Papers by Nanmathi Manian
… among goals, affect, and self-regulation, Jan 1, 1996
... Representations acquired at the introjective stage, a more mature point in development, would... more ... Representations acquired at the introjective stage, a more mature point in development, would tend ... for this two-dimensional scheme in a retrospective study of parenting style ... have identified numerous influences on the emotional outcomes of this self-regulation process (Linville ...
Journal of Personality, Jan 1, 2006
We focus on children's conscience, an inner guiding system responsible for the gradual emergence ... more We focus on children's conscience, an inner guiding system responsible for the gradual emergence and maintenance of selfregulation. Drawing from our research program that has encompassed three large longitudinal studies cumulatively covering the first 6 years of life, we discuss two major components of conscience: moral emotions (guilt, discomfort following transgressions) and moral conduct compatible with rules and standards. We discuss the organization of young children's conscience, focusing on relations between moral emotions and moral conduct, and the development of conscience, focusing on its early form: the child's eager, willing stance toward parental socialization. We also review research on two major sets of influences that predict individual differences in moral emotions and moral conduct: biologically based temperament and socialization in the family. We discuss two inhibitory systems of temperament-fearfulness and effortful control-and several features of socialization, including the style of parental discipline and the quality of the parent-child relationship. Early conscience is an important early personality system, coherently organized, relatively stable over time, and subject to individual differences that emerge as a result of a complex interplay between children's temperamental individuality and socialization in the family.
Journal of …, Jan 1, 2006
Regulatory focus theory (RFT; Higgins, 1997) predicts that individual differences in the strength... more Regulatory focus theory (RFT; Higgins, 1997) predicts that individual differences in the strength of promotion (ideal) and prevention (ought) orientations emerge from patterns of parent/child interactions that emphasize making good things happen versus keeping bad things from happening. This article examines the development of individual differences in the strength of children's promotion and prevention goals and presents selected findings from three studies exploring the origins of regulatory focus. We found a three-factor structure for parenting behaviors that differentiated between the presence/absence of positive outcomes versus the presence/absence of negative outcomes in two different data sets and validated that factor structure by examining its associations with maternal temperament. In turn, the parenting factors predicted individual differences in children's orientations to ideal and ought guides, and those associations were moderated by individual differences in child temperament.
Infant Behavior and …, Jan 1, 2011
Five-month-old infants of clinically depressed and nondepressed mothers were familiarized to a wh... more Five-month-old infants of clinically depressed and nondepressed mothers were familiarized to a wholly novel object and afterward tested for their discrimination of the same object presented in the familiar and in a novel perspective. Infants in both groups were adequately familiarized, but infants of clinically depressed mothers failed to discriminate between novel and familiar views of the object, whereas infants of nondepressed mothers successfully discriminated. The difference in discrimination between infants of depressed and nondepressed mothers is discussed in light of infants' differential object processing and maternal sociodemographics, mind-mindedness, depression, stress, and interaction styles that may moderate opportunities for infants to learn about their world or influence the development of their perceptuocognitive capacities.
Handbook of …, Jan 1, 2005
Bornstein, MH, Hahn, C.-S., Haynes, OM, Manian, N. and Tamis-LeMonda, CS (2008) New Research Meth... more Bornstein, MH, Hahn, C.-S., Haynes, OM, Manian, N. and Tamis-LeMonda, CS (2008) New Research Methods in Developmental Science: Applications and Illustrations, in Handbook of Research Methods in Developmental Science (ed DM Teti), Blackwell Publishing Ltd, ...
Infant Behavior and …, Jan 1, 2010
Five-month-old infants of nondepressed and clinically depressed mothers were habituated to either... more Five-month-old infants of nondepressed and clinically depressed mothers were habituated to either a face with a neutral expression or the same face with a smile. Infants of nondepressed mothers subsequently discriminated between neutral and smiling facial expressions, whereas infants of clinically depressed mothers failed to make the same discrimination.
Journal of Child Psychology and …, Jan 1, 2009
Background: Emotion regulation (ER) has been conceptualized as an ongoing process of the individu... more Background: Emotion regulation (ER) has been conceptualized as an ongoing process of the individual's emotion patterns in relation to moment-to-moment contextual demands. In contrast to traditional approaches of descriptively quantizing ER, we employed a dynamic approach to ER by examining key transitions in infants of clinically depressed and nondepressed mothers in the context of maternal stillface (SF). Methods: Mothers with (n = 48) and without a clinical diagnosis of depression (n = 68) were seen in a modified SF paradigm with their 5-month-olds. Infant states and self-soothing behaviors were coded in 1-sec time intervals. Results: Infants of nondepressed mothers used attentional regulatory strategies, whereas infants of depressed mothers used internally directed strategies of self-soothing to reduce negativity and maintain engagement with mother. Conclusions: This study advances our understanding of processes underlying infant ER and points to possible mechanisms for the development of long-term maladaptive ER strategies in infants of depressed mothers.
Journal of personality and social …, Jan 1, 1998
Self-discrepancy theory (SDT) postulates that self-regulatory systems corresponding to the ideal ... more Self-discrepancy theory (SDT) postulates that self-regulatory systems corresponding to the ideal and ought self-domains emerge from the influences of temperament (e.g., sensitivity to stimuli for positive vs. negative outcomes) and socialization (e.g., parenting behaviors and interpersonal outcome contingencies). This article reports 2 studies testing the developmental postulates of SDT concurrently and retrospectively. Study 1 showed that self-regulation with reference to the ideal vs. the ought domain was differentially associated with recollections of parenting styles of warmth and rejection, respectively. In Study 2, these findings were replicated, and self-regulation with reference to the ideal vs. ought domain was discriminantly associated with questionnaire measures of positive vs. negative temperament. Findings support the developmental postulates of SDT, despite the limitations of retrospective studies.
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Papers by Nanmathi Manian