Mustafa Duman
MUSTAFA DUMAN 1986, Yerköy-Yozgat doğumlu.
Lisans ve yüksek lisans öğrenimini Gaziantep Üniversitesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü’nde; doktorasını Ege Üniversitesi Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Enstitüsü, Türk Halk Bilimi Anabilim Dalı’nda tamamladı.
University of Madison-Wisconsin, Turkic and Central Eurasian Studies bölümünde bir yıl misafir araştırmacı olarak görev yaptı. "Türk Halk Anlatmalarında Olumsuz Tipler" ve "Eril Kültür: Destan ve Hegemonik Erkeklik" kitaplarının yanı sıra sözlü kültür/ geleneksel halk anlatıları hakkında tematik ve teorik çalışmaları bulunan Duman, halen Uşak Üniversitesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü’nde öğretim üyesi olarak çalışmaktadır.
Lisans ve yüksek lisans öğrenimini Gaziantep Üniversitesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü’nde; doktorasını Ege Üniversitesi Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Enstitüsü, Türk Halk Bilimi Anabilim Dalı’nda tamamladı.
University of Madison-Wisconsin, Turkic and Central Eurasian Studies bölümünde bir yıl misafir araştırmacı olarak görev yaptı. "Türk Halk Anlatmalarında Olumsuz Tipler" ve "Eril Kültür: Destan ve Hegemonik Erkeklik" kitaplarının yanı sıra sözlü kültür/ geleneksel halk anlatıları hakkında tematik ve teorik çalışmaları bulunan Duman, halen Uşak Üniversitesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü’nde öğretim üyesi olarak çalışmaktadır.
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The present study claims that traditional narratives shape social behaviour patterns and that there are significant traces in the narratives about a society's attitudes to certain phenomena. It promises to analyse this claim through terrorism and the example of the epic world. An anachronistic reading attempt has emerged to coherently prove this claim, as the attempt to analyse a phenomenon such as terrorism (a contemporary problem) through past epics is inherently anachronistic. Therefore, this article presents an original method of analysis to researchers on how one can use traditional narratives to analyse terrorism. In this study, we carried out this assessment through samples from two Turkic epics: epic of Oguz Kagan and the Book of Dede Korkut. The presentation of terrorism in the Turkic epics has been studied in detail through the actions of each epics' characters and narrative episodes through the general principles of structuralism-thus revealing the structural scheme of the character actions and episodes as they relate to terrorism. We have discussed our findings in the context of the fictionalization of reality and the realization of fiction to give our study versatility and comprehensiveness.
are attracting the attention of folklorists in other parts of the world regarding a new field of study which is attempting to determine the terminology and research method for studying fake news.
The factors responsible for the efficiency in the emerging and spreading of fake news and the relationship with oral and written culture have been determined as the focal point in this study. Moreover, the effects of oral and written culture on the quality of the knowledge presented in texts claiming to authenticity are analyzed in the context of fake news. Within this scope, the nature of fake news and its relationship with folklore are examined in this study. In addition, the attitude that folklorists should have in examining particular issues related to fake news such as the changes in the knowledge-sharing environment and reproduction of the
knowledge are evaluated. Additionally, this study is aiming to introduce the fake news to Turkish scholars, to create a mutual terminology that can be used by them in analyzing fake news and to determine new sub-issues related to fake news.
Abstract
Much information has been shared on both social media and other communication channels about the virus epidemic called Covid-19, which is commonly known in Turkey as "koronavirüs". A lot of this information is based on sources and reports that should be considered “fake news” because they are simply not based on reality or facts. Information sources and reports such as these share many similarities with myths, urban legends, gossip, and rumors in terms of their structural units and fictiveness. While it may seem to most people that so far “modern man” has found technological solutions to most of the problems faced in everyday life, they still appear to turn to the familiar “primitive” attitudes when faced with unresolved “novel” problems, which have led to the rise of such false or unsubstantiated narratives we now see regarding the Coronavirus. Therefore, one can say there is a continuous production of texts about the source/origin of an unknown problem similar to creation myths or other narratives based on beliefs. Unlike the mythical era, these texts are spread globally very rapidly through social media channels. Additionally, once passed from the various media sources to the public ear, these reports become “stories” the people tell each other in daily life. And the main purpose of the narrators and listeners is to try to understand the unknown. In this context, Coronavirus is not only a subject studied by sciences, but also becomes a subject which must be analyzed by such disciplines that aim to understand human behavior, especially psychology and anthropology. When it comes to fake news and other narratives about the Coronavirus, a folklore-centered study is also imperative due to their kinship with traditional narratives. Therefore, in this study, myths, urban legends, rumors, and fake news about the virus are evaluated in terms of the motivating factor and other reasons behind the creation and emergence of the reports, the effective factors in the process of the spread of reports, and the general characteristics and functions of the reports. Accordingly, it is possible to state that the main purpose of this essay is to try to determine the origin of the urban legends about Coronavirus. In addition, another purpose of the present study is to discuss the reasons why these legends spread and gained awareness in a very short time. The legends analyzed in this study were compiled through a field research. However, the classical methods were not used in this field-work; instead, a new compilation method was carried out on the internet, the main medium where these legends are spread, in 2020 March, April and May. For this; Google Trends, Twitter Trend Topics and hashtags and Facebook hashtags have been used. Based on this survey, the most shared and "believed" urban legends about Coronavirus were determined as samples of this study, and various rumors and gossips emerged during this process were also used to support this sample.
