994, cuando el tomate estaba empalado, se colocaron las trampas a dos alturas: 1 mya 50 cm ...
Using Y-choice bioassays for testing the preference for two artificial trails, made from sternal ... more Using Y-choice bioassays for testing the preference for two artificial trails, made from sternal gland extracts from workers and/ or soldiers, we demonstrate the existence of caste, colony and species specificity of the pheromone trail following response of the sympatric termite species Nasutitermes ephratae and N. corniger. The results suggest that both quantitative and qualitative differences in the trail pheromone are used by the termites to discriminate among conspecific and non-specific trails. The ecological role of trail following specificity is discussed.
Most termites use several different stable resources simultaneously using chemical mass recruitme... more Most termites use several different stable resources simultaneously using chemical mass recruitment systems to exploit new food sources. In the light of the decision-making system for recruitment (Democratic and Autocratic systems) described for ant species, this work studied the mass-recruitment system of the arboreal carton nest building termites N. ephratae and N. comiger. Our results show that these two species display recruiting dynamics that differ markedly from what was defined as "Democratic" decision making, conforming most closely to the ant's "Autocratic" system, where scouts control the absolute amount of pheromone deposited on a trail according to the quantity and quality of the food source. These termites, however, seem to have additional features, making the regulation of the dynamics of the recruitment process much more complex than that described for ants. This work represents the first observations on the decision-making system used by termi...
Dentispicotermes Emerson, 1950 comprises five species confined to the Neotropics. We report the p... more Dentispicotermes Emerson, 1950 comprises five species confined to the Neotropics. We report the presence of D. cupiporanga Bandeira & Cancello, 1992 in northern Venezuela and two undescribed congeners from Bolivia and Paraguay. This soil-feeding termite genus is rare and is characterized by a diagnostic enteric valve armature that we describe for the first time.
Most termites exploit several different stable resources simultaneously using chemical mass recru... more Most termites exploit several different stable resources simultaneously using chemical mass recruitment systems to exploit new food sources. In the light of the decision-making system for recruitment (Democratic and Autocratic systems) described for ant species, this work studied the mass-recruitment system of the arboreal carton nest building termites N. ephratae and N. corniger. Our results show that these two species display recruiting dynamics that differ markedly from what was defined as "Democratic" decision making, conforming most closely to the ant's "Autocratic" system, where scouts control the absolute amount of pheromone deposited on a trail according to the quantity and quality of the food source. These termites, however, seem to have additional features, making the regulation of the dynamics of the recruitment process much more complex than that described for ants. This work represents the first observations on the decisionmaking system used by termite societies in chemical mass recruitment to a new food source.
Most termites exploit several different stable resources simulta- neously using chemical mass rec... more Most termites exploit several different stable resources simulta- neously using chemical mass recruitment systems to exploit new food sources. In the light of the decision-making system for recruitment (Democratic and Autocratic systems) described for ant species, this work studied the mass-recruitment system of the arboreal carton nest building termites N. ephratae and N. corniger. Our results show that these two
Se determinó que el ciclo de vida de (Liriomyza sativae) bajo condiciones de laboratorio en folio... more Se determinó que el ciclo de vida de (Liriomyza sativae) bajo condiciones de laboratorio en foliolos de tomate, dura 17.74 días a 25.15 °C. La fase de huevo fue de 2,52, la de larva 3.96 días, la de pupa 9.41 días y el adulto duró 2.01 días. Se observaron 3 instares larvales. Se determinó que la tasa de fecundidad fue de 11.79 huevos ± 8.25 por hembra y el porcentaje de fertilidad de 69.79. Se determinó la incidencia de L. sativae en tres épocas del año (octubre-diciembre de 1987, marzo-mayo y julio-septiembre de 1986) y se encontó que la mayor población de larvas vivas del pasador en el campo fue en la época del 28 de octubre al 26 de diciembre de 1985 y el mayor número de serpentinas en la época del 12 de marzo al 7 de mayo de 1986 en relación a sus enemigos naturales se encontraron 4 familias de Hymenoptera: Eulophidae (Chrysonotomya sp., Closterocerus sp., Diglypus sp., Chrysocaris sp., y Onphales sp.); Pteromalidae (Haltioptera sp.); Eucoilidae (Cothonaspis sp.) y Bracomidae (O...
