Translation theory is never dogmatized. It is a dynamic and ever changing process. It is expected... more Translation theory is never dogmatized. It is a dynamic and ever changing process. It is expected to respond positively to new developments in the studies of language and style. Cognitive stylistics is one of the major new developments in the study of style. It is based on viewing and analyzing style as a cognitive process of mind that goes beyond the boundaries of surface meaning to unearth the truth behind it. This process draws heavily on the cultural, social, political, and ideological conceptualization of style and meaning. The cognitive process of translating is claimed here to have been influenced by contemporary cognitive stylistic approaches that view meaning as the product of style as mind. This paper investigates the updated cognitive properties, responsibilities, practices and other characteristics to be assumed by the cognitive stylistic translator in the light of these new cognitive approaches to meaning and style in terms of mind. Accordingly, the cognitive translator is urged to approach the translation of the texts' styles and meaning cognitively to respond creatively to the explorations of cognitive stylistic theory and applications. This will make them uncover buried truths and meanings that cannot be discovered otherwise. Toward the end of the paper, a relativity theory of cognitive stylistic translation is put forward. This theory is flexible enough to respond effectively to all cognitive potentials of meaning and style. Further, it accommodates more than one cognitive version of translation by means of applying two suggested methods of translation to the same text: direct (or style-based); and indirect (non-style-based). This means that more freedom of choice of possible versions of translation is available to translators and readers to pick up.
This research paper introduces to proximity principle as an approach to translation in general, a... more This research paper introduces to proximity principle as an approach to translation in general, and legal translation in particular, when the full meaning is not attainable in the Target Language(TL). The main problem of this study is how to translate legal texts more approximately than accurately due to several reasons highlighted below. The principal aim of the study it to probe the principle of proximity as a translation strategy compared to perfect equivalence. accordingly, the importance of the study lies in understanding the process of the translator’s strife for approximate meaning in the TL. So, the main question of the paper is how translators manage and struggle to translate unfindable legal terms closely into the TL. On the other hand, the methodology of the study is based mainly on theoretical definitions, logical arguments, analytical and practical discussion, translation procedures and strategies, and culminated by conclusions and findings. One main finding is to establish the principle of proximity in translating legal texts in specific as a major strategy in translation theory to sort out solutions to the problems of translating non-equivalent legal terms. Finally, the paper covers points like the scope of proximity principle, its applicability, the justifications for using it, volume of potential loss of meaning involved, its credibility, proximity vis-à-vis faithfulness and accuracy, etc. All these and other points are considered in relation to a huge number of applications in practice in legal context.
Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies, 2019
The translation of poetry has been and will continue to be an issue of great concern to translato... more The translation of poetry has been and will continue to be an issue of great concern to translators, men of letters and readers. Poetry has been approached differently by translators. They are divided into two major parties: tone insists on translating poetry into poetry with respect to all prosodic features; another suggests translating sense with no concern in prosody, especially rhyme, rhm, meter and foot, especially when the translator is for some good reason, unable to translate a poem into a poen in the target language(TL). Each party has their own justifications for their claim. This Paper attempts to demonstrate the merits and demerits of both approaches at translating one and the same poem in terms of poetic translation for the former, and poetical translation for the latter. The aim behind that is two fold: first to satisfy all types of readers; second, to provide concrete evidence for the argument put forward throughout the whole Paper, which is poetic translation is superceding poetical translation in Arabic for Arab readers who still highly appreciate the aestheticity and poeticity of poetry. At the end of the day, it is left to readers to decide which version to prefer. At times, more than one poetic version of translation are suggested for the same poem by different translators. Still on one or two occasions, a middle way version combining some features of each of poetical and poetic translations, is proposed. It is termed as a 'semi-poetic' translation, with the ultimate objective of drawing a comparison between the different versions of translation of the same poem to give readers the opportunity to judge for themselves which translation they go for and why. Convincing readers is a daunting ask, but rewarding at the end. This pproach is applied to the translation of five English poems into Arabic.
