Books by Nicholas Aroney
This handbook provides a toolbox of definitions and typologies to develop a theory of multilevel ... more This handbook provides a toolbox of definitions and typologies to develop a theory of multilevel constitutionalism and subnational constitutions.
The volume examines systems with subnational entities that have full subnational constituent autonomy and systems where subnational constituent powers, while claimed by subnational governments, are incomplete or non-existent. Understanding why complete subnational constituent power exists or is denied sheds significant light on the status and functioning of subnational constitutions. The book deals with questions of how constitutions at multiple levels of a political system can co-exist and interact. The term ‘multilevel constitutionalism’, recognized as explaining how a supranational European constitution can exist alongside those of the Member States, is now used to capture dynamics between constitutions at the national, subnational and, where applicable, supranational levels. Broad in scope, the book encompasses many different types of multi-tiered systems world-wide to map the possible meanings, uses and challenges of subnational or state constitutions in a variety of political and societal contexts.
The book develops the building blocks of an explanatory theory of subnational constitutionalism and as such will be an essential reference for all those interested in comparative constitutional law, federalism and governance.
The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia examines the body of constitutional jurispruden... more The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia examines the body of constitutional jurisprudence in an original and rigorous yet accessible way. It begins by exploring the historical and intellectual context of ideas surrounding the Constitution's inception, and closely examines its text, structure, principles and purposes in that light. The book then unpacks and critically analyses the High Court's interpretation of the Constitution in a manner that follows the Constitution's own logic and method of organisation. Each topic is defined through detailed reference to the existing case law, which is set out historically to facilitate an appreciation of the progressive development of constitutional doctrine since the Constitution came into force in 1901. The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia provides an engaging and distinctive treatment of this fundamental area of law. It is an excellent book for anyone seeking to understand the significance and interpretation of the Constitution.
Table of Contents
1. Australian federalism: past, present and future tense Gabrielle Appleby,... more Table of Contents
1. Australian federalism: past, present and future tense Gabrielle Appleby, Nicholas Aroney and Thomas John
Part I. The Federal-State Balance:
2. The federal balance Stephen Gageler
3. The incredible shrinking Federation: voyage to a singular state? The Hon. Chief Justice Robert French AC
4. A sketch of the modern Australian Federation The Hon. Chief Justice Paul de Jersey AC
5. The still reluctant state: Western Australia and the conceptual foundations of Australian federalism Augusto Zimmermann
6. The division of powers in federal systems: comparative lessons for Australia Greg Taylor
Part II. Instituting Structural Reform: Comparative Perspectives:
7. Reforming German federalism Arthur B. Gunlicks
8. Polyphonic federalism: the United States experience Robert A. Schapiro
9. The rise of coercive federalism in the United States: dynamic change with little formal reform John Kincaid
10. The bargaining game: Canada as a new model of federal governance Thomas O. Hueglin
11. 'Bis hierher sollst du kommen und nicht weiter': the German constitutional court and the boundaries of the European integration process Cornelia Koch
Part III. Federalism and Multi-ethnic Societies:
12. Dynamics of federalism: a comparative analysis of recent developments in federations and countries in transition to federalism Thomas Fleiner
13. Religious identities: testing the underlying preconceptions of Canadian federalism? Jean-François Gaudreault-DesBiens
14. Foedus pacificum: a response to ethnic regionalism within nation states Suri Ratnapala
15. Federal diversity in Australia: a counter narrative Nicholas Aroney, Scott Prasser and Alison Taylor
Part IV. Fiscal Federalism:
16. Fiscal federalism in Canada: principles, practices, problems Robin Boadway
17. Fiscal federalism: then and now Brian Galligan
18. Fiscal decentralisation and macroeconomic performance in Australia Philip Bodman
Part V. Reforming Australia's Federal System:
19. Escaping purgatory: public opinion and the future of Australia's federal system A. J. Brown
20. The Rudd reforms and the future of Australian federalism Alan Fenna and Geoff Anderson
21. Co-operative arrangements in comparative perspective Cheryl Saunders
22. Federalism and the Australian judicial system – back to the future: the autochthonous expedient and other devices The Hon. Justice Margaret White
