This investigation explores the linguistic mitigation strategies employed by language supervisors... more This investigation explores the linguistic mitigation strategies employed by language supervisors in giving critical feedback to language teachers. The provision of feedback is personal and may be intense as a supervisor needs to meet two goals: clarity in feedback-giving and maintenance of relationships. One way to achieve these goals is through the use of linguistic mitigation, which blunts the harshness of a message. To study language mitigation, post-lesson conferences between four in-service teachers and two supervisors, and between four preservice teachers and two university supervisors were recorded and transcribed. A discourse analysis was then conducted to identify specific linguistic mitigation strategies in supervisory discourse using a taxonomy (Wajnryb, 1994). Results showed that supervisors used a variety of linguistic mitigation strategies that could be classified under three major groups: syntactic, semantic, and indirect mitigation techniques. This extensive use of mitigation strategies showed that the supervisors were aware of the threat posed by their feedback on the teachers' face and the need to balance clarity and maintenance of personal relationships. The prevalence of mitigation in supervisory discourse also demonstrated that politeness may be an important consideration for teachers to accept feedback. The data also suggested that mitigation may be performing both personal and institutional roles for supervisors. Finally, the study would support the applicability of Brown and Levinson's (1987) face-saving model in the Philippine context. The implications of this study for supervision and language research were likewise discussed in the conclusion of this paper.
English subject-verb concord can pose problems to learners such as omission of third person singu... more English subject-verb concord can pose problems to learners such as omission of third person singular inflection and overextension due to linguistic typology, phonological and perceptual factors, syntax, and the number of nouns acting as the subject of the sentence, among others. A group of nouns that invites confusion is what Huddleston and Pullum (2002) call nouns with Latin plural endings whose singular forms are uncommon compared to their plural counterparts. This investigation aims to provide teachers with guidance on the general and genre-based agreement patterns of these nouns using the balanced Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). This study found that based on their agreement patterns these nouns can be classified into three groups: 1) nouns whose tendencies are line with prescriptive rules; 2) noun whose tendencies are ambivalent; and 3) nouns which might have already been "reclassified" by speakers. By genres, there was a strong preference to use "plural" verbs with these nouns in the written and the academic components of the corpus while "singular" verbs are preferred in the spoken components. The implications of the study for teaching and research were also provided.
Discourse analysis of news frames in Philippine banner stories on COVID-19: implications for media and information literacy during crises
Media Asia
To understand newspapers’ Covid-19 portrayal in the Philippines and contribute to COVID-19 media ... more To understand newspapers’ Covid-19 portrayal in the Philippines and contribute to COVID-19 media framing literature, this study identified news frames in 97 banner stories of three Philippine broadsheets and determined how major frames depicted COVID- 19 during its initial spread in the country (January 30 - March 25, 2020). Utilizing deductive and inductive approaches to generate news frames for coding, results yielded 12 frames in the three newspapers, with Action, New Evidence, Reassurance, Conflict, Economic Consequence, and Social Consequence as major frames. Generally, the newspapers’ pandemic depiction was similar in foregrounding government response and new COVID-19 information instead of news that invites fear and panic. Variations were found in the newspapers’ individual focus on the pandemic, conflicts about it, and its economic effects – nuances which reflected the newspapers’ reputation. Results identify the need for developing people’s critical media and information literacy skills. Studying COVID-19 news framing in developing these skills is recommended.
To understand newspapers’ Covid-19 portrayal in the Philippines
and contribute to COVID-19 media ... more To understand newspapers’ Covid-19 portrayal in the Philippines and contribute to COVID-19 media framing literature, this study identified news frames in 97 banner stories of three Philippine broadsheets and determined how major frames depicted COVID- 19 during its initial spread in the country (January 30 - March 25, 2020). Utilizing deductive and inductive approaches to generate news frames for coding, results yielded 12 frames in the three newspapers, with Action, New Evidence, Reassurance, Conflict, Economic Consequence, and Social Consequence as major frames. Generally, the newspapers’ pandemic depiction was similar in foregrounding government response and new COVID-19 information instead of news that invites fear and panic. Variations were found in the newspapers’ individual focus on the pandemic, conflicts about it, and its economic effects – nuances which reflected the newspapers’ reputation. Results identify the need for developing people’s critical media and information literacy skills. Studying COVID-19 news framing in developing these skills is recommended.