Makale ara söz metinlerinin içerik olarak tahlilini esas almadığı için, Kutadgu Bilig’de yer alan ara söz metinlerinin tamamına makale içerisinde verilmemiştir. Bunun yerine, birkaç ara söz örneği ve ara sözlerin geçtiği beyit numaraları gerek makale metni içerisinde gerekse sonnotla araştırmacıların dikkatine sunulmuştur. Ayrıca, makalede ara sözlerin tasnifi meselesi üzerinde durulmuş ve Kutadgu Bilig’deki ara sözler içerik özellikleri bakımından sınıflandırılmıştır. Tasnif oluşturulurken günümüz Türkçesine aktarılan metnin tahkiye esasına bağlı olan 398 ve 6520. beyitler arasındaki kısmı esas alınmıştır. Çünkü eserin girişindeki on bir bab (bölüm) ve sonundaki ek üç bab, hikayenin felsefi arka planıyla ilişkili; fakat tahkiye esasına bağlı kısımdaki kurgu ile doğrudan bağlantısı olmayan bölümlerdir. Böylece, söz konusu kısımda yer alan 6123 beyit içerisinden 377’si (eserin %6,2’si) ara söz olarak belirlenmiş ve tasnif edilmiştir.
Kutadgu Bilig, kendisine atfedilen tüm değerlerin ötesinde, tahkiye esasına dayalı bir eserdir. Tahkiye esaslı hemen her metin yaratıldığı dönemde, ait olduğu toplumun dil ve kültürel özelliklerini yansıtır. Bu nedenle, aynı dönemde yaşayan okur-dinleyici için bu metin anlaşılır olur. Bu metinleri gelecek kuşak için anlaşılır kılan ve kurgudaki olayların oluşum bağlamını ortaya koyan unsur ara sözlerdir. Dolayısıyla, ara sözler bir metnin sürekli olarak “günceli” yakalamasını sağlar. Bu bakış açısı ışığıyla Kutadgu Bilig’deki ara sözlerin tespit ve tasnifini ortaya koymayı amaç edinen bu çalışma, Kutadgu Bilig’in yazıldığı günden günümüze kadar güncelliğini nasıl koruduğu hakkında edebiyat araştırmacılarına bir bakış açısı sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca, makalede takip edilen yöntem ve ara sözler hakkındaki kuramsal tartışmalar, farklı disiplinlerdeki araştırmacılara gerek metodik gerekse içerik açısından veri sağlayacak mahiyettedir.
Abstract
In this study, focusing on the structural and functional role of the digressions in oral and written literary works, Kutadgu Bilig (Wisdom of Royal Glory) written by Yusuf Khass Hajib in eleventh century is used as a sample in order to show how digressions work in a narrative. Since previous studies on the digressions are limited both in terms of quality and quantity, the origin of the digressions, their role in the structure of a narrative and their particular functions are elaborated on in this study. Kutadgu Bilig (KB) was chosen as the sample preference for two reasons in bringing the discussions about the digressions; because it was created as a written work, and it’s rich content of digressions. In this way, it can be possible to touch on a different matter than the studies about the digressions mostly focusing on the oral narratives.
Since the article is not based on the analysis of the digression texts in terms of their content, the digression texts in KB are not included in the article. Instead, the couplet numbers in which the digressions are performed are presented to the attention of the researchers both in the text of this article and at the end of the article with the endnotes. Moreover, in the present article focusing on the issue of classification of the digressions, the digressions in KB have been classified. The present classification is based on the part of the text between couplets 398 and 6520, which is considered as a whole narrative. Eleven parts at the beginning of the work and three additional parts at the end are related to the philosophical background of the story but they are not directly linked to the events in the narrative. Thus, out of 6123 couplets in this section, 375 (6.2% of the work) have been identified as the digressions and classified in terms of their content.
KB, beyond all the values attributed to it, is a work based on narrating. Almost every text based on narrating reflects the language and cultural characteristics of the society to which it belongs. Therefore, the text becomes comprehensible for the audience who lives in the same period when it has been written. Digressions that reveal the context of the events in the fiction are the narrating elements that make the text comprehensible for the next generation. Thus, digressions keep a text constantly “current”. This study, which is written in the light of this point of view about digressions, aims to reveal the determination and classification of digressions in KB and so to provide a perspective to the researchers about how KB has been kept “current”. In addition, the theoretical debates about the digressions and the method being applied in the article will provide data to researchers from different disciplines in terms of both methodical and content.