23. Federalism in Australia: gazing in the crystal ball of constitutional reform Anne Twomey.
By analysing original sources and evaluating conceptual frameworks, Nicholas Aroney discusses the... more By analysing original sources and evaluating conceptual frameworks, Nicholas Aroney discusses the idea proclaimed in the Preamble to the Constitution that Australia is a federal commonwealth. Taking careful account of the influence which the American, Canadian and Swiss Constitutions had upon the framers of the Australian Constitution, the author shows how the framers wrestled with the problem of integrating federal ideas with inherited British traditions and their own experiences of parliamentary government. In so doing, the book explains how the Constitution came into being in the context of the groundswell of federal ideas then sweeping the English-speaking world. In advancing an original argument about the relationship between the formation of the Constitution, the representative institutions, configurations of power and amending formulas contained therein, fresh light is shed on the terms and structure of the Constitution and a range of problems associated with its interpretation and practical operation are addressed.
In February 2008, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, delivered a public lecture in ... more In February 2008, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, delivered a public lecture in which he stated that it "seem[ed] unavoidable" that certain aspects of Islamic law (Shari'a) would be recognized and incorporated into British law. The comments provoked outrage from sections of the public who viewed any recognition of Shari'a law in Britain with alarm. In July 2008 Lord Phillips, Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, weighed into the fray. He praised the Archbishop's speech and gave qualified support for Shari'a principles to govern certain family and civil disputes.
Responding to the polarised debate that followed these lectures, this is a collection of short essays written by distinguished and prominent scholars addressing the question of the accommodation of Shari'a within the legal systems of the liberal-democratic West. The matters raised in the two 2008 lectures provide a springboard for lively discussion, criticism and debate on both the specific question of religious/cultural accommodation by the law and the wider issues of multiculturalism, equality before the law and the desirability of parallel jurisdictions for particular faith communities.
Leading scholars from a range of countries and academic disciplines, and representing different political viewpoints and faith traditions explore the complex issues surrounding the legal recognition of religious faith in a multicultural society.
The volume aims to stimulate further thought on a complex issue, and to open up new pathways for policymakers and civil society institutions grappling with the relationship between Shari'a and Western legal systems.
"We live in an elective dictatorship, absolute in theory, if hitherto thought tolerable in practi... more "We live in an elective dictatorship, absolute in theory, if hitherto thought tolerable in practice."
These words were used by Lord Hailsham, a veteran Conservative politician in Britain, to describe the reality of government in his country in 1976. The British Parliament, he added, was controlled by a 'government machine' and debate in it was becoming 'a ritual dance, sometimes interspersed with catcalls'.
Today, Hailsham's words perhaps carry even greater force, not only in Britain but also in Australia, Canada and New Zealand, three other western democracies that adopted the Westminster parliamentary system. If Australians, Canadians and New Zealanders are, like Britons, living under 'elective dictatorships' then how can their elected, single-party 'government machines' be kept in check?
That is the key question examined in this book. Political theorists of the past claimed that the upper houses, or 'houses of review', of bicameral Westminster-style parliaments-Britain's House of Lords, the Australian Senate, the Australian State Legislative Councils-offered a solution because they prevented governments from imposing their will upon their peoples without restraint.
That, at least, was the nineteenth-century theory. But what is the twenty-first-century reality?
This book contains chapters from twenty-one leading international scholars and politicians on the history, the recent performance and the future of upper houses of parliament in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Contributors include:
The Hon. Bill Hayden, AC, Former Governor-General of Australia
Professor John Uhr, Australian National University
Professor Geoffrey Brennan, Australian National University
Dr. Meg Russell, Constitution Unit, University College London
Mr. Harry Evans, Clerk of the Australian Senate
Senator George Brandis, SC
Senator John Hogg
Professor Paul G. Thomas, University of Manitoba
Professor David C. Docherty, Wilfrid Laurier University
Mr. Graeme Starr
Dr. Bruce Stone, University of Western Australia
Professor Brian Costar, Swinburne University
Dr. Clement Macintyre, University of Adelaide
Professor John Williams, University of Adelaide
Hon. Justice B.H. McPherson, CBE, Former Judge of Appeal of the Supreme Court of Qld
Dr. Janet Ransley, Griffith University
Professor Gerard Carney, Bond University
Emeritus Professor Colin A. Hughes, University of Queensland
In recent years, the decisions and methods of the High Court of Australia have been the subject o... more In recent years, the decisions and methods of the High Court of Australia have been the subject of intense scrutiny and sometimes harsh criticism. This book uses the landmark Freedom of Speech cases decided by the High Court since 1992 to analyse the nature of judicial review. Although he is sympathetic towards the results the court achieved, he believes that ultimately their reasoning cannot be sustained.