Metaphor is the key figure of rhetoric that usually implies a reference to figurative language in... more Metaphor is the key figure of rhetoric that usually implies a reference to figurative language in general. Therefore, it has always been attended to carefully by linguists, critics and writers. Traditionally, being originally a major aesthetic and rhetorical figure, it has been analysed and approached in terms of its constituent components (i.e. image, object, sense, etc.) and types (such as cliché, dead, anthropomorphic, recent, extended, compound, etc. metaphors). However, recently, and in the light of the latest developments of cognitive stylistics, metaphor has received yet greater attention from a completely different perspective of conceptualization and ideologization. Consequently, this change of perspective has its immediate effect on translation theory and practice, which has to be approached equally differently now with respect to translating metaphor. This paper is an attempt to consider the translation of metaphor from a cognitive stylistic perspective, viewing it primar...
Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing, 2022
Among the newly developed ideas in the relationship of translation to style is the strong link be... more Among the newly developed ideas in the relationship of translation to style is the strong link between translation and cognitive stylistics. The result of this link is the introduction of cognitive conceptualization to translation as one way of comprehending and rendering meaning of the SL into the TL. On the other hand, it can help solve some problems of legal translation based on cognitive cultural conceptualization of legal terms and expressions. This paper is an attempt to introduce new clues for sorting out a number of legal terminology in the light of latest cognitive approaches to the conceptualization of style which can be applied to legal language in the translation between the two languages, Arabic and English. This is achieved through introducing cognitive stylistic approaches to the conceptualization of the style of legal language in translation and how untrodden ways of legal meanings and implications can be traced and unearthed in the process. The paper ends up with so...
Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing, Jul 5, 2021
There has been an accumulation of a huge stuff of theorization about translation enveloping and c... more There has been an accumulation of a huge stuff of theorization about translation enveloping and cramming translation theory and threatening its existence by demeaning and probably blasting its bases, thus leading to the chaos in translation theory. Yet, a substantial part of this theorization is mere destructive theoricization that has caused considerable damage to translation theory. In translation, it aims at creating ambivalent situations and conflicting hypotheses in translation theory, tools and tactics, casting doubts on some basic topics of translation theory, including claims like untranslatability of culture, translation prescriptivism vs. descriptivism, equivalence as a chimera, breaking translation norms, regularities and boundaries, demoralising the SL text and putting it in the service of the TL culture and suspecting the definition of key terms in the field on the top of which is the term "translation. That would jeopardize the stability and credibility of translation theory as a whole, and may render it inoperative. This is indeed the most serious challenge for the substance of contemporary translation theory. The present paper is a comparative study drawn between the facts of genuine constructive theorization and damaging destructive theoricization that aims at suffocating any attempt to set out an institutionalized body of knowledge of guidelines and principles of a solid translation theory, and develop it in a systematic and on-the-ground way to tackle any new issue or problem of translation in application.
This paper is intended to lay the theoretical grounds for literary translation both in theory and... more This paper is intended to lay the theoretical grounds for literary translation both in theory and in practice. It provides definitions for basic terms and concepts of the major topics and issues pertaining to literary translation. Among the terms and concepts essential to the readers / students' background knowledge in this connection are: Literature, literary language vs. non-literary language; the literariness of literature, literary translation vs. un-literary translation, the literary translator and methods of literary translation. The paper ends with setting forth a creative literary stylistic method of translating literature. These points are scrupulously elaborated and updated to reflect the latest in the field. The ultimate objective of this paper is to provide a panoramic view of all means and requirements of a good literary translation today, and finally set forth a relatively new creative literary stylistics-based method of literary translation for the literary trans...
A good translation of a literary text is described as creative. This paper argues for the transla... more A good translation of a literary text is described as creative. This paper argues for the translation of Short Story creatively by constructing a literary piece of translation in the target language. Otherwise, the translation will be spiritless, non-creative and non-literary. The elements of creativity in literature are many, but the core element is style. This argument is confirmed by practical evidence derived from translated extracts from English short stories into Arabic. The elements of creativity and non-creativity in both texts, the SL and the TL, are pointed out and discussed in detail in relation to each example. The conclusions aimed to arrive at toward the end of this paper assert that short stories can be translated creatively and non-creatively, but the approved translation is the creative literary translation which is based on the elements of creativity highlighted in the discussion throughout the paper.
