Albizia myriophylla (ABZ) is a plant used in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia for the treatment o... more Albizia myriophylla (ABZ) is a plant used in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II. The antioxidant activities of ABZ have been suggested as one of the mechanisms for the observed beneficial effects. Hence, this study examined the phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin contents and antioxidant activity from methanol extract (ME) and its derived fractions hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethyl acetate (EAE), butanol (BE), and aqueous fraction of the bark of ABZ (AE). Amongst the extracts, EAE showed the highest total phenolic content of about 0.77 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of extract (mg GAE/mg). However, the highest flavonoid content was detected in HE at 1.04 µg retinol equivalent ((RE)/g extract), while the saponin content was highest in CE at 1.1 µg diosgenin equivalent ((DE)/g extract). In 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test, EAE at 100 µg/mL had the highest percentage of inhibition of about 72.55%. 2-2′-azinobis-(3-...
Background: This research was planned to search for a potential of modified hydrothermal nanotita... more Background: This research was planned to search for a potential of modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract in inhibiting the growth of bacteria commonly known in medical field. It is also aims to test this substance against common medical bacteria,Escherichia coli. Materials and methods: In this test, suspension of modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract (together with 0.01%, 0.03% and 0.05% silver) and undoping (positive control contains TiO2 and no silver) were prepared by mixing of TiO2 in Mueller Hinton Broth (MH) agar. The platecontaining the bacteria and TiO2 were observed after 24 hour, 48 hours and 72 hours incubation at 37oC for any growth of bacteria. Results: There was no growth of Escherichia coliin the plates containing the bacteria and modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract except in the control media. Conclusions: The finding suggested the modified hydrothermal nanotitania extractioninterfered the growth of Escherichia coli. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Scienc...
Backgrounds: The mutagenic properties of modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract were carried o... more Backgrounds: The mutagenic properties of modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract were carried out using the Ames test (genotoxicity). Materials and methods: The Ames test was performed on Salmonella strains (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA 102) which contain mutations in several genes with and without S9 metabolic activation from rat liver using the standard assay. The materials were extracted in distilled water and the serial dilutions of concentration ranging from 313 to 5000 μg/mLwere used after the incubation period of 24 h at 37° C. Results: These results suggested that all tested concentrations of the material extracts did not produce mutagenic effect in all the strains tested. Conclusions: Findings from this study showed that the modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract was non-mutagenic under present conditions. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.159-162
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as angina, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and heart failu... more Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as angina, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and heart failure are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the major transcription factors widely associated with CVDs is nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB). NFκB activation initiates the canonical and non-conical pathways that promotes activation of transcription factors leading to inflammation, such as leukocyte adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenolic compounds found abundantly in various fruits, vegetables, beverages (tea, coffee), nuts, and cereal products with cardiovascular protective properties. Flavonoids can be classified into six subgroups based on their chemical structures: flavanones, flavones, flavonols, flavan-3ols, isoflavones, and anthocyanidins. As NFκB inhibitors, these flavonoids may modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes leading to the attenuation of the inflammatory responses underlying various cardiovascular pathology. This review presents an update on the anti-inflammatory actions of flavonoids via inhibition of NFκB mechanism supporting the therapeutic potential of these natural compounds in various CVDs.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the risk factors in the development of vascular complications. Decrea... more Diabetes mellitus is one of the risk factors in the development of vascular complications. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and increased lipid peroxidation in diabetes mellitus are the dominant exaggerating factors. Mormodica charantia (MC) was proven to be useful in improving diabetes mellitus and its complications. In the present study, a total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Diabetes was induced by a single dose (50 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ), intramuscularly. Following 4 weeks of STZ induction, the animals were equally divided into five groups (n = 8); Control group (Ctrl), control group treated with MC (Ctrl-MC), diabetic untreated group (DM-Ctrl), diabetic group treated with MC (DM-MC) and diabetic group treated with metformin 150 g/kg (DM-Met). Oral administration of the MC fruit extract (1.5 g/kg) was continued for 28 days. DM-MC group showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to the...
In diabetes mellitus, cardiac fibrosis is characterized by increase in the deposition of collagen... more In diabetes mellitus, cardiac fibrosis is characterized by increase in the deposition of collagen fibers. The present study aimed to observe the effect ofMomordica charantia(MC) fruit extract on hyperglycaemia-induced cardiac fibrosis. Diabetes was induced in the male Sprague-Dawley rats with a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Following 4 weeks of STZ induction, the rats were subdivided (n= 6) into control group (Ctrl), control group treated withMC(Ctrl-MC), diabetic untreated group (DM-Ctrl), diabetic group treated withMC(DM-MC), and diabetic group treated with 150 mg/kg of metformin (DM-Met). Administration ofMCfruit extract (1.5 g/kg body weight) in diabetic rats for 28 days showed significant increase in the body weight and decrease in the fasting blood glucose level. Significant increase in cardiac tissues superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione contents (GSH), and catalase (CAT) was observed followingMCtreatment. Hydroxyproline content was significantly re...