Abstract
In this paper, we will examine rites of passage among the nomadic women of the Sarikecili Yoruks who live in southern Turkey and still migrate between certain locations. For this, we participated in their migration and took part in certain duties in the migration process in order to closely observe their life style and women's roles in everyday life. By utilizing participant observation and interview methods, we analyze women's roles in "marriage", "birth", and "death." Since the paper involves both nomadic culture in Turkey and the current situation of women in this culture, this research is beneficial to researchers who study women's folklore and nomadic culture.
The present study claims that traditional narratives shape social behaviour patterns and that there are significant traces in the narratives about a society's attitudes to certain phenomena. It promises to analyse this claim through terrorism and the example of the epic world. An anachronistic reading attempt has emerged to coherently prove this claim, as the attempt to analyse a phenomenon such as terrorism (a contemporary problem) through past epics is inherently anachronistic. Therefore, this article presents an original method of analysis to researchers on how one can use traditional narratives to analyse terrorism. In this study, we carried out this assessment through samples from two Turkic epics: epic of Oguz Kagan and the Book of Dede Korkut. The presentation of terrorism in the Turkic epics has been studied in detail through the actions of each epics' characters and narrative episodes through the general principles of structuralism-thus revealing the structural scheme of the character actions and episodes as they relate to terrorism. We have discussed our findings in the context of the fictionalization of reality and the realization of fiction to give our study versatility and comprehensiveness.
are attracting the attention of folklorists in other parts of the world regarding a new field of study which is attempting to determine the terminology and research method for studying fake news.
The factors responsible for the efficiency in the emerging and spreading of fake news and the relationship with oral and written culture have been determined as the focal point in this study. Moreover, the effects of oral and written culture on the quality of the knowledge presented in texts claiming to authenticity are analyzed in the context of fake news. Within this scope, the nature of fake news and its relationship with folklore are examined in this study. In addition, the attitude that folklorists should have in examining particular issues related to fake news such as the changes in the knowledge-sharing environment and reproduction of the
knowledge are evaluated. Additionally, this study is aiming to introduce the fake news to Turkish scholars, to create a mutual terminology that can be used by them in analyzing fake news and to determine new sub-issues related to fake news.
Abstract
Much information has been shared on both social media and other communication channels about the virus epidemic called Covid-19, which is commonly known in Turkey as "koronavirüs". A lot of this information is based on sources and reports that should be considered “fake news” because they are simply not based on reality or facts. Information sources and reports such as these share many similarities with myths, urban legends, gossip, and rumors in terms of their structural units and fictiveness. While it may seem to most people that so far “modern man” has found technological solutions to most of the problems faced in everyday life, they still appear to turn to the familiar “primitive” attitudes when faced with unresolved “novel” problems, which have led to the rise of such false or unsubstantiated narratives we now see regarding the Coronavirus. Therefore, one can say there is a continuous production of texts about the source/origin of an unknown problem similar to creation myths or other narratives based on beliefs. Unlike the mythical era, these texts are spread globally very rapidly through social media channels. Additionally, once passed from the various media sources to the public ear, these reports become “stories” the people tell each other in daily life. And the main purpose of the narrators and listeners is to try to understand the unknown. In this context, Coronavirus is not only a subject studied by sciences, but also becomes a subject which must be analyzed by such disciplines that aim to understand human behavior, especially psychology and anthropology. When it comes to fake news and other narratives about the Coronavirus, a folklore-centered study is also imperative due to their kinship with traditional narratives. Therefore, in this study, myths, urban legends, rumors, and fake news about the virus are evaluated in terms of the motivating factor and other reasons behind the creation and emergence of the reports, the effective factors in the process of the spread of reports, and the general characteristics and functions of the reports. Accordingly, it is possible to state that the main purpose of this essay is to try to determine the origin of the urban legends about Coronavirus. In addition, another purpose of the present study is to discuss the reasons why these legends spread and gained awareness in a very short time. The legends analyzed in this study were compiled through a field research. However, the classical methods were not used in this field-work; instead, a new compilation method was carried out on the internet, the main medium where these legends are spread, in 2020 March, April and May. For this; Google Trends, Twitter Trend Topics and hashtags and Facebook hashtags have been used. Based on this survey, the most shared and "believed" urban legends about Coronavirus were determined as samples of this study, and various rumors and gossips emerged during this process were also used to support this sample.