Papers by Nicholas Aroney
ANU Press eBooks, Jul 11, 2023
Local government across Australia's state and territory jurisdictions continues to be a dynamic a... more Local government across Australia's state and territory jurisdictions continues to be a dynamic and varied domain of public administration reform. This chapter maps the changing number and types of local government, noting the tendencies for consolidation, regional cooperation and the emerging role of First Nations authorities before focusing on the systems of intergovernmental relations. A comparative portrait of contemporary local government finance is provided before the internal organisation of local authorities and the increasingly salient requirement for community engagement are examined. A strategic view of local government in Australia suggests that while, up until recently, an emboldened view of the role of local authorities was both touted and expected, the resurgence of the sovereign states under the response to the COVID-19 pandemic has seen local authorities returned to their traditional place in Australia's intergovernmental system, with a focus on competence and sustainability and notwithstanding variation across the federation.
Revue française de droit constitutionnel
Federal Law Review
The Australian Charities and Not-for-Profits Commission Act 2012 and Australian Charities and Not... more The Australian Charities and Not-for-Profits Commission Act 2012 and Australian Charities and Not-for-Profits Commission Regulation 2013 have established a comprehensive regulatory framework for the charities and not-for-profit sector at a federal level. When making the Act and Regulation the Commonwealth relied upon several heads of legislative power in section 51 of the Constitution, the most important of which is the taxation power. This article develops and assesses three arguments why the relevant provisions of the legislative scheme are not supported by the taxation power. These arguments are, firstly, that the Act and Regulations do not have a sufficient connection to the subject matter of taxation, secondly, that they are not reasonably capable of being considered appropriate and adapted to achieving a legitimate purpose or object that falls within the taxation power and, thirdly, that in combination with the Income Tax Act 1986 and Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, they impos...
The Routledge Handbook of Subnational Constitutions and Constitutionalism, 2021
This article offers an account of constitutional amendment within federations that focuses on the... more This article offers an account of constitutional amendment within federations that focuses on the underlying question of the relationship between the federation and its constituent states. Its starting point is the proposition that we cannot begin to understand constitutional change within federal systems without grappling with the fact that a federation is a polity composed of polities. The further premise of the article is that amendment clauses are closely related to, although not simply identical with, the constituent power underlying a constitution. It is argued that mechanisms of constitutional change within federal systems are best understood when related to the constitutive power upon which each federation is founded, and continues to operate. In federal systems, however, the location of constituent power is complicated by the existence of two sets of polities. Where in a federal system is constituent power located? Is it in the federation as a whole, the component states, o...
One of the major tensions about human rights in many Western countries today is how to resolve cl... more One of the major tensions about human rights in many Western countries today is how to resolve clashes between anti-discrimination norms and the freedom of religious organisations to maintain their teaching and codes of conduct. In this article we propose that this tension is best understood, not as a conflict between ‘equality’ and ‘religion’, but rather as a failure to better reconcile the individual and communal dimensions of human rights. We argue that a focus on individual rights, without recognising the significance of associational and communal rights, involves a deficient understanding of international human rights standards and leads to lop-sided social policy. We suggest that the tensions that are now arising involve the working out of a conflict between two competing social ontologies – one which is reductively individualistic and another which affirms the need for a broad degree of autonomy for minority communities. This second social ontology is related to what Michael ...
