Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 2013
ABSTRACT Social entrepreneurship in nonprofit organizations has emerged as an increasingly import... more ABSTRACT Social entrepreneurship in nonprofit organizations has emerged as an increasingly important domain, both in academic research and in practice. This article attempts to further enhance our understanding of the management of nonprofit organizations by investigating the way they balance social and business objectives. Over 200 senior managers of nonprofit organizations participated in our structured telephone interview. The data revealed that many organizations worried about the potential for reduced or lost funding, especially during economic hard times. Issues of sustainability usually headed their list of concerns. Many of these organizations sought to establish revenue generating business streams to offset expected funding shortfalls. The data suggested that over 70% of the nonprofit organizations we interviewed resided in the social entrepreneurship zone. Our results also showed that maintaining a social objective and managing a viable business can be complementary and mutually beneficial activities.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of research data collected over three years at a nonprofit ... more Quantitative and qualitative analysis of research data collected over three years at a nonprofit public higher education institution and its community, along with a review of relevant literature, revealed the need for a new framework to guide economic and social value creation by utilizing the social capital held by nonprofit institutions. The study integrated research outcomes from the areas of social capital and institutional-stakeholder engagement to generate the new concept of strategic engagement management and a proposed Strategic Engagement Framework. This framework should help nonprofit organizations deploy their social capital for institutional and societal benefit by facilitating institutional-stakeholder collaboration. The study also tested the utility of implementing one component of the proposed framework: a structure for mapping, maintaining, and evaluating a portfolio of institutional engagement activities.
This article intends to achieve a better understanding of economic and social development in the ... more This article intends to achieve a better understanding of economic and social development in the remote, northern regions in Saskatchewan. The authors reviewed development models that were employed by various communities. By benchmarking the practices documented and reported in the extant literature, the authors discussed the need for comparative empirical research for further development of the theory on northern development. Following a comparative case analysis method, the authors selected cases that were theoretically and empirically comparable to Northern Saskatchewan, re-examined the reported relationships among relevant factors, and categorized the themes regarding developmental strategies and their resulting outcomes. These cases were from communities in Canada, the US, and Northern Scandinavia. While there was general agreement on what constituted “good practices” for regional economic and social development, there was no consensus or panacea for success. Each case was heav...
Many of Canada's remote northern communities, including those in the Provincial Norths, are sever... more Many of Canada's remote northern communities, including those in the Provincial Norths, are severely disadvantaged as compared to their southern counterparts. Despite the wealth extracted from the abundance of natural resources like uranium, diamonds, and oil in their regions, some of these communities are among the most socioeconomically challenged in all of Canada. In many cases, a trivial amount of the significant wealth generated in these Provincial North regions has been retained to benefit the local communities that have been the stewards of that land for generations. This article applies a metanarrative method to examine the extant literature relevant to Provincial North communities in Canada. Some of this relevant literature includes studies conducted in Northern Scandinavia, which shares many of the same attributes as Canada's Provincial Norths. The purpose of this research was to identify the preconditions for effective Provincial North development leading to improved economic and social welfare for the communities in that part of Canada. Our result was a threelevel model showing the base requirements, community, and regional levels of northern development. These three levels focus on implementing effective local governance and securing the resources needed for development, building community capacity, and working collaboratively with neighbouring communities toward regional self-reliance to ensure regional sustainability and security. Levels of Northern Development development in Scandinavia and Canada. This meta-narrative of the relevant literature begins to address this defi ciency while conceptualizing new ways to understand northern development to advance theories, policies, and practices in this area. Collectively, there is a diverse and marginally connected body of literature related to northern development. Each of these research areas draws from, and is informed by a wide range of work from disciplines and topics including anthropology, sociology, history, political science, systems theory, resilience and adaptive capacity, sustainability, environmental studies, community and economic development, ethnic entrepreneurship, and even forestry and reindeer herding. The research on these topics is rooted in many regions of the world, including the two we focused on, Canada and Scandinavia. To date, litt le eff ort has been invested in synthesizing the fi ndings from these diverse contexts to create a deeper overall understanding of the preconditions required for northern development. We applied a meta-narrative approach to synthesize the relevant literature into a new perspective on northern development. This is a rigorous research method capable of eff ectively organizing and making sense of the range and diversity of salient topics so that fi ndings are relevant and valuable. The meta-narrative approach uses interpretive synthesis, which is an extensive and systematic review of the principal literature and a narrative summarizing the key fi ndings. 