Papers by Raimundo Sánchez
InfoDesign - Revista Brasileira de Design da Informação
This study investigates the diabetes management strategies of three high-level athletes with Type... more This study investigates the diabetes management strategies of three high-level athletes with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) during the 43rd London Marathon. The athletes’ strategies, which included insulin dose adjustments, carbohydrate intake, and monitoring techniques, were analyzed using a collaborative autoethnographic approach and data from medical and running devices. The athletes, two males and one female, used various technologies such as Supersapiens, Freestyle Libre, and the Medtronic Minimed 780Ginsulin pump to manage their diabetes during the marathon. Despite individual challenges, all three athletes successfully completed the marathon. The study presents the strategies, glycemic data, and major highlights using visual narratives, providing valuable insights into the experiences of athletes with T1D during endurance events. These narratives effectively communicate the challenges faced by athletes with T1D and can help optimize diabetes management during endurance events.
Revista de Teledetección
La delimitación de áreas quemadas es un paso importante para el estudio de incendios forestales, ... more La delimitación de áreas quemadas es un paso importante para el estudio de incendios forestales, y el uso de teledetección satelital permite una metodología escalable. Estudios previos utilizan un umbral de dNBR para determinar la presencia de áreas incendiadas, pero este umbral se ve afectado por la variabilidad vegetacional determinada por la geografía del área de estudio y la cobertura de uso de suelos. Por ello, se utilizó la diferencia del índice normalizado de áreas quemadas (dNBR) para estudiar los mega incendios que afectaron la zona central de Chile en el verano de 2017. Se desarrolló una metodología automatizada que a partir de imágenes satelitales y de polígonos de las áreas incendiadas provistos por la Corporación Nacional Forestal de Chile (CONAF) genera un set de umbrales de dNBR diferenciados por región administrativa y uso de suelo. La aplicación de umbrales de dNBR diferenciados permite mejorar significativamente la precisión del modelo de delimitación de áreas quem...
Retos
In the field of sport psychology, trait theories view personality characteristics as the main det... more In the field of sport psychology, trait theories view personality characteristics as the main determinants of behavior. This study explored personality traits in athletes of a growing sport, trail or mountain ultrarunning, a group for which previous studies have yielded inconclusive results regarding the dominant traits and which traits are associated with sporting success. The NEO-FFI questionnaire by Costa and McCrae (1992) was applied online to a sample of 86 trail runners (60 men and 26 women), who participated in a competition in Chile. It sought to determine what the personality profile of these athletes was like; to identify if there were significant differences between this population and the normal population; and if there were differences among them according to gender, the distance in which they competed, the results in the competition, and the motivations they stated for running. For each comparison, a Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test was performed to measure its differences and r...
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
IntroductionMaintaining glycemic control during and after physical activity (PA) is a major chall... more IntroductionMaintaining glycemic control during and after physical activity (PA) is a major challenge in type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study compared the glycemic variability and exercise-related diabetic management strategies of adults with T1D achieving higher and lower PA loads in nighttime–daytime and active– sedentary behavior hours in free-living conditions.Research design and methodsActive adults (n=28) with T1D (ages: 35±10 years; diabetes duration: 21±11 years; body mass index: 24.8±3.4 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin A1c: 6.9±0.6%) on continuous subcutaneous insulin delivery system with predictive low glucose suspend system and glucose monitoring, performed different types, duration and intensity of PA under free-living conditions, tracked by accelerometer over 14 days. Participants were equally divided into lower load (LL) and higher load (HL) by median of daily counts per minute (61122). Glycemic variability was studied monitoring predefined time in glycemic ranges (time in ran...
Frontiers in Psychology
Through analytical autoethnographic analysis of marathon preparation, this study examines challen... more Through analytical autoethnographic analysis of marathon preparation, this study examines challenges faced by people with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) who engage in high-performance sports. Autoethnographer and second-person perspectives (T1D runners, family members, and health providers) were collected through introspective activities (autoethnographic diary and in-depth interviews) to understand the T1D runner’s coping experience. Six insights involved in T1D self-management were identified and analyzed with reference to related design tools (prototyping, archetyping and journey mapping). Finally, we conclude with a discussion of how endurance physical activity (PA) such as running helps to “domesticate” T1D, a term coined to reflect the difficulties that T1D presents for PA accomplishment and how T1D runners’ experiences give them an opportunity to overcome PA barriers promoting physical culture and enriching further health psychology studies.