English subject-verb concord can pose problems to learners such as omission of third person singu... more English subject-verb concord can pose problems to learners such as omission of third person singular inflection and overextension due to linguistic typology, phonological and perceptual factors, syntax, and the number of nouns acting as the subject of the sentence, among others. A group of nouns that invites confusion is what Huddleston and Pullum (2002) call nouns with Latin plural endings whose singular forms are uncommon compared to their plural counterparts. This investigation aims to provide teachers with guidance on the general and genre-based agreement patterns of these nouns using the balanced Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). This study found that based on their agreement patterns these nouns can be classified into three groups: 1) nouns whose tendencies are line with prescriptive rules; 2) noun whose tendencies are ambivalent; and 3) nouns which might have already been "reclassified" by speakers. By genres, there was a strong preference to use "plural" verbs with these nouns in the written and the academic components of the corpus while "singular" verbs are preferred in the spoken components. The implications of the study for teaching and research were also provided.
Asian Journal of English Language Studies (AJELS), 2019
This investigation explores the linguistic mitigation strategies employed by language supervisors... more This investigation explores the linguistic mitigation strategies employed by language supervisors in giving critical feedback to language teachers. The provision of feedback is personal and may be intense as a supervisor needs to meet two goals: clarity in feedback-giving and maintenance of relationships. One way to achieve these goals is through the use of linguistic mitigation, which blunts the harshness of a message. To study language mitigation, post-lesson conferences between four in-service teachers and two supervisors, and between four preservice teachers and two university supervisors were recorded and transcribed. A discourse analysis was then conducted to identify specific linguistic mitigation strategies in supervisory discourse using a taxonomy (Wajnryb, 1994). Results showed that supervisors used a variety of linguistic mitigation strategies that could be classified under three major groups: syntactic, semantic, and indirect mitigation techniques. This extensive use of ...
This investigation explores the linguistic mitigation strategies employed by language supervisors... more This investigation explores the linguistic mitigation strategies employed by language supervisors in giving critical feedback to language teachers. The provision of feedback is personal and may be intense as a supervisor needs to meet two goals: clarity in feedback-giving and maintenance of relationships. One way to achieve these goals is through the use of linguistic mitigation, which blunts the harshness of a message. To study language mitigation, post-lesson conferences between four in-service teachers and two supervisors, and between four preservice teachers and two university supervisors were recorded and transcribed. A discourse analysis was then conducted to identify specific linguistic mitigation strategies in supervisory discourse using a taxonomy (Wajnryb, 1994). Results showed that supervisors used a variety of linguistic mitigation strategies that could be classified under three major groups: syntactic, semantic, and indirect mitigation techniques. This extensive use of mitigation strategies showed that the supervisors were aware of the threat posed by their feedback on the teachers' face and the need to balance clarity and maintenance of personal relationships. The prevalence of mitigation in supervisory discourse also demonstrated that politeness may be an important consideration for teachers to accept feedback. The data also suggested that mitigation may be performing both personal and institutional roles for supervisors. Finally, the study would support the applicability of Brown and Levinson's (1987) face-saving model in the Philippine context. The implications of this study for supervision and language research were likewise discussed in the conclusion of this paper.
English subject-verb concord can pose problems to learners such as omission of third person singu... more English subject-verb concord can pose problems to learners such as omission of third person singular inflection and overextension due to linguistic typology, phonological and perceptual factors, syntax, and the number of nouns acting as the subject of the sentence, among others. A group of nouns that invites confusion is what Huddleston and Pullum (2002) call nouns with Latin plural endings whose singular forms are uncommon compared to their plural counterparts. This investigation aims to provide teachers with guidance on the general and genre-based agreement patterns of these nouns using the balanced Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). This study found that based on their agreement patterns these nouns can be classified into three groups: 1) nouns whose tendencies are line with prescriptive rules; 2) noun whose tendencies are ambivalent; and 3) nouns which might have already been "reclassified" by speakers. By genres, there was a strong preference to use "plural" verbs with these nouns in the written and the academic components of the corpus while "singular" verbs are preferred in the spoken components. The implications of the study for teaching and research were also provided.
Discourse analysis of news frames in Philippine banner stories on COVID-19: implications for media and information literacy during crises
Media Asia
To understand newspapers’ Covid-19 portrayal in the Philippines and contribute to COVID-19 media ... more To understand newspapers’ Covid-19 portrayal in the Philippines and contribute to COVID-19 media framing literature, this study identified news frames in 97 banner stories of three Philippine broadsheets and determined how major frames depicted COVID- 19 during its initial spread in the country (January 30 - March 25, 2020). Utilizing deductive and inductive approaches to generate news frames for coding, results yielded 12 frames in the three newspapers, with Action, New Evidence, Reassurance, Conflict, Economic Consequence, and Social Consequence as major frames. Generally, the newspapers’ pandemic depiction was similar in foregrounding government response and new COVID-19 information instead of news that invites fear and panic. Variations were found in the newspapers’ individual focus on the pandemic, conflicts about it, and its economic effects – nuances which reflected the newspapers’ reputation. Results identify the need for developing people’s critical media and information literacy skills. Studying COVID-19 news framing in developing these skills is recommended.
