Examination of the humpback red snapper, Lutjanus gibbus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae), from Lizard I... more Examination of the humpback red snapper, Lutjanus gibbus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae), from Lizard Island off the Great Barrier Reef and Rasdhoo Atoll, Maldives revealed the presence of a new species of Lobosorchis (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae), L. polygongylus n. sp. Lobosorchis polygongylus n. sp. is distinguished from the type-and only other species, L. tibaldiae by the combination of body size, oral spine number (60-81 in L. polygongylus, 47-56 in L. tibaldiae) and number of testes (13-25 in L. polygongylus, 9 in L. tibaldiae). Bayesian inference analysis using data from the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2), 5.8S and the large subunit (LSU) nuclear ribosomal DNA of L. polygongylus, L. tibaldiae and species of Beluesca, Caulanus, Chelediadema, Neometadena, Latuterus, Retrovarium and Siphoderina was performed to explore phylogenetic relationships of species of Lobosorchis with other cryptogonimid taxa. Despite the significant morphological differences between Lobosorchis polygongylus and L. tibaldiae, these two species differed consistently by only 5 base pairs (bp) over the entire ITS region (3 bp in ITS1, 0 bp in 5.8S and 2 bp in ITS2) and 1 bp in the LSU rDNA regions examined. The ITS2 rDNA region was sequenced from metacercariae obtained from the fins, flesh or body cavities of a number of fishes belonging to the Blenniidae, Pomacentridae and Tetraodontidae and analysed using minimum evolution analysis with L. polygongylus and L. tibaldiae. This revealed the presence of two additional genotypes (putative Lobosorchis sp. A and B), which consistently differed from L. polygongylus by 1 and 4 bp, L. tibaldiae by 1 and 4 bp and from each other by 3 bp over the ITS2 dataset. Although these genetic differences are relatively small, when evaluated in light of the differences observed between L. polygongylus and L. tibaldiae (which are morphologically quite distinct) and differences seen in other congeneric cryptogonimid taxa, the ITS2 rDNA data alone suggest that at least two more species of Lobosorchis are present at Lizard Island. These data also suggest that the ITS2 rDNA region alone is suitable for resolving operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the species level within the Cryptogonimidae based on what was observed in this and other cryptogonimid systems. A morphological description of metacercariae of L. tibaldiae obtained from two species of Pomacentridae at Heron Island, off the Great Barrier Reef is also provided.
We describe three new species of Cryptogonimidae belonging to two new genera, Caulanus gen. nov. ... more We describe three new species of Cryptogonimidae belonging to two new genera, Caulanus gen. nov. and Latuterus gen. nov., from the large piscivorous reef fish Lutjanus bohar ForsskDl, 1775, recovered from Heron and Lizard Islands off the Great Barrier Reef and Rasdhoo Atoll, Maldives. To support our morphologically based taxonomic approach, three nuclear ribosomal DNA regions (28S, ITS1 and ITS2) were sequenced and analysed to explore the geographic distribution and integrity of the putative species recovered from these widespread localities. Sequencing of the rDNA regions included multiple replicates and revealed three distinct genotypes. Two of the observed genotypes were associated with phenotypically similar specimens of Latuterus, but were each restricted to a single locality, Lizard Island, GBR or Rasdhoo Atoll, Maldives. A posteriori analysis of the associated morphotypes revealed distinct morphological differences and these consistent differences, in combination with the consistent genetic differences led to the recognition of two distinct species in the system. Caulanus is distinguished by having oral spines, caeca which open via ani at the posterior end of the body, tandem testes and uterus that extends from the posterior end of the body to the pharynx. Latuterus is distinguished by lacking oral spines, having multiple/follicular testes, a uterus that is extensive in both fore-and hindbody and vitelline follicles which are confined to the region from the pharynx to oral sucker. Caulanus thomasi sp. nov. had identical sequences for all of the rDNA regions examined from specimens recovered from all three localities, indicating that this species has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution. The species reported here are evidently restricted to Lutjanus bohar because they were never found in large numbers of other lutjanid species sampled at the same localities.