Using Y-choice bioassays for testing the preference for two artificial trails, made from sternal ... more Using Y-choice bioassays for testing the preference for two artificial trails, made from sternal gland extracts from workers and / or soldiers, we demonstrate the existence of caste, colony and species specificity of the pheromone trail following response of the sympatric termite species Nasutitermes ephratae and N. corniger. The results suggest that both quantitative and qualitative differences in the trail pheromone are used by the termites to discriminate among conspecific and non-specific trails. The ecological role of trail following specificity is discussed. Termites live in colonies that exhibit a well-marked division of labor associated with presence of several distinctive castes. The presence and utilization of trail pheromones in termites for orientation and recruitment during foraging is widely acknowledged (Lüscher
Most termites exploit several different stable resources simultaneously using chemical mass recru... more Most termites exploit several different stable resources simultaneously using chemical mass recruitment systems to exploit new food sources. In the light of the decision-making system for recruitment (Democratic and Autocratic systems) described for ant species, this work studied the mass-recruitment system of the arboreal carton nest building termites N. ephratae and N. corniger. Our results show that these two species display recruiting dynamics that differ markedly from what was defined as “Democratic ” decision making, conforming most closely to the ant’s “Autocratic ” system, where scouts control the absolute amount of pheromone deposited on a trail according to the quantity and quality of the food source. These termites, however, seem to have additional features, making the regulation of the dynamics of the recruitment process much more complex than that described for ants. This work represents the first observations on the decisionmaking system used by termite societies in ch...
Ž. This article deals with the scientific performance of the European Union EU in what is now per... more Ž. This article deals with the scientific performance of the European Union EU in what is now perhaps the most important Ž. enabling technology worldwide: information and communication technologies ICT. The performance measures are based on the stock and flows of scientific knowledge embodied in research papers published in international scientific and technical journals. Quantitative data derived from these papers are used to examine and compare the performance of the EU science base with the US and Japan-two leading scientific nations in ICT research, and major competitors in ICT industries. These bibliometric indicators characterize and compare these three ICT research bases in terms of research output, international scientific quality, transnational knowledge flows, and domestic and international cooperation patterns. The analysis focuses on the key issue whether or not these data bear evidence of the perceived 'European Paradox' which is, among others, characterized by a strong EU public sector science base coupled to a relatively weak R & D performance of EU firms. The findings provide empirical confirmation for the existence of this Paradox in both ICT research domains under investigation: computers and data processing, and telecommunications.
All termites secrete trail pheromones from their sternal gland, whereas ants use a variety of gla... more All termites secrete trail pheromones from their sternal gland, whereas ants use a variety of glands for this purpose. This and the diversity of chemical compounds that serve as trail pheromones among ants, and the uniformity of chemicals among termite trails, suggest a different evolutionary historical dynamics for the development of chemical mass recruitment in both taxa. Termites in addition show pheromonal parsimony. This suggest a single evolutionary origin of pheromone trails in Isoptera, whereas chemical mass recruitment among Formicidae seems to have evolved many times and in different ways. Despite these very different evolutionary histories, both taxa evolved chemical recruitment systems involving attractants and orientation signals, and at least two divergent decision making system for recruitment. This evolutionary analogy suggests that chemical mass recruitment is constraint by fundamental physical dynamic laws. Artificial intelligence including "mass intelligence&...
... El muestreo se realizó entre los meses de agosto de 1994 y abril 1995, y consistió en escoger... more ... El muestreo se realizó entre los meses de agosto de 1994 y abril 1995, y consistió en escoger 50 tomates al azar, verificando presencia o ... del 30 de noviembre al 19 de diciembre de 1994, cuando el tomate estaba empalado, se colocaron las trampas a dos alturas: 1 mya 50 cm ...