To understand newspapers’ Covid-19 portrayal in the Philippines
and contribute to COVID-19 media ... more To understand newspapers’ Covid-19 portrayal in the Philippines and contribute to COVID-19 media framing literature, this study identified news frames in 97 banner stories of three Philippine broadsheets and determined how major frames depicted COVID- 19 during its initial spread in the country (January 30 - March 25, 2020). Utilizing deductive and inductive approaches to generate news frames for coding, results yielded 12 frames in the three newspapers, with Action, New Evidence, Reassurance, Conflict, Economic Consequence, and Social Consequence as major frames. Generally, the newspapers’ pandemic depiction was similar in foregrounding government response and new COVID-19 information instead of news that invites fear and panic. Variations were found in the newspapers’ individual focus on the pandemic, conflicts about it, and its economic effects – nuances which reflected the newspapers’ reputation. Results identify the need for developing people’s critical media and information literacy skills. Studying COVID-19 news framing in developing these skills is recommended.
English subject-verb concord can pose problems to learners such as omission of third person singu... more English subject-verb concord can pose problems to learners such as omission of third person singular inflection and overextension due to linguistic typology, phonological and perceptual factors, syntax, and the number of nouns acting as the subject of the sentence, among others. A group of nouns that invites confusion is what Huddleston and Pullum (2002) call nouns with Latin plural endings whose singular forms are uncommon compared to their plural counterparts. This investigation aims to provide teachers with guidance on the general and genre-based agreement patterns of these nouns using the balanced Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). This study found that based on their agreement patterns these nouns can be classified into three groups: 1) nouns whose tendencies are line with prescriptive rules; 2) noun whose tendencies are ambivalent; and 3) nouns which might have already been "reclassified" by speakers. By genres, there was a strong preference to use "plural" verbs with these nouns in the written and the academic components of the corpus while "singular" verbs are preferred in the spoken components. The implications of the study for teaching and research were also provided.
Asian Journal of English Language Studies (AJELS), 2019
This investigation explores the linguistic mitigation strategies employed by language supervisors... more This investigation explores the linguistic mitigation strategies employed by language supervisors in giving critical feedback to language teachers. The provision of feedback is personal and may be intense as a supervisor needs to meet two goals: clarity in feedback-giving and maintenance of relationships. One way to achieve these goals is through the use of linguistic mitigation, which blunts the harshness of a message. To study language mitigation, post-lesson conferences between four in-service teachers and two supervisors, and between four preservice teachers and two university supervisors were recorded and transcribed. A discourse analysis was then conducted to identify specific linguistic mitigation strategies in supervisory discourse using a taxonomy (Wajnryb, 1994). Results showed that supervisors used a variety of linguistic mitigation strategies that could be classified under three major groups: syntactic, semantic, and indirect mitigation techniques. This extensive use of ...
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Papers by Audrey Morallo
and contribute to COVID-19 media framing literature, this study
identified news frames in 97 banner stories of three Philippine
broadsheets and determined how major frames depicted COVID-
19 during its initial spread in the country (January 30 - March 25,
2020). Utilizing deductive and inductive approaches to generate
news frames for coding, results yielded 12 frames in the three
newspapers, with Action, New Evidence, Reassurance, Conflict,
Economic Consequence, and Social Consequence as major frames.
Generally, the newspapers’ pandemic depiction was similar in
foregrounding government response and new COVID-19 information instead of news that invites fear and panic. Variations were
found in the newspapers’ individual focus on the pandemic, conflicts about it, and its economic effects – nuances which reflected
the newspapers’ reputation. Results identify the need for developing
people’s critical media and information literacy skills. Studying
COVID-19 news framing in developing these skills is recommended.
and contribute to COVID-19 media framing literature, this study
identified news frames in 97 banner stories of three Philippine
broadsheets and determined how major frames depicted COVID-
19 during its initial spread in the country (January 30 - March 25,
2020). Utilizing deductive and inductive approaches to generate
news frames for coding, results yielded 12 frames in the three
newspapers, with Action, New Evidence, Reassurance, Conflict,
Economic Consequence, and Social Consequence as major frames.
Generally, the newspapers’ pandemic depiction was similar in
foregrounding government response and new COVID-19 information instead of news that invites fear and panic. Variations were
found in the newspapers’ individual focus on the pandemic, conflicts about it, and its economic effects – nuances which reflected
the newspapers’ reputation. Results identify the need for developing
people’s critical media and information literacy skills. Studying
COVID-19 news framing in developing these skills is recommended.