Makale ara söz metinlerinin içerik olarak tahlilini esas almadığı için, Kutadgu Bilig’de yer alan ara söz metinlerinin tamamına makale içerisinde verilmemiştir. Bunun yerine, birkaç ara söz örneği ve ara sözlerin geçtiği beyit numaraları gerek makale metni içerisinde gerekse sonnotla araştırmacıların dikkatine sunulmuştur. Ayrıca, makalede ara sözlerin tasnifi meselesi üzerinde durulmuş ve Kutadgu Bilig’deki ara sözler içerik özellikleri bakımından sınıflandırılmıştır. Tasnif oluşturulurken günümüz Türkçesine aktarılan metnin tahkiye esasına bağlı olan 398 ve 6520. beyitler arasındaki kısmı esas alınmıştır. Çünkü eserin girişindeki on bir bab (bölüm) ve sonundaki ek üç bab, hikayenin felsefi arka planıyla ilişkili; fakat tahkiye esasına bağlı kısımdaki kurgu ile doğrudan bağlantısı olmayan bölümlerdir. Böylece, söz konusu kısımda yer alan 6123 beyit içerisinden 377’si (eserin %6,2’si) ara söz olarak belirlenmiş ve tasnif edilmiştir.
Kutadgu Bilig, kendisine atfedilen tüm değerlerin ötesinde, tahkiye esasına dayalı bir eserdir. Tahkiye esaslı hemen her metin yaratıldığı dönemde, ait olduğu toplumun dil ve kültürel özelliklerini yansıtır. Bu nedenle, aynı dönemde yaşayan okur-dinleyici için bu metin anlaşılır olur. Bu metinleri gelecek kuşak için anlaşılır kılan ve kurgudaki olayların oluşum bağlamını ortaya koyan unsur ara sözlerdir. Dolayısıyla, ara sözler bir metnin sürekli olarak “günceli” yakalamasını sağlar. Bu bakış açısı ışığıyla Kutadgu Bilig’deki ara sözlerin tespit ve tasnifini ortaya koymayı amaç edinen bu çalışma, Kutadgu Bilig’in yazıldığı günden günümüze kadar güncelliğini nasıl koruduğu hakkında edebiyat araştırmacılarına bir bakış açısı sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca, makalede takip edilen yöntem ve ara sözler hakkındaki kuramsal tartışmalar, farklı disiplinlerdeki araştırmacılara gerek metodik gerekse içerik açısından veri sağlayacak mahiyettedir.
Abstract
In this study, focusing on the structural and functional role of the digressions in oral and written literary works, Kutadgu Bilig (Wisdom of Royal Glory) written by Yusuf Khass Hajib in eleventh century is used as a sample in order to show how digressions work in a narrative. Since previous studies on the digressions are limited both in terms of quality and quantity, the origin of the digressions, their role in the structure of a narrative and their particular functions are elaborated on in this study. Kutadgu Bilig (KB) was chosen as the sample preference for two reasons in bringing the discussions about the digressions; because it was created as a written work, and it’s rich content of digressions. In this way, it can be possible to touch on a different matter than the studies about the digressions mostly focusing on the oral narratives.
Since the article is not based on the analysis of the digression texts in terms of their content, the digression texts in KB are not included in the article. Instead, the couplet numbers in which the digressions are performed are presented to the attention of the researchers both in the text of this article and at the end of the article with the endnotes. Moreover, in the present article focusing on the issue of classification of the digressions, the digressions in KB have been classified. The present classification is based on the part of the text between couplets 398 and 6520, which is considered as a whole narrative. Eleven parts at the beginning of the work and three additional parts at the end are related to the philosophical background of the story but they are not directly linked to the events in the narrative. Thus, out of 6123 couplets in this section, 375 (6.2% of the work) have been identified as the digressions and classified in terms of their content.
KB, beyond all the values attributed to it, is a work based on narrating. Almost every text based on narrating reflects the language and cultural characteristics of the society to which it belongs. Therefore, the text becomes comprehensible for the audience who lives in the same period when it has been written. Digressions that reveal the context of the events in the fiction are the narrating elements that make the text comprehensible for the next generation. Thus, digressions keep a text constantly “current”. This study, which is written in the light of this point of view about digressions, aims to reveal the determination and classification of digressions in KB and so to provide a perspective to the researchers about how KB has been kept “current”. In addition, the theoretical debates about the digressions and the method being applied in the article will provide data to researchers from different disciplines in terms of both methodical and content.
Abstract
In this paper, we will examine rites of passage among the nomadic women of the Sarikecili Yoruks who live in southern Turkey and still migrate between certain locations. For this, we participated in their migration and took part in certain duties in the migration process in order to closely observe their life style and women's roles in everyday life. By utilizing participant observation and interview methods, we analyze women's roles in "marriage", "birth", and "death." Since the paper involves both nomadic culture in Turkey and the current situation of women in this culture, this research is beneficial to researchers who study women's folklore and nomadic culture.