Using Y-choice bioassays for testing the preference for two artificial trails, made from sternal ... more Using Y-choice bioassays for testing the preference for two artificial trails, made from sternal gland extracts from workers and/ or soldiers, we demonstrate the existence of caste, colony and species specificity of the pheromone trail following response of the sympatric termite species Nasutitermes ephratae and N. corniger. The results suggest that both quantitative and qualitative differences in the trail pheromone are used by the termites to discriminate among conspecific and non-specific trails. The ecological role of trail following specificity is discussed.
Most termites use several different stable resources simultaneously using chemical mass recruitme... more Most termites use several different stable resources simultaneously using chemical mass recruitment systems to exploit new food sources. In the light of the decision-making system for recruitment (Democratic and Autocratic systems) described for ant species, this work studied the mass-recruitment system of the arboreal carton nest building termites N. ephratae and N. comiger. Our results show that these two species display recruiting dynamics that differ markedly from what was defined as "Democratic" decision making, conforming most closely to the ant's "Autocratic" system, where scouts control the absolute amount of pheromone deposited on a trail according to the quantity and quality of the food source. These termites, however, seem to have additional features, making the regulation of the dynamics of the recruitment process much more complex than that described for ants. This work represents the first observations on the decision-making system used by termi...
Dentispicotermes Emerson, 1950 comprises five species confined to the Neotropics. We report the p... more Dentispicotermes Emerson, 1950 comprises five species confined to the Neotropics. We report the presence of D. cupiporanga Bandeira & Cancello, 1992 in northern Venezuela and two undescribed congeners from Bolivia and Paraguay. This soil-feeding termite genus is rare and is characterized by a diagnostic enteric valve armature that we describe for the first time.
Most termites exploit several different stable resources simultaneously using chemical mass recru... more Most termites exploit several different stable resources simultaneously using chemical mass recruitment systems to exploit new food sources. In the light of the decision-making system for recruitment (Democratic and Autocratic systems) described for ant species, this work studied the mass-recruitment system of the arboreal carton nest building termites N. ephratae and N. corniger. Our results show that these two species display recruiting dynamics that differ markedly from what was defined as "Democratic" decision making, conforming most closely to the ant's "Autocratic" system, where scouts control the absolute amount of pheromone deposited on a trail according to the quantity and quality of the food source. These termites, however, seem to have additional features, making the regulation of the dynamics of the recruitment process much more complex than that described for ants. This work represents the first observations on the decisionmaking system used by termite societies in chemical mass recruitment to a new food source.
Most termites exploit several different stable resources simulta- neously using chemical mass rec... more Most termites exploit several different stable resources simulta- neously using chemical mass recruitment systems to exploit new food sources. In the light of the decision-making system for recruitment (Democratic and Autocratic systems) described for ant species, this work studied the mass-recruitment system of the arboreal carton nest building termites N. ephratae and N. corniger. Our results show that these two
Se determinó que el ciclo de vida de (Liriomyza sativae) bajo condiciones de laboratorio en folio... more Se determinó que el ciclo de vida de (Liriomyza sativae) bajo condiciones de laboratorio en foliolos de tomate, dura 17.74 días a 25.15 °C. La fase de huevo fue de 2,52, la de larva 3.96 días, la de pupa 9.41 días y el adulto duró 2.01 días. Se observaron 3 instares larvales. Se determinó que la tasa de fecundidad fue de 11.79 huevos ± 8.25 por hembra y el porcentaje de fertilidad de 69.79. Se determinó la incidencia de L. sativae en tres épocas del año (octubre-diciembre de 1987, marzo-mayo y julio-septiembre de 1986) y se encontó que la mayor población de larvas vivas del pasador en el campo fue en la época del 28 de octubre al 26 de diciembre de 1985 y el mayor número de serpentinas en la época del 12 de marzo al 7 de mayo de 1986 en relación a sus enemigos naturales se encontraron 4 familias de Hymenoptera: Eulophidae (Chrysonotomya sp., Closterocerus sp., Diglypus sp., Chrysocaris sp., y Onphales sp.); Pteromalidae (Haltioptera sp.); Eucoilidae (Cothonaspis sp.) y Bracomidae (O...
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