The historical proponents of liberal democracy have often taken it for granted that religious rea... more The historical proponents of liberal democracy have often taken it for granted that religious reasoning in public discourse ought to be restricted, somewhat paradoxically, for the sake of religious liberty. The reasons for this intuition can probably be traced back to their search for relief from religious persecution, religious hegemony, or a general lack of freedom to form their own values. From our vantage at the precipice of modernity, there can be little doubt that religion has played a difficult role in the socio-political life of the citizen in a liberal democracy. We simultaneously want the freedom to live as we choose within certain boundaries while maintaining that the government have the right to coerce our neighbours, if necessary, to respect those boundaries. But on what grounds shall we make our decisions about how to legislate coercion? It is clearly imperative that we have some agreement on the reasoning that we use to decide on matters of public policy; for otherwise, we have no hope for consensus on important political questions and every new challenge will embroil us in controversy. I propose that our guiding principle be that we employ whatever reasoning is the most accessible to our fellow citizens for whom the policy in question will matter. 1 Since religious and secular reasons tend to lie in various places on this spectrum of epistemic accessibility, one cannot say that secular reasons alone should be permitted at the exclusion of religious reasons. Still, we will find in practise that secular reasons will tend to be more accessible to the general public than religious reasoning. So we ought primarily to use secular rationale for public policies, but we should be allowed to " over-determine " such justifications with auxiliary religious reasons as well. Indeed, I think that the use of religious reasoning in public discourse can improve the cultural atmosphere of hil 330 The Place of Religious 1 Although these ideas are my own, I have clarified them by drawing on the ideas of Kent Greenawalt from his book, Private Consciences and Public Reasons, Oxford (1995). Cf. esp. Ch. 4. This reading is ancillary.
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Books by Nicholas Aroney
The volume examines systems with subnational entities that have full subnational constituent autonomy and systems where subnational constituent powers, while claimed by subnational governments, are incomplete or non-existent. Understanding why complete subnational constituent power exists or is denied sheds significant light on the status and functioning of subnational constitutions. The book deals with questions of how constitutions at multiple levels of a political system can co-exist and interact. The term ‘multilevel constitutionalism’, recognized as explaining how a supranational European constitution can exist alongside those of the Member States, is now used to capture dynamics between constitutions at the national, subnational and, where applicable, supranational levels. Broad in scope, the book encompasses many different types of multi-tiered systems world-wide to map the possible meanings, uses and challenges of subnational or state constitutions in a variety of political and societal contexts.
The book develops the building blocks of an explanatory theory of subnational constitutionalism and as such will be an essential reference for all those interested in comparative constitutional law, federalism and governance.
1. Australian federalism: past, present and future tense Gabrielle Appleby, Nicholas Aroney and Thomas John
Part I. The Federal-State Balance:
2. The federal balance Stephen Gageler
3. The incredible shrinking Federation: voyage to a singular state? The Hon. Chief Justice Robert French AC
4. A sketch of the modern Australian Federation The Hon. Chief Justice Paul de Jersey AC
5. The still reluctant state: Western Australia and the conceptual foundations of Australian federalism Augusto Zimmermann
6. The division of powers in federal systems: comparative lessons for Australia Greg Taylor
Part II. Instituting Structural Reform: Comparative Perspectives:
7. Reforming German federalism Arthur B. Gunlicks
8. Polyphonic federalism: the United States experience Robert A. Schapiro
9. The rise of coercive federalism in the United States: dynamic change with little formal reform John Kincaid
10. The bargaining game: Canada as a new model of federal governance Thomas O. Hueglin
11. 'Bis hierher sollst du kommen und nicht weiter': the German constitutional court and the boundaries of the European integration process Cornelia Koch
Part III. Federalism and Multi-ethnic Societies:
12. Dynamics of federalism: a comparative analysis of recent developments in federations and countries in transition to federalism Thomas Fleiner
13. Religious identities: testing the underlying preconceptions of Canadian federalism? Jean-François Gaudreault-DesBiens
14. Foedus pacificum: a response to ethnic regionalism within nation states Suri Ratnapala
15. Federal diversity in Australia: a counter narrative Nicholas Aroney, Scott Prasser and Alison Taylor
Part IV. Fiscal Federalism:
16. Fiscal federalism in Canada: principles, practices, problems Robin Boadway
17. Fiscal federalism: then and now Brian Galligan
18. Fiscal decentralisation and macroeconomic performance in Australia Philip Bodman
Part V. Reforming Australia's Federal System:
19. Escaping purgatory: public opinion and the future of Australia's federal system A. J. Brown
20. The Rudd reforms and the future of Australian federalism Alan Fenna and Geoff Anderson
21. Co-operative arrangements in comparative perspective Cheryl Saunders
22. Federalism and the Australian judicial system – back to the future: the autochthonous expedient and other devices The Hon. Justice Margaret White
23. Federalism in Australia: gazing in the crystal ball of constitutional reform Anne Twomey.
Responding to the polarised debate that followed these lectures, this is a collection of short essays written by distinguished and prominent scholars addressing the question of the accommodation of Shari'a within the legal systems of the liberal-democratic West. The matters raised in the two 2008 lectures provide a springboard for lively discussion, criticism and debate on both the specific question of religious/cultural accommodation by the law and the wider issues of multiculturalism, equality before the law and the desirability of parallel jurisdictions for particular faith communities.