6 Consistent with the meta-narrative method, we initiated planning, search, mapping, and appraisal phases to collect a broad set of research articles and reports pertinent to our topic that met our inclusion criteria. 7 We then synthesized the outcomes from the studies in our emergent data set. Our inclusion criteria were designed to provide needed focus and direction for our literature search. We included areas of study and sources for data that we felt would provide the appropriate breadth needed to generate a new, meaningful, and comprehensive perspective on the foundations for northern development. These areas of study included northern entrepreneurship, Aboriginal entrepreneurship, Indigenous entrepreneurship, community-based entrepreneurship, sustainability, resilience, capacity building, remote communities, rural communities, regional development, community development, community economic development, community capacity, adaptive capacity, social entrepreneurship, self-determination, and sustainability. Following our initial search for relevant articles, books, and reports, we broadened our yield of pertinent research by applying a snowball method whereby we used the reference lists from the resources we found to detect missing and important sources of information. According to Greenhalgh et
Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning
A research project on social and economic capacity building through Aboriginal entrepreneurship... more A research project on social and economic capacity building through Aboriginal entrepreneurship employed a highly engaged approach with communities in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. The involved communities were viewed as research partners, and the research team applied a comprehensive communications plan to provide community members with relevant and timely information about the project and summaries of its outcomes as those results emerged. The study was designed to empower those who traditionally had been viewed as participants on whom research could be conducted, and ensure that the research was instead conducted with and for them. This research project encouraged youth and adults to express their perspectives in new and engaging ways that gave them the opportunity to more meaningfully have their voices heard. One important outcome from engaging more with communities was that research team members felt more engaged with their own project.
Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 2013
ABSTRACT Social entrepreneurship in nonprofit organizations has emerged as an increasingly import... more ABSTRACT Social entrepreneurship in nonprofit organizations has emerged as an increasingly important domain, both in academic research and in practice. This article attempts to further enhance our understanding of the management of nonprofit organizations by investigating the way they balance social and business objectives. Over 200 senior managers of nonprofit organizations participated in our structured telephone interview. The data revealed that many organizations worried about the potential for reduced or lost funding, especially during economic hard times. Issues of sustainability usually headed their list of concerns. Many of these organizations sought to establish revenue generating business streams to offset expected funding shortfalls. The data suggested that over 70% of the nonprofit organizations we interviewed resided in the social entrepreneurship zone. Our results also showed that maintaining a social objective and managing a viable business can be complementary and mutually beneficial activities.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of research data collected over three years at a nonprofit ... more Quantitative and qualitative analysis of research data collected over three years at a nonprofit public higher education institution and its community, along with a review of relevant literature, revealed the need for a new framework to guide economic and social value creation by utilizing the social capital held by nonprofit institutions. The study integrated research outcomes from the areas of social capital and institutional-stakeholder engagement to generate the new concept of strategic engagement management and a proposed Strategic Engagement Framework. This framework should help nonprofit organizations deploy their social capital for institutional and societal benefit by facilitating institutional-stakeholder collaboration. The study also tested the utility of implementing one component of the proposed framework: a structure for mapping, maintaining, and evaluating a portfolio of institutional engagement activities.
This article intends to achieve a better understanding of economic and social development in the ... more This article intends to achieve a better understanding of economic and social development in the remote, northern regions in Saskatchewan. The authors reviewed development models that were employed by various communities. By benchmarking the practices documented and reported in the extant literature, the authors discussed the need for comparative empirical research for further development of the theory on northern development. Following a comparative case analysis method, the authors selected cases that were theoretically and empirically comparable to Northern Saskatchewan, re-examined the reported relationships among relevant factors, and categorized the themes regarding developmental strategies and their resulting outcomes. These cases were from communities in Canada, the US, and Northern Scandinavia. While there was general agreement on what constituted “good practices” for regional economic and social development, there was no consensus or panacea for success. Each case was heav...