We report nine species, eight of which are new, of cryptogonimids belonging to Siphoderina Manter... more We report nine species, eight of which are new, of cryptogonimids belonging to Siphoderina Manter, 1934 from the intestine and pyloric caeca of five species of Lutjanidae (Lutjanus adetii, L. argentimaculatus, L. carponotatus, L. fulviflamma and L. russelli) and one species of Haemulidae (Plectorhinchus gibbosus) recovered from Heron and Lizard Islands off the Great Barrier Reef, Moreton Bay and Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia. We also report the metacercariae of two species from an atherinid fish, Atherinomorus capricornensis, from near Heron Island. Morphological analysis of the species reported here was augmented by DNA sequence analyses utilizing data from the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2, large subunit (LSU) and 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA to explore the integrity of the species and their biogeographic distributions. The analysis found strong support for the integrity of Siphoderina and found that it is the sister-taxon to Beluesca Miller et Cribb, 2007. Sequencing included multiple replicates and no intraspecific variation was observed between any of the taxa over the rDNA regions examined. Sequence data from the ITS and LSU regions were analysed with that of species of Beluesca,
The Cryptogonimidae is a large family found globally in the intestine or pyloric caeca of marine ... more The Cryptogonimidae is a large family found globally in the intestine or pyloric caeca of marine and freshwater teleosts, reptiles and, rarely, amphibians. This chapter describes the taxonomic history of the family, the subfamily classification, and the characteristics used in diagnosing cryptogonimid genera. A brief overview and key of the genera currently recognized within the family are provided. Several type species are illustrated.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 31, 2007
A survey of the parasites of Indo-West Pacific Haemulidae revealed the presence of three new cryp... more A survey of the parasites of Indo-West Pacific Haemulidae revealed the presence of three new cryptogonimid (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) species warranting two new genera, Beluesca littlewoodi n. gen., n. sp. and B. longicolla n. sp. from the intestine and pyloric caeca of Plectorhinchus gibbosus and Chelediadema marjoriae n. gen., n. sp. from the intestine and pyloric caeca of Diagramma labiosum, P. albovittatus and P. gibbosus from Heron and Lizard Islands off the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Beluesca n. gen. is distinguished from all other cryptogonimid genera by the combination of an elongate body, funnel-shaped oral sucker, relatively small number of large oral spines, highly lobed ovary, opposite to slightly oblique testes, uterine loops that are restricted to the hindbody and extend well posterior to the testes and vitelline follicles that may extend from the ovary into the forebody, but do not extend anterior to the intestinal bifurcation. Pseudallacanthochasmus plectorhynchi Mamaev, 1970 is transferred to Beluesca as B. plectorhyncha n. comb. based on morphological and ecological (host preference) characteristics. Chelediadema n. gen. is distinguished from all other cryptogonimid genera by the combination of a lanceolate body, relatively small number of large oral spines, prepharynx that is much longer than the oesophagus, tandem testes, uterine loops that are extensive in the hindbody and extend well posterior to the testes and vitelline follicles that extend from the ovary to the pharynx. Morphological analysis of the three species described here was augmented with DNA sequence analyses utilizing data from the large subunit (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2, and 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA. Sequence data from the LSU and ITS (encompassing the ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the taxa examined here were aligned with those reported for other cryptogonimids, Caulanus thomasi, Latuterus tkachi, Neometadena ovata, four representative species of Retrovarium and an undescribed species of Siphoderina, for comparative purposes and to explore levels of interspecific and intergeneric variation among these taxa. Minimum evolution analysis was conducted on a combined (LSU and ITS) dataset to explore relationships among these genera. Despite their superficial morphological and host preference similarities, species of Beluesca and Chelediadema were genetically distant from each other. Interspecific and intergeneric variation among the species described here is similar to that reported for other cryptogonimids.
Monostephanostomum nolani sp. n. is described from Carangoides plagiotaenia Bleeker, off Lizard I... more Monostephanostomum nolani sp. n. is described from Carangoides plagiotaenia Bleeker, off Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. It differs from all other species in the genus except M. manteri in that the vitellarium reaches into the forebody. It differs from M. manteri in the ventral hiatus in the circum-oral spine row, the extent of the vitellarium in the forebody, where it is not confluent, its elongate pharynx and its smaller eggs. Monostephanostomum krusei Reimer, 1983 is redescribed from Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch et Schneider) from Ningaloo Reef off Western Australia. It is considered similar to M. nolani, differing in the vitellarium being restricted to the hindbody, but sharing with M. nolani an unusual arrangement of small body-spines on the antero-ventral surface. It is also morphologically very similar to Monostephanostomum roytmani , which apparently lacks the diminutive antero-ventral body-spines. A key to eight recognized species in the genus is presented.
Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in a population of dogs with neg... more Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in a population of dogs with negative-pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) and to identify the main causes of the disease. To evaluate any associations with morbidity and mortality. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Three university teaching hospitals and two private referral centers. Animals: Thirty-five client-owned dogs presented with NPPE. Interventions: None Measurements and Main Results: Data collected included patient characteristics, clinical history, clinicopathological abnormalities, radiographic features, treatments and outcome. Median age was 4 months (range 2-90) and median weight was 7.1 kg (range 1.7-37.2). There were many causes of NPPE including leash tugs, near hanging, accidental choking, anatomical obstruction to airflow and purposeful airway obstruction by people. The most common cause of NPPE was accidental choking (40% of cases). Dogs with an anatomical obstruction were older than 24 months. Hypoxemia with an increased alveolar-arterial gradient was common on presentation. The majority of thoracic radiographs (65.7%) showed an alveolar or interstitial pattern in the caudodorsal area as previously described in the literature. Oxygen therapy was administered to 33 (94.3%) dogs. Furosemide was administered to 18 (51.4%) dogs. Median length of hospitalization was 2 days (range 0-14). Twenty-eight (80%) dogs survived to discharge. Seven dogs were mechanically ventilated and only 2 of them (28.6%) 2 survived to discharge. Requirement for mechanical ventilation (p<0.001) was the only parameter associated with mortality. Conclusions: Most cases of NPPE occur in juvenile dogs. Different incidents associated with upper airway obstruction can produce an episode of NPPE. Choking on food or toys and near hanging have not been previously described in the veterinary literature as inciting causes of NPPE. The overall prognosis is good.
The pelagic larval stage is a critical component of the life cycle of most coral reef fishes, but... more The pelagic larval stage is a critical component of the life cycle of most coral reef fishes, but the adaptive significance of this stage remains controversial. One hypothesis is that migrating through the pelagic environment reduces the risk a larval fish has of being parasitised. Most organisms interact with parasites, often with significant, detrimental consequences for the hosts. However, little is known about the parasites that larval fish have upon settlement, and the factors that affect the levels of parasitism. At settlement, coral reef fishes vary greatly in size and age (pelagic larval duration), which may influence the degree of parasitism. We identified and quantified the parasites of pre-settlement larvae from 44 species of coral reef fishes from the Great Barrier Reef and explored their relationship with host size and age at settlement, and phylogeny. Overall, less than 50% of the larval fishes were infected with parasites, and over 99% of these were endoparasites. A Bayesian phylogenetic regression was used to analyse host-parasite (presence and intensity) associations. The analysis showed parasite presence was not significantly related to fish size, and parasite intensity was not significantly related to fish age. A phylogenetic signal was detected for both parasite presence and intensity, indicating that, overall, closely related fish species were likely to have more similar susceptibility to parasites and similar levels of parasitism when compared to more distantly related species. The low prevalence of infection with any parasite type and the striking rarity of ectoparasites is consistent with the 'parasite avoidance hypothesis', which proposes that the pelagic phase of coral reef fishes results in reduced levels of parasitism.
We report nine species of the Schistorchiinae Yamaguti, 1942 (Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942) from ... more We report nine species of the Schistorchiinae Yamaguti, 1942 (Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942) from Indo-Pacific marine fishes. Molecular data (ITS2 and 28S rDNA and cox1 mtDNA) are provided for all species and the genus-level classification of the subfamily is revised. For Schistorchis Lühe, 1906, we report the type-species Sch. carneus Lühe, 1906 and Sch. skrjabini Parukhin, 1963. For Sphinteristomum Oshmarin, Mamaev & Parukhin, 1961 we report the type-species, Sph. acollum Oshmarin, Mamaev & Parukhin, 1961. We report and re-recognise Lobatotrema Manter, 1963, for the type and only species, L. aniferum Manter, 1963, previously a synonym of Sph. acollum. Lobatotrema aniferum is phylogenetically distant from, but morphologically similar to, Sph. acollum and Lobatotrema is recognised as a ‘cryptic genus’. We propose Blendiellan. gen. for B. trigintatestisn. sp. and B. tridecimtestisn. sp. These species are broadly consistent with the present morphological concept of Schistorchis but are...