Albizia myriophylla (ABZ) is a plant used in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia for the treatment o... more Albizia myriophylla (ABZ) is a plant used in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II. The antioxidant activities of ABZ have been suggested as one of the mechanisms for the observed beneficial effects. Hence, this study examined the phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin contents and antioxidant activity from methanol extract (ME) and its derived fractions hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethyl acetate (EAE), butanol (BE), and aqueous fraction of the bark of ABZ (AE). Amongst the extracts, EAE showed the highest total phenolic content of about 0.77 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of extract (mg GAE/mg). However, the highest flavonoid content was detected in HE at 1.04 µg retinol equivalent ((RE)/g extract), while the saponin content was highest in CE at 1.1 µg diosgenin equivalent ((DE)/g extract). In 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test, EAE at 100 µg/mL had the highest percentage of inhibition of about 72.55%. 2-2′-azinobis-(3-...
Background: This research was planned to search for a potential of modified hydrothermal nanotita... more Background: This research was planned to search for a potential of modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract in inhibiting the growth of bacteria commonly known in medical field. It is also aims to test this substance against common medical bacteria,Escherichia coli. Materials and methods: In this test, suspension of modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract (together with 0.01%, 0.03% and 0.05% silver) and undoping (positive control contains TiO2 and no silver) were prepared by mixing of TiO2 in Mueller Hinton Broth (MH) agar. The platecontaining the bacteria and TiO2 were observed after 24 hour, 48 hours and 72 hours incubation at 37oC for any growth of bacteria. Results: There was no growth of Escherichia coliin the plates containing the bacteria and modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract except in the control media. Conclusions: The finding suggested the modified hydrothermal nanotitania extractioninterfered the growth of Escherichia coli. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Scienc...
Backgrounds: The mutagenic properties of modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract were carried o... more Backgrounds: The mutagenic properties of modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract were carried out using the Ames test (genotoxicity). Materials and methods: The Ames test was performed on Salmonella strains (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA 102) which contain mutations in several genes with and without S9 metabolic activation from rat liver using the standard assay. The materials were extracted in distilled water and the serial dilutions of concentration ranging from 313 to 5000 μg/mLwere used after the incubation period of 24 h at 37° C. Results: These results suggested that all tested concentrations of the material extracts did not produce mutagenic effect in all the strains tested. Conclusions: Findings from this study showed that the modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract was non-mutagenic under present conditions. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.159-162
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as angina, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and heart failu... more Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as angina, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and heart failure are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the major transcription factors widely associated with CVDs is nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB). NFκB activation initiates the canonical and non-conical pathways that promotes activation of transcription factors leading to inflammation, such as leukocyte adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenolic compounds found abundantly in various fruits, vegetables, beverages (tea, coffee), nuts, and cereal products with cardiovascular protective properties. Flavonoids can be classified into six subgroups based on their chemical structures: flavanones, flavones, flavonols, flavan-3ols, isoflavones, and anthocyanidins. As NFκB inhibitors, these flavonoids may modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes leading to the attenuation of the inflammatory responses underlying various cardiovascular pathology. This review presents an update on the anti-inflammatory actions of flavonoids via inhibition of NFκB mechanism supporting the therapeutic potential of these natural compounds in various CVDs.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the risk factors in the development of vascular complications. Decrea... more Diabetes mellitus is one of the risk factors in the development of vascular complications. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and increased lipid peroxidation in diabetes mellitus are the dominant exaggerating factors. Mormodica charantia (MC) was proven to be useful in improving diabetes mellitus and its complications. In the present study, a total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Diabetes was induced by a single dose (50 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ), intramuscularly. Following 4 weeks of STZ induction, the animals were equally divided into five groups (n = 8); Control group (Ctrl), control group treated with MC (Ctrl-MC), diabetic untreated group (DM-Ctrl), diabetic group treated with MC (DM-MC) and diabetic group treated with metformin 150 g/kg (DM-Met). Oral administration of the MC fruit extract (1.5 g/kg) was continued for 28 days. DM-MC group showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to the...
In diabetes mellitus, cardiac fibrosis is characterized by increase in the deposition of collagen... more In diabetes mellitus, cardiac fibrosis is characterized by increase in the deposition of collagen fibers. The present study aimed to observe the effect ofMomordica charantia(MC) fruit extract on hyperglycaemia-induced cardiac fibrosis. Diabetes was induced in the male Sprague-Dawley rats with a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Following 4 weeks of STZ induction, the rats were subdivided (n= 6) into control group (Ctrl), control group treated withMC(Ctrl-MC), diabetic untreated group (DM-Ctrl), diabetic group treated withMC(DM-MC), and diabetic group treated with 150 mg/kg of metformin (DM-Met). Administration ofMCfruit extract (1.5 g/kg body weight) in diabetic rats for 28 days showed significant increase in the body weight and decrease in the fasting blood glucose level. Significant increase in cardiac tissues superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione contents (GSH), and catalase (CAT) was observed followingMCtreatment. Hydroxyproline content was significantly re...
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