Many of Canada's remote northern communities, including those in the Provincial Norths, are sever... more Many of Canada's remote northern communities, including those in the Provincial Norths, are severely disadvantaged as compared to their southern counterparts. Despite the wealth extracted from the abundance of natural resources like uranium, diamonds, and oil in their regions, some of these communities are among the most socioeconomically challenged in all of Canada. In many cases, a trivial amount of the significant wealth generated in these Provincial North regions has been retained to benefit the local communities that have been the stewards of that land for generations. This article applies a metanarrative method to examine the extant literature relevant to Provincial North communities in Canada. Some of this relevant literature includes studies conducted in Northern Scandinavia, which shares many of the same attributes as Canada's Provincial Norths. The purpose of this research was to identify the preconditions for effective Provincial North development leading to improved economic and social welfare for the communities in that part of Canada. Our result was a threelevel model showing the base requirements, community, and regional levels of northern development. These three levels focus on implementing effective local governance and securing the resources needed for development, building community capacity, and working collaboratively with neighbouring communities toward regional self-reliance to ensure regional sustainability and security. Levels of Northern Development development in Scandinavia and Canada. This meta-narrative of the relevant literature begins to address this defi ciency while conceptualizing new ways to understand northern development to advance theories, policies, and practices in this area. Collectively, there is a diverse and marginally connected body of literature related to northern development. Each of these research areas draws from, and is informed by a wide range of work from disciplines and topics including anthropology, sociology, history, political science, systems theory, resilience and adaptive capacity, sustainability, environmental studies, community and economic development, ethnic entrepreneurship, and even forestry and reindeer herding. The research on these topics is rooted in many regions of the world, including the two we focused on, Canada and Scandinavia. To date, litt le eff ort has been invested in synthesizing the fi ndings from these diverse contexts to create a deeper overall understanding of the preconditions required for northern development. We applied a meta-narrative approach to synthesize the relevant literature into a new perspective on northern development. This is a rigorous research method capable of eff ectively organizing and making sense of the range and diversity of salient topics so that fi ndings are relevant and valuable. The meta-narrative approach uses interpretive synthesis, which is an extensive and systematic review of the principal literature and a narrative summarizing the key fi ndings. 6 Consistent with the meta-narrative method, we initiated planning, search, mapping, and appraisal phases to collect a broad set of research articles and reports pertinent to our topic that met our inclusion criteria. 7 We then synthesized the outcomes from the studies in our emergent data set. Our inclusion criteria were designed to provide needed focus and direction for our literature search. We included areas of study and sources for data that we felt would provide the appropriate breadth needed to generate a new, meaningful, and comprehensive perspective on the foundations for northern development. These areas of study included northern entrepreneurship, Aboriginal entrepreneurship, Indigenous entrepreneurship, community-based entrepreneurship, sustainability, resilience, capacity building, remote communities, rural communities, regional development, community development, community economic development, community capacity, adaptive capacity, social entrepreneurship, self-determination, and sustainability. Following our initial search for relevant articles, books, and reports, we broadened our yield of pertinent research by applying a snowball method whereby we used the reference lists from the resources we found to detect missing and important sources of information. According to Greenhalgh et
Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning
A research project on social and economic capacity building through Aboriginal entrepreneurship... more A research project on social and economic capacity building through Aboriginal entrepreneurship employed a highly engaged approach with communities in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. The involved communities were viewed as research partners, and the research team applied a comprehensive communications plan to provide community members with relevant and timely information about the project and summaries of its outcomes as those results emerged. The study was designed to empower those who traditionally had been viewed as participants on whom research could be conducted, and ensure that the research was instead conducted with and for them. This research project encouraged youth and adults to express their perspectives in new and engaging ways that gave them the opportunity to more meaningfully have their voices heard. One important outcome from engaging more with communities was that research team members felt more engaged with their own project.
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Papers by Lee Swanson