We report four new species of monorchiids infecting teleost fishes from Australian waters. Two ne... more We report four new species of monorchiids infecting teleost fishes from Australian waters. Two new species of Paralasiotocus Wee, Cutmore, Pérez-del-Olmo & Cribb, 2020, Pa. abstrusus n. sp. and Pa. tectus n. sp., are described from haemulids of the Great Barrier Reef. The two species are morphologically cryptic and occur in sympatry but differ significantly in cox1 mtDNA and ITS2 rDNA sequence data. Paralasiotocus tectus n. sp. is found only in Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell) whereas Pa. abstrusus n. sp. infects Pl. albovittatus, Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier) and Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus). The two species differ from all known species of Paralasiotocus in the possession of a clear gap in the spines of the terminal organ. A new species is described from a mullid, Parupeneus spilurus (Bleeker), from off Heron Island and Moreton Bay. The new species is morphologically broadly consistent with the concept of Paralasiotocus in the possession of an unspined genital atrium, bipartite terminal organ, and lobed ovary. However, it possesses a highly lobed cirrus and is phylogenetically widely separated from the two species of Paralasiotocus characterized here, and thus we propose Lobucirruatus infloresco n. g., n. sp. Proctotrema prominens n. sp., is described from Pl. albovittatus. It is differentiated from all other species of Proctotrema in the combination of a prominent metraterm, slightly fusiform body, slightly funnel-shaped oral sucker, elongate cirrus-sac, unlobed ovary, and caeca that terminate in the post-testicular region.
The family Bivesiculidae is comprised of a small group of digeneans that are parasitic in the dig... more The family Bivesiculidae is comprised of a small group of digeneans that are parasitic in the digestive tract of marine fishes. Members of this family are characterized by the small body size, the lack of suckers, the reduced vitellarium, the fairly large eggs and the V-shaped excretory bladder. Molecular studies by Blair et al. (1998) revealed no close relationship between this family and any other digenean family and the molecular studies of Olson et al. (2003), and Littlewood et al. (2015) indicated that it is the most basally derived family in the Plagiorchiida.
Examination of the humpback red snapper, Lutjanus gibbus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae), from Lizard I... more Examination of the humpback red snapper, Lutjanus gibbus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae), from Lizard Island off the Great Barrier Reef and Rasdhoo Atoll, Maldives revealed the presence of a new species of Lobosorchis (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae), L. polygongylus n. sp. Lobosorchis polygongylus n. sp. is distinguished from the type-and only other species, L. tibaldiae by the combination of body size, oral spine number (60-81 in L. polygongylus, 47-56 in L. tibaldiae) and number of testes (13-25 in L. polygongylus, 9 in L. tibaldiae). Bayesian inference analysis using data from the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2), 5.8S and the large subunit (LSU) nuclear ribosomal DNA of L. polygongylus, L. tibaldiae and species of Beluesca, Caulanus, Chelediadema, Neometadena, Latuterus, Retrovarium and Siphoderina was performed to explore phylogenetic relationships of species of Lobosorchis with other cryptogonimid taxa. Despite the significant morphological differences between Lobosorchis polygongylus and L. tibaldiae, these two species differed consistently by only 5 base pairs (bp) over the entire ITS region (3 bp in ITS1, 0 bp in 5.8S and 2 bp in ITS2) and 1 bp in the LSU rDNA regions examined. The ITS2 rDNA region was sequenced from metacercariae obtained from the fins, flesh or body cavities of a number of fishes belonging to the Blenniidae, Pomacentridae and Tetraodontidae and analysed using minimum evolution analysis with L. polygongylus and L. tibaldiae. This revealed the presence of two additional genotypes (putative Lobosorchis sp. A and B), which consistently differed from L. polygongylus by 1 and 4 bp, L. tibaldiae by 1 and 4 bp and from each other by 3 bp over the ITS2 dataset. Although these genetic differences are relatively small, when evaluated in light of the differences observed between L. polygongylus and L. tibaldiae (which are morphologically quite distinct) and differences seen in other congeneric cryptogonimid taxa, the ITS2 rDNA data alone suggest that at least two more species of Lobosorchis are present at Lizard Island. These data also suggest that the ITS2 rDNA region alone is suitable for resolving operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the species level within the Cryptogonimidae based on what was observed in this and other cryptogonimid systems. A morphological description of metacercariae of L. tibaldiae obtained from two species of Pomacentridae at Heron Island, off the Great Barrier Reef is also provided.