Leading scholars from a range of countries and academic disciplines, and representing different political viewpoints and faith traditions explore the complex issues surrounding the legal recognition of religious faith in a multicultural society.
The volume aims to stimulate further thought on a complex issue, and to open up new pathways for policymakers and civil society institutions grappling with the relationship between Shari'a and Western legal systems.
These words were used by Lord Hailsham, a veteran Conservative politician in Britain, to describe the reality of government in his country in 1976. The British Parliament, he added, was controlled by a 'government machine' and debate in it was becoming 'a ritual dance, sometimes interspersed with catcalls'.
Today, Hailsham's words perhaps carry even greater force, not only in Britain but also in Australia, Canada and New Zealand, three other western democracies that adopted the Westminster parliamentary system. If Australians, Canadians and New Zealanders are, like Britons, living under 'elective dictatorships' then how can their elected, single-party 'government machines' be kept in check?
That is the key question examined in this book. Political theorists of the past claimed that the upper houses, or 'houses of review', of bicameral Westminster-style parliaments-Britain's House of Lords, the Australian Senate, the Australian State Legislative Councils-offered a solution because they prevented governments from imposing their will upon their peoples without restraint.
That, at least, was the nineteenth-century theory. But what is the twenty-first-century reality?
This book contains chapters from twenty-one leading international scholars and politicians on the history, the recent performance and the future of upper houses of parliament in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Contributors include:
The Hon. Bill Hayden, AC, Former Governor-General of Australia
Professor John Uhr, Australian National University
Professor Geoffrey Brennan, Australian National University
Dr. Meg Russell, Constitution Unit, University College London
Mr. Harry Evans, Clerk of the Australian Senate
Senator George Brandis, SC
Senator John Hogg
Professor Paul G. Thomas, University of Manitoba
Professor David C. Docherty, Wilfrid Laurier University
Mr. Graeme Starr
Dr. Bruce Stone, University of Western Australia
Professor Brian Costar, Swinburne University
Dr. Clement Macintyre, University of Adelaide
Professor John Williams, University of Adelaide
Hon. Justice B.H. McPherson, CBE, Former Judge of Appeal of the Supreme Court of Qld
Dr. Janet Ransley, Griffith University
Professor Gerard Carney, Bond University
Emeritus Professor Colin A. Hughes, University of Queensland
Papers by Nicholas Aroney
The volume examines systems with subnational entities that have full subnational constituent autonomy and systems where subnational constituent powers, while claimed by subnational governments, are incomplete or non-existent. Understanding why complete subnational constituent power exists or is denied sheds significant light on the status and functioning of subnational constitutions. The book deals with questions of how constitutions at multiple levels of a political system can co-exist and interact. The term ‘multilevel constitutionalism’, recognized as explaining how a supranational European constitution can exist alongside those of the Member States, is now used to capture dynamics between constitutions at the national, subnational and, where applicable, supranational levels. Broad in scope, the book encompasses many different types of multi-tiered systems world-wide to map the possible meanings, uses and challenges of subnational or state constitutions in a variety of political and societal contexts.
The book develops the building blocks of an explanatory theory of subnational constitutionalism and as such will be an essential reference for all those interested in comparative constitutional law, federalism and governance.