Retos, 2020
El objetivo de este estudio es describir una metodología de seguimiento de un atleta de Trail Run... more El objetivo de este estudio es describir una metodología de seguimiento de un atleta de Trail Running (TR) durante cinco años a través de la captura de datos provenientes de dispositivos digitales, permitiendo asociar el ritmo de carrera y su velocidad en función de la pendiente. Se obtuvo desde la plataforma Strava las trayectorias generadas por el sistema de posicionamiento global (SPG). A partir de esta información se obtuvieron los registros de distancia horizontal, diferencia de altitud, pendiente, velocidad horizontal y velocidad vertical. Para poder analizar todo el espectro de registros en cada semana de entrenamiento se calibró un modelo de regresión cuantílica, utilizando un rango de 8 semanas precedentes y se extrajeron, para cada decil del desempeño registrado, los parámetros P0: ritmo mínimo; m1: ángulo crítico C+ (registro relativo de correr en subidas) y C- (registro relativo de correr en bajadas). Se concluye que la captura de datos diarios a través de un dispositivo...
Comparative evaluation of wearable devices for measuring elevation gain in mountain physical activities
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 2020
The aim of this article is to examine the validity of elevation gain measures in mountain activit... more The aim of this article is to examine the validity of elevation gain measures in mountain activities, such as hiking and mountain running, using different wearable devices and post-processing procedures. In particular, a total of 202 efforts were recorded and evaluated using three standard devices: GPS watch, GPS watch with barometric altimeter, and smartphone. A benchmark was based on orthorectified aerial photogrammetric survey conducted by the Chilean Air Force. All devices presented considerable elevation gain measuring errors, where the barometric device consistently overestimated elevation gain, while the GPS devices consistently underestimated elevation gain. The incorporation of secondary information in the post-processing can substantially improve the elevation gain measuring accuracy independently of the device and altitude measuring technology, reducing the error from −5% to −1%. These results could help coaches and athletes correct elevation gain estimations using the pr...
Applied Soil Ecology, 2017
Soil ecosystem dynamics are influenced by the composition of bacterial communities and environmen... more Soil ecosystem dynamics are influenced by the composition of bacterial communities and environmental conditions. A common approach to study bacterial successional dynamics is to survey the trajectories and patterns that follow bacterial community assemblages; however early successional stages have received little attention. To elucidate how soil type and chemical amendments influence both the trajectories that follow early compositional changes and the architecture of the community bacterial networks in soil bacterial succession, a time series experiment of soil microcosm experiments was performed. Soil bacterial communities were initially perturbed by dilution and subsequently subjected to three amendments: application of the pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, as a pesticide-amended succession; application of cycloheximide, an inhibitor affecting primarily eukaryotic microorganisms, as a eukaryotic-inhibition bacterial succession; or application of sterile water as a non-perturbed control. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene isolated from soil microcosms was used to generate bacterial relative abundance datasets. Bray-Curtis similarity and beta diversity partition-based methods were applied to identify the trajectories that follow changes in bacterial community composition. Results demonstrated that bacterial communities exposed to these three conditions rapidly differentiated from the starting point (less than 12 h), followed different compositional change trajectories depending on the treatment, and quickly converged to a state similar to the initial community (48-72 h). Network inference analysis was applied using a generalized Lotka-Volterra model to provide an overview of bacterial OTU interactions and to follow the changes in bacterial community networks. This analysis revealed that antagonistic interactions increased when eukaryotes were inhibited, whereas cooperative interactions increased under pesticide influence. Moreover, central OTUs from soil bacterial community networks were also persistent OTUs, thus confirming the existence of a core bacterial community and that these same OTUs could plastically interact according to the perturbation type to quickly stabilize bacterial communities undergoing succession.
Identifying an optimal analysis level in multiscalar regionalization: A study case of social distress in Greater Santiago
Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 2016
Abstract Assembling spatial units into meaningful clusters is a challenging task, as it must cope... more Abstract Assembling spatial units into meaningful clusters is a challenging task, as it must cope with a consequential computational complexity while controlling for the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), spatial autocorrelation and attribute multicolinearity. Nevertheless, these effects can reveal significant interactions among diverse spatial phenomena, such as segregation and economic specialization. Various regionalization methods have been developed in order to address these questions, but key fundamental properties of the aggregation of spatial entities are still poorly understood. In particular, due to the lack of an objective stopping rule, the question of determining an optimal number of clusters is yet unresolved. Therefore, we develop a clustering algorithm which is sensitive to scalar variations of multivariate spatial correlations, recalculating PCA scores at several aggregation steps in order to account for differences in the span of autocorrelation effects for diverse variables. With these settings, the scalar evolution of correlation, compactness and isolation measures is compared between empirical and 120 random datasets, using two dissimilarity measures. Remarkably, adjusting several indicators with real and simulated data allows for a clear definition of a stopping rule for spatial hierarchical clustering. Indeed, increasing correlations with scale in random datasets are spurious MAUP effects, so they can be discounted from real data results in order to identify an optimal clustering level, as defined by the maximum of authentic spatial self-organization. This allows singling out the most socially distressed areas in Greater Santiago, thus providing relevant socio-spatial insights from their cartographic and statistical analysis. In sum, we develop a useful methodology to improve the fundamental comprehension of spatial interdependence and multiscalar self-organizing phenomena, while linking these questions to relevant real world issues.
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Papers by Raimundo Sánchez