We describe three new species of Cryptogonimidae belonging to two new genera, Caulanus gen. nov. ... more We describe three new species of Cryptogonimidae belonging to two new genera, Caulanus gen. nov. and Latuterus gen. nov., from the large piscivorous reef fish Lutjanus bohar ForsskDl, 1775, recovered from Heron and Lizard Islands off the Great Barrier Reef and Rasdhoo Atoll, Maldives. To support our morphologically based taxonomic approach, three nuclear ribosomal DNA regions (28S, ITS1 and ITS2) were sequenced and analysed to explore the geographic distribution and integrity of the putative species recovered from these widespread localities. Sequencing of the rDNA regions included multiple replicates and revealed three distinct genotypes. Two of the observed genotypes were associated with phenotypically similar specimens of Latuterus, but were each restricted to a single locality, Lizard Island, GBR or Rasdhoo Atoll, Maldives. A posteriori analysis of the associated morphotypes revealed distinct morphological differences and these consistent differences, in combination with the consistent genetic differences led to the recognition of two distinct species in the system. Caulanus is distinguished by having oral spines, caeca which open via ani at the posterior end of the body, tandem testes and uterus that extends from the posterior end of the body to the pharynx. Latuterus is distinguished by lacking oral spines, having multiple/follicular testes, a uterus that is extensive in both fore-and hindbody and vitelline follicles which are confined to the region from the pharynx to oral sucker. Caulanus thomasi sp. nov. had identical sequences for all of the rDNA regions examined from specimens recovered from all three localities, indicating that this species has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution. The species reported here are evidently restricted to Lutjanus bohar because they were never found in large numbers of other lutjanid species sampled at the same localities.
We report nine species, eight of which are new, of cryptogonimids belonging to Siphoderina Manter... more We report nine species, eight of which are new, of cryptogonimids belonging to Siphoderina Manter, 1934 from the intestine and pyloric caeca of five species of Lutjanidae (Lutjanus adetii, L. argentimaculatus, L. carponotatus, L. fulviflamma and L. russelli) and one species of Haemulidae (Plectorhinchus gibbosus) recovered from Heron and Lizard Islands off the Great Barrier Reef, Moreton Bay and Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia. We also report the metacercariae of two species from an atherinid fish, Atherinomorus capricornensis, from near Heron Island. Morphological analysis of the species reported here was augmented by DNA sequence analyses utilizing data from the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2, large subunit (LSU) and 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA to explore the integrity of the species and their biogeographic distributions. The analysis found strong support for the integrity of Siphoderina and found that it is the sister-taxon to Beluesca Miller et Cribb, 2007. Sequencing included multiple replicates and no intraspecific variation was observed between any of the taxa over the rDNA regions examined. Sequence data from the ITS and LSU regions were analysed with that of species of Beluesca,
The Cryptogonimidae is a large family found globally in the intestine or pyloric caeca of marine ... more The Cryptogonimidae is a large family found globally in the intestine or pyloric caeca of marine and freshwater teleosts, reptiles and, rarely, amphibians. This chapter describes the taxonomic history of the family, the subfamily classification, and the characteristics used in diagnosing cryptogonimid genera. A brief overview and key of the genera currently recognized within the family are provided. Several type species are illustrated.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 31, 2007
A survey of the parasites of Indo-West Pacific Haemulidae revealed the presence of three new cryp... more A survey of the parasites of Indo-West Pacific Haemulidae revealed the presence of three new cryptogonimid (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) species warranting two new genera, Beluesca littlewoodi n. gen., n. sp. and B. longicolla n. sp. from the intestine and pyloric caeca of Plectorhinchus gibbosus and Chelediadema marjoriae n. gen., n. sp. from the intestine and pyloric caeca of Diagramma labiosum, P. albovittatus and P. gibbosus from Heron and Lizard Islands off the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Beluesca n. gen. is distinguished from all other cryptogonimid genera by the combination of an elongate body, funnel-shaped oral sucker, relatively small number of large oral spines, highly lobed ovary, opposite to slightly oblique testes, uterine loops that are restricted to the hindbody and extend well posterior to