1. Australian federalism: past, present and future tense Gabrielle Appleby, Nicholas Aroney and Thomas John
Part I. The Federal-State Balance:
2. The federal balance Stephen Gageler
3. The incredible shrinking Federation: voyage to a singular state? The Hon. Chief Justice Robert French AC
4. A sketch of the modern Australian Federation The Hon. Chief Justice Paul de Jersey AC
5. The still reluctant state: Western Australia and the conceptual foundations of Australian federalism Augusto Zimmermann
6. The division of powers in federal systems: comparative lessons for Australia Greg Taylor
Part II. Instituting Structural Reform: Comparative Perspectives:
7. Reforming German federalism Arthur B. Gunlicks
8. Polyphonic federalism: the United States experience Robert A. Schapiro
9. The rise of coercive federalism in the United States: dynamic change with little formal reform John Kincaid
10. The bargaining game: Canada as a new model of federal governance Thomas O. Hueglin
11. 'Bis hierher sollst du kommen und nicht weiter': the German constitutional court and the boundaries of the European integration process Cornelia Koch
Part III. Federalism and Multi-ethnic Societies:
12. Dynamics of federalism: a comparative analysis of recent developments in federations and countries in transition to federalism Thomas Fleiner
13. Religious identities: testing the underlying preconceptions of Canadian federalism? Jean-François Gaudreault-DesBiens
14. Foedus pacificum: a response to ethnic regionalism within nation states Suri Ratnapala
15. Federal diversity in Australia: a counter narrative Nicholas Aroney, Scott Prasser and Alison Taylor
Part IV. Fiscal Federalism:
16. Fiscal federalism in Canada: principles, practices, problems Robin Boadway
17. Fiscal federalism: then and now Brian Galligan
18. Fiscal decentralisation and macroeconomic performance in Australia Philip Bodman
Part V. Reforming Australia's Federal System:
19. Escaping purgatory: public opinion and the future of Australia's federal system A. J. Brown
20. The Rudd reforms and the future of Australian federalism Alan Fenna and Geoff Anderson
21. Co-operative arrangements in comparative perspective Cheryl Saunders
22. Federalism and the Australian judicial system – back to the future: the autochthonous expedient and other devices The Hon. Justice Margaret White
23. Federalism in Australia: gazing in the crystal ball of constitutional reform Anne Twomey.
Responding to the polarised debate that followed these lectures, this is a collection of short essays written by distinguished and prominent scholars addressing the question of the accommodation of Shari'a within the legal systems of the liberal-democratic West. The matters raised in the two 2008 lectures provide a springboard for lively discussion, criticism and debate on both the specific question of religious/cultural accommodation by the law and the wider issues of multiculturalism, equality before the law and the desirability of parallel jurisdictions for particular faith communities.
Leading scholars from a range of countries and academic disciplines, and representing different political viewpoints and faith traditions explore the complex issues surrounding the legal recognition of religious faith in a multicultural society.
The volume aims to stimulate further thought on a complex issue, and to open up new pathways for policymakers and civil society institutions grappling with the relationship between Shari'a and Western legal systems.
These words were used by Lord Hailsham, a veteran Conservative politician in Britain, to describe the reality of government in his country in 1976. The British Parliament, he added, was controlled by a 'government machine' and debate in it was becoming 'a ritual dance, sometimes interspersed with catcalls'.
Today, Hailsham's words perhaps carry even greater force, not only in Britain but also in Australia, Canada and New Zealand, three other western democracies that adopted the Westminster parliamentary system. If Australians, Canadians and New Zealanders are, like Britons, living under 'elective dictatorships' then how can their elected, single-party 'government machines' be kept in check?
That is the key question examined in this book. Political theorists of the past claimed that the upper houses, or 'houses of review', of bicameral Westminster-style parliaments-Britain's House of Lords, the Australian Senate, the Australian State Legislative Councils-offered a solution because they prevented governments from imposing their will upon their peoples without restraint.
That, at least, was the nineteenth-century theory. But what is the twenty-first-century reality?
This book contains chapters from twenty-one leading international scholars and politicians on the history, the recent performance and the future of upper houses of parliament in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Contributors include:
The Hon. Bill Hayden, AC, Former Governor-General of Australia
Professor John Uhr, Australian National University
Professor Geoffrey Brennan, Australian National University
Dr. Meg Russell, Constitution Unit, University College London
Mr. Harry Evans, Clerk of the Australian Senate
Senator George Brandis, SC
Senator John Hogg
Professor Paul G. Thomas, University of Manitoba
Professor David C. Docherty, Wilfrid Laurier University
Mr. Graeme Starr
Dr. Bruce Stone, University of Western Australia
Professor Brian Costar, Swinburne University
Dr. Clement Macintyre, University of Adelaide
Professor John Williams, University of Adelaide
Hon. Justice B.H. McPherson, CBE, Former Judge of Appeal of the Supreme Court of Qld
Dr. Janet Ransley, Griffith University
Professor Gerard Carney, Bond University
Emeritus Professor Colin A. Hughes, University of Queensland