This paper is intended to lay some grounds for aspects of literary translation both in theory and... more This paper is intended to lay some grounds for aspects of literary translation both in theory and in practice. It provides definitions for basic terms and concepts of the major topics and issues pertaining to literary translation. Among the terms and concepts essential to the readers/students' background knowledge in this connection are: Literature, literary language vs. non-literary language; the literariness of literature, literary translation vs. non-literary translation, the literary translator and methods of literary translation. The paper ends with setting forth a creative literary stylistic method of translating literature. These points are scrupulously elaborated and updated to reflect the latest in the field. The ultimate objective of this paper is to provide a view of a number of means and requirements of a good literary translation today, and finally set forth a relatively creative approach to literary translation based on a literary stylistic method.
Metaphor is the key figure of rhetoric that usually implies a reference to figurative language in... more Metaphor is the key figure of rhetoric that usually implies a reference to figurative language in general. Therefore, it has always been attended to carefully by linguists, critics and writers. Traditionally, being originally a major aesthetic and rhetorical figure, it has been analysed and approached in terms of its constituent components (i.e. image, object, sense, etc.) and types (such as cliché, dead, anthropomorphic, recent, extended, compound, etc. metaphors). However, recently, and in the light of the latest developments of cognitive stylistics, metaphor has received yet greater attention from a completely different perspective of conceptualization and ideologization. Consequently, this change of perspective has its immediate effect on translation theory and practice, which has to be approached equally differently now with respect to translating metaphor. This paper is an attempt to consider the translation of metaphor from a cognitive stylistic perspective, viewing it primarily as a matter of conceptualization of topics, objects and people. All metaphors are in principle reflections and constructions of concepts, attitudes, mentalities and ideologies on the part of the writer / speaker. Hence, any metaphor is conceptualized in terms of source domain and target domain in different texts, especially literary discourse. In translation, an instant positive response to this conceptualization of metaphor is anticipated by translators into the target language, on the basis of the two domains, the source and the target.
Translation theory is never dogmatized. It is a dynamic and ever changing process. It is expected... more Translation theory is never dogmatized. It is a dynamic and ever changing process. It is expected to respond positively to new developments in the studies of language and style. Cognitive stylistics is one of the major new developments in the study of style. It is based on viewing and analyzing style as a cognitive process of mind that goes beyond the boundaries of surface meaning to unearth the truth behind it. This process draws heavily on the cultural, social, political, and ideological conceptualization of style and meaning. The cognitive process of translating is claimed here to have been influenced by contemporary cognitive stylistic approaches that view meaning as the product of style as mind. This paper investigates the updated cognitive properties, responsibilities, practices and other characteristics to be assumed by the cognitive stylistic translator in the light of these new cognitive approaches to meaning and style in terms of mind. Accordingly, the cognitive translator is urged to approach the translation of the texts' styles and meaning cognitively to respond creatively to the explorations of cognitive stylistic theory and applications. This will make them uncover buried truths and meanings that cannot be discovered otherwise. Toward the end of the paper, a relativity theory of cognitive stylistic translation is put forward. This theory is flexible enough to respond effectively to all cognitive potentials of meaning and style. Further, it accommodates more than one cognitive version of translation by means of applying two suggested methods of translation to the same text: direct (or style-based); and indirect (non-style-based). This means that more freedom of choice of possible versions of translation is available to translators and readers to pick up.
This research paper introduces to proximity principle as an approach to translation in general, a... more This research paper introduces to proximity principle as an approach to translation in general, and legal translation in particular, when the full meaning is not attainable in the Target Language(TL). The main problem of this study is how to translate legal texts more approximately than accurately due to several reasons highlighted below. The principal aim of the study it to probe the principle of proximity as a translation strategy compared to perfect equivalence. accordingly, the importance of the study lies in understanding the process of the translator’s strife for approximate meaning in the TL. So, the main question of the paper is how translators manage and struggle to translate unfindable legal terms closely into the TL. On the other hand, the methodology of the study is based mainly on theoretical definitions, logical arguments, analytical and practical discussion, translation procedures and strategies, and culminated by conclusions and findings. One main finding is to establish the principle of proximity in translating legal texts in specific as a major strategy in translation theory to sort out solutions to the problems of translating non-equivalent legal terms. Finally, the paper covers points like the scope of proximity principle, its applicability, the justifications for using it, volume of potential loss of meaning involved, its credibility, proximity vis-à-vis faithfulness and accuracy, etc. All these and other points are considered in relation to a huge number of applications in practice in legal context.
Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies, 2019
The translation of poetry has been and will continue to be an issue of great concern to translato... more The translation of poetry has been and will continue to be an issue of great concern to translators, men of letters and readers. Poetry has been approached differently by translators. They are divided into two major parties: tone insists on translating poetry into poetry with respect to all prosodic features; another suggests translating sense with no concern in prosody, especially rhyme, rhm, meter and foot, especially when the translator is for some good reason, unable to translate a poem into a poen in the target language(TL). Each party has their own justifications for their claim. This Paper attempts to demonstrate the merits and demerits of both approaches at translating one and the same poem in terms of poetic translation for the former, and poetical translation for the latter. The aim behind that is two fold: first to satisfy all types of readers; second, to provide concrete evidence for the argument put forward throughout the whole Paper, which is poetic translation is superceding poetical translation in Arabic for Arab readers who still highly appreciate the aestheticity and poeticity of poetry. At the end of the day, it is left to readers to decide which version to prefer. At times, more than one poetic version of translation are suggested for the same poem by different translators. Still on one or two occasions, a middle way version combining some features of each of poetical and poetic translations, is proposed. It is termed as a 'semi-poetic' translation, with the ultimate objective of drawing a comparison between the different versions of translation of the same poem to give readers the opportunity to judge for themselves which translation they go for and why. Convincing readers is a daunting ask, but rewarding at the end. This pproach is applied to the translation of five English poems into Arabic.
Metaphor is the key figure of rhetoric that usually implies a reference to figurative language in... more Metaphor is the key figure of rhetoric that usually implies a reference to figurative language in general. Therefore, it has always been attended to carefully by linguists, critics and writers. Traditionally, being originally a major aesthetic and rhetorical figure, it has been analysed and approached in terms of its constituent components (i.e. image, object, sense, etc.) and types (such as cliché, dead, anthropomorphic, recent, extended, compound, etc. metaphors). However, recently, and in the light of the latest developments of cognitive stylistics, metaphor has received yet greater attention from a completely different perspective of conceptualization and ideologization. Consequently, this change of perspective has its immediate effect on translation theory and practice, which has to be approached equally differently now with respect to translating metaphor. This paper is an attempt to consider the translation of metaphor from a cognitive stylistic perspective, viewing it primar...
Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing, 2022
Among the newly developed ideas in the relationship of translation to style is the strong link be... more Among the newly developed ideas in the relationship of translation to style is the strong link between translation and cognitive stylistics. The result of this link is the introduction of cognitive conceptualization to translation as one way of comprehending and rendering meaning of the SL into the TL. On the other hand, it can help solve some problems of legal translation based on cognitive cultural conceptualization of legal terms and expressions. This paper is an attempt to introduce new clues for sorting out a number of legal terminology in the light of latest cognitive approaches to the conceptualization of style which can be applied to legal language in the translation between the two languages, Arabic and English. This is achieved through introducing cognitive stylistic approaches to the conceptualization of the style of legal language in translation and how untrodden ways of legal meanings and implications can be traced and unearthed in the process. The paper ends up with so...
Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing, Jul 5, 2021
There has been an accumulation of a huge stuff of theorization about translation enveloping and c... more There has been an accumulation of a huge stuff of theorization about translation enveloping and cramming translation theory and threatening its existence by demeaning and probably blasting its bases, thus leading to the chaos in translation theory. Yet, a substantial part of this theorization is mere destructive theoricization that has caused considerable damage to translation theory. In translation, it aims at creating ambivalent situations and conflicting hypotheses in translation theory, tools and tactics, casting doubts on some basic topics of translation theory, including claims like untranslatability of culture, translation prescriptivism vs. descriptivism, equivalence as a chimera, breaking translation norms, regularities and boundaries, demoralising the SL text and putting it in the service of the TL culture and suspecting the definition of key terms in the field on the top of which is the term "translation. That would jeopardize the stability and credibility of translation theory as a whole, and may render it inoperative. This is indeed the most serious challenge for the substance of contemporary translation theory. The present paper is a comparative study drawn between the facts of genuine constructive theorization and damaging destructive theoricization that aims at suffocating any attempt to set out an institutionalized body of knowledge of guidelines and principles of a solid translation theory, and develop it in a systematic and on-the-ground way to tackle any new issue or problem of translation in application.
This paper is intended to lay the theoretical grounds for literary translation both in theory and... more This paper is intended to lay the theoretical grounds for literary translation both in theory and in practice. It provides definitions for basic terms and concepts of the major topics and issues pertaining to literary translation. Among the terms and concepts essential to the readers / students' background knowledge in this connection are: Literature, literary language vs. non-literary language; the literariness of literature, literary translation vs. un-literary translation, the literary translator and methods of literary translation. The paper ends with setting forth a creative literary stylistic method of translating literature. These points are scrupulously elaborated and updated to reflect the latest in the field. The ultimate objective of this paper is to provide a panoramic view of all means and requirements of a good literary translation today, and finally set forth a relatively new creative literary stylistics-based method of literary translation for the literary trans...
A good translation of a literary text is described as creative. This paper argues for the transla... more A good translation of a literary text is described as creative. This paper argues for the translation of Short Story creatively by constructing a literary piece of translation in the target language. Otherwise, the translation will be spiritless, non-creative and non-literary. The elements of creativity in literature are many, but the core element is style. This argument is confirmed by practical evidence derived from translated extracts from English short stories into Arabic. The elements of creativity and non-creativity in both texts, the SL and the TL, are pointed out and discussed in detail in relation to each example. The conclusions aimed to arrive at toward the end of this paper assert that short stories can be translated creatively and non-creatively, but the approved translation is the creative literary translation which is based on the elements of creativity highlighted in the discussion throughout the paper.
This paper is intended to lay some grounds for aspects of literary translation both in theory and... more This paper is intended to lay some grounds for aspects of literary translation both in theory and in practice. It provides definitions for basic terms and concepts of the major topics and issues pertaining to literary translation. Among the terms and concepts essential to the readers/students' background knowledge in this connection are: Literature, literary language vs. non-literary language; the literariness of literature, literary translation vs. non-literary translation, the literary translator and methods of literary translation. The paper ends with setting forth a creative literary stylistic method of translating literature. These points are scrupulously elaborated and updated to reflect the latest in the field. The ultimate objective of this paper is to provide a view of a number of means and requirements of a good literary translation today, and finally set forth a relatively creative approach to literary translation based on a literary stylistic method.
Metaphor is the key figure of rhetoric that usually implies a reference to figurative language in... more Metaphor is the key figure of rhetoric that usually implies a reference to figurative language in general. Therefore, it has always been attended to carefully by linguists, critics and writers. Traditionally, being originally a major aesthetic and rhetorical figure, it has been analysed and approached in terms of its constituent components (i.e. image, object, sense, etc.) and types (such as cliché, dead, anthropomorphic, recent, extended, compound, etc. metaphors). However, recently, and in the light of the latest developments of cognitive stylistics, metaphor has received yet greater attention from a completely different perspective of conceptualization and ideologization. Consequently, this change of perspective has its immediate effect on translation theory and practice, which has to be approached equally differently now with respect to translating metaphor. This paper is an attempt to consider the translation of metaphor from a cognitive stylistic perspective, viewing it primarily as a matter of conceptualization of topics, objects and people. All metaphors are in principle reflections and constructions of concepts, attitudes, mentalities and ideologies on the part of the writer / speaker. Hence, any metaphor is conceptualized in terms of source domain and target domain in different texts, especially literary discourse. In translation, an instant positive response to this conceptualization of metaphor is anticipated by translators into the target language, on the basis of the two domains, the source and the target.
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