the testes and vitelline follicles that may extend from the ovary into the forebody, but do not extend anterior to the intestinal bifurcation. Pseudallacanthochasmus plectorhynchi Mamaev, 1970 is transferred to Beluesca as B. plectorhyncha n. comb. based on morphological and ecological (host preference) characteristics. Chelediadema n. gen. is distinguished from all other cryptogonimid genera by the combination of a lanceolate body, relatively small number of large oral spines, prepharynx that is much longer than the oesophagus, tandem testes, uterine loops that are extensive in the hindbody and extend well posterior to the testes and vitelline follicles that extend from the ovary to the pharynx. Morphological analysis of the three species described here was augmented with DNA sequence analyses utilizing data from the large subunit (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2, and 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA. Sequence data from the LSU and ITS (encompassing the ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the taxa examined here were aligned with those reported for other cryptogonimids, Caulanus thomasi, Latuterus tkachi, Neometadena ovata, four representative species of Retrovarium and an undescribed species of Siphoderina, for comparative purposes and to explore levels of interspecific and intergeneric variation among these taxa. Minimum evolution analysis was conducted on a combined (LSU and ITS) dataset to explore relationships among these genera. Despite their superficial morphological and host preference similarities, species of Beluesca and Chelediadema were genetically distant from each other. Interspecific and intergeneric variation among the species described here is similar to that reported for other cryptogonimids.
Monostephanostomum nolani sp. n. is described from Carangoides plagiotaenia Bleeker, off Lizard I... more Monostephanostomum nolani sp. n. is described from Carangoides plagiotaenia Bleeker, off Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. It differs from all other species in the genus except M. manteri in that the vitellarium reaches into the forebody. It differs from M. manteri in the ventral hiatus in the circum-oral spine row, the extent of the vitellarium in the forebody, where it is not confluent, its elongate pharynx and its smaller eggs. Monostephanostomum krusei Reimer, 1983 is redescribed from Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch et Schneider) from Ningaloo Reef off Western Australia. It is considered similar to M. nolani, differing in the vitellarium being restricted to the hindbody, but sharing with M. nolani an unusual arrangement of small body-spines on the antero-ventral surface. It is also morphologically very similar to Monostephanostomum roytmani , which apparently lacks the diminutive antero-ventral body-spines. A key to eight recognized species in the genus is presented.
Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in a population of dogs with neg... more Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in a population of dogs with negative-pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) and to identify the main causes of the disease. To evaluate any associations with morbidity and mortality. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Three university teaching hospitals and two private referral centers. Animals: Thirty-five client-owned dogs presented with NPPE. Interventions: None Measurements and Main Results: Data collected included patient characteristics, clinical history, clinicopathological abnormalities, radiographic features, treatments and outcome. Median age was 4 months (range 2-90) and median weight was 7.1 kg (range 1.7-37.2). There were many causes of NPPE including leash tugs, near hanging, accidental choking, anatomical obstruction to airflow and purposeful airway obstruction by people. The most common cause of NPPE was accidental choking (40% of cases). Dogs with an anatomical obstruction were older than 24 months. Hypoxemia with an increased alveolar-arterial gradient was common on presentation. The majority of thoracic radiographs (65.7%) showed an alveolar or interstitial pattern in the caudodorsal area as previously described in the literature. Oxygen therapy was administered to 33 (94.3%) dogs. Furosemide was administered to 18 (51.4%) dogs. Median length of hospitalization was 2 days (range 0-14). Twenty-eight (80%) dogs survived to discharge. Seven dogs were mechanically ventilated and only 2 of them (28.6%) 2 survived to discharge. Requirement for mechanical ventilation (p<0.001) was the only parameter associated with mortality. Conclusions: Most cases of NPPE occur in juvenile dogs. Different incidents associated with upper airway obstruction can produce an episode of NPPE. Choking on food or toys and near hanging have not been previously described in the veterinary literature as inciting causes of NPPE. The overall prognosis is good.
The pelagic larval stage is a critical component of the life cycle of most coral reef fishes, but... more The pelagic larval stage is a critical component of the life cycle of most coral reef fishes, but the adaptive significance of this stage remains controversial. One hypothesis is that migrating through the pelagic environment reduces the risk a larval fish has of being parasitised. Most organisms interact with parasites, often with significant, detrimental consequences for the hosts. However, little is known about the parasites that larval fish have upon settlement, and the factors that affect the levels of parasitism. At settlement, coral reef fishes vary greatly in size and age (pelagic larval duration), which may influence the degree of parasitism. We identified and quantified the parasites of pre-settlement larvae from 44 species of coral reef fishes from the Great Barrier Reef and explored their relationship with host size and age at settlement, and phylogeny. Overall, less than 50% of the larval fishes were infected with parasites, and over 99% of these were endoparasites. A Bayesian phylogenetic regression was used to analyse host-parasite (presence and intensity) associations. The analysis showed parasite presence was not significantly related to fish size, and parasite intensity was not significantly related to fish age. A phylogenetic signal was detected for both parasite presence and intensity, indicating that, overall, closely related fish species were likely to have more similar susceptibility to parasites and similar levels of parasitism when compared to more distantly related species. The low prevalence of infection with any parasite type and the striking rarity of ectoparasites is consistent with the 'parasite avoidance hypothesis', which proposes that the pelagic phase of coral reef fishes results in reduced levels of parasitism.
We report nine species of the Schistorchiinae Yamaguti, 1942 (Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942) from ... more We report nine species of the Schistorchiinae Yamaguti, 1942 (Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942) from Indo-Pacific marine fishes. Molecular data (ITS2 and 28S rDNA and cox1 mtDNA) are provided for all species and the genus-level classification of the subfamily is revised. For Schistorchis Lühe, 1906, we report the type-species Sch. carneus Lühe, 1906 and Sch. skrjabini Parukhin, 1963. For Sphinteristomum Oshmarin, Mamaev & Parukhin, 1961 we report the type-species, Sph. acollum Oshmarin, Mamaev & Parukhin, 1961. We report and re-recognise Lobatotrema Manter, 1963, for the type and only species, L. aniferum Manter, 1963, previously a synonym of Sph. acollum. Lobatotrema aniferum is phylogenetically distant from, but morphologically similar to, Sph. acollum and Lobatotrema is recognised as a ‘cryptic genus’. We propose Blendiellan. gen. for B. trigintatestisn. sp. and B. tridecimtestisn. sp. These species are broadly consistent with the present morphological concept of Schistorchis but are...
We report four new species of monorchiids infecting teleost fishes from Australian waters. Two ne... more We report four new species of monorchiids infecting teleost fishes from Australian waters. Two new species of Paralasiotocus Wee, Cutmore, Pérez-del-Olmo & Cribb, 2020, Pa. abstrusus n. sp. and Pa. tectus n. sp., are described from haemulids of the Great Barrier Reef. The two species are morphologically cryptic and occur in sympatry but differ significantly in cox1 mtDNA and ITS2 rDNA sequence data. Paralasiotocus tectus n. sp. is found only in Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell) whereas Pa. abstrusus n. sp. infects Pl. albovittatus, Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier) and Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus). The two species differ from all known species of Paralasiotocus in the possession of a clear gap in the spines of the terminal organ. A new species is described from a mullid, Parupeneus spilurus (Bleeker), from off Heron Island and Moreton Bay. The new species is morphologically broadly consistent with the concept of Paralasiotocus in the possession of an unspined genital atrium, bipartite terminal organ, and lobed ovary. However, it possesses a highly lobed cirrus and is phylogenetically widely separated from the two species of Paralasiotocus characterized here, and thus we propose Lobucirruatus infloresco n. g., n. sp. Proctotrema prominens n. sp., is described from Pl. albovittatus. It is differentiated from all other species of Proctotrema in the combination of a prominent metraterm, slightly fusiform body, slightly funnel-shaped oral sucker, elongate cirrus-sac, unlobed ovary, and caeca that terminate in the post-testicular region.
The family Bivesiculidae is comprised of a small group of digeneans that are parasitic in the dig... more The family Bivesiculidae is comprised of a small group of digeneans that are parasitic in the digestive tract of marine fishes. Members of this family are characterized by the small body size, the lack of suckers, the reduced vitellarium, the fairly large eggs and the V-shaped excretory bladder. Molecular studies by Blair et al. (1998) revealed no close relationship between this family and any other digenean family and the molecular studies of Olson et al. (2003), and Littlewood et al. (2015) indicated that it is the most basally derived family in the Plagiorchiida.
Uploads
Papers by Thomas Cribb