Information Technology

Internet of things (IoT), a modern technology, is introducing various devices and systems in the health care setting by allowing sharing of information among them in real time. This paper seeks to examine the remarkable effect that IoT has brought in the healthcare sector, especially in remote monitoring of patients, smart clothes and wearable technologies, remote consulting, and hospital administration. The main benefits of applying IoT solutions include the enhancement of the patient care, increasing efficacy and costs savings in healthcare. concerns with protection of data, issues of compatibility and issues of the law. In this article, the author has given a detailed description of IoT in healthcare encompassing the current use cases and advantages and disadvantages of IoT systems in this domain along with examples from the literature. It also brings out emerging concepts and advancement that can shape the future of IoT in health such as Artificial Intelligence, big data analysis and 5G network. Ethical and legal perimeters to IoT in the healthcare systems are also provided. Ideas on how to surmount the challenges that hinder the use of IoT have been provided in the paper before concluding by embracing IoT as a technology that holds the promise of drastically changing future systems of global health.

Cloud computing remains one of the most significant advancements in resource provision to organizations in the latest decades since they initiate conveniences on demand access. The adoption of the IoT has brought about a new era of collaborative computing by employing a pool of linked smart sensors and devices that will produce and analyze great amounts of data, thus creating new related problems in terms of size and security, hence increasing even more the importance of traditional security measures. Therefore, in this paper, we synthesize a new SSCA that combines IoT and cryptographic mechanisms, to build highly available and secure cloud systems, which makes these systems multi-users and fully usable by many users at the same time. The design resolves to a distributed structure where sever al cloud nodes will address user s requests proficiently and it uses Multicast and Broadcast Rekeying Algorithm (MBRA) to maintain the privacy and the confidentiality of the users’ detail, employing a cryptosystem that integrates MBRA, Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) and block chain. The architecture using IoT devices collects data from the distributed sensing resources through the data storage layer; it enforces the security integrity of the information collected by employing the MBRA-PQC encryption algorithms; the blockchain provides the security for the confidential data by storing it in unalterable and dispersed registers. The proposed approach is then demonstrated with different data sets and its performance is measured based on the response time, the throughput and scalability, security and reliability. The outcome of the expressions reveals the efficiency of the proposed SSCA compared to MHE-IS-CPMT as it reduced by 1. 67 seconds and 0. 97 seconds at 250 and 1000 devices respectively. Similarly, the result as AUC value for SSCA showed a better improvement than the MHE-IS-CPMT, EAM, SCSS, and SHCEF models with improvements in percent at 25-user level: 6. 30%, 6. 90%, 7. 60%, and 7. 30%, respectively as well as; at 50-user level: 5. 20%, 9. 30%, 11. 50%.

As noted, healthcare delivery systems are systems that always present organizational difficulties for any user and everyone related to these systems, but AI today is one of the widely-discussed and most frequently considered innovations that have prospects for radical improvement of the patient’s state and quality of life. AI solutions are on the verge of becoming integrated into clinical practice thanks to enhanced developments in the field, which means that there is a need to cover the part played by these technologies in healthcare and equip healthcare providers with the knowledge and resources needed to achieve that. This review article provides a broad, although dated, systematic synthesis of AI in clinical practice today, reviewing potential uses of AI in disease taxonomy and diagnosis, treatment suggestions, patient participation, and utilizing methodologies to consider the ethical and legal issues of AI and the persistent need for human insights and expertise. In order to establish the nature of the relationships and possible effects of AI in healthcare environments, the paper reviews the literature using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and EMBASE databases. According to the findings, the application of AI technologies in health care delivery can greatly improve disease diagnosis, therapy choice, and clinical testing because, in contrast to human decision-making, AI algorithms analyze extensive data sets and outcompete human experts in specific tasks. It is accurate, cost-effective, time efficient, and free from human errors, advances the fields of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine, optimizes the dosing of drugs, improves overall population health, establishes virtual healthcare services, and enhances mental health care, education, and trust between patients and physicians. Nevertheless, these and the following issues cannot be left unresolved: data privacy, AI bias, and the indispensability of the human factor.

Electronic Health Records (HER) are one of the fundamental tools of present healthcare organization and management. Still, problems like data fragmentation, security issues, and compatibility issues have become the main challenges. The decentralized, immutable, and open architecture of blockchain provides a new perspective to addressing such issues. This work aims to discuss the implementation of the blockchain in EHR systems by capturing the benefits associated with the technology, such as security, compliance, and patients’ control over their records. To ground the study, this paper first discusses the shortcomings of conventional EHR systems and then describes blockchain’s core concepts. The next one looks into how blockchain can decentralize the handling of health data and share such data easily across the stakeholders, with particular emphasis on the legal requirements for data sharing, such as the HIPAA and GDPR. Use cases for patient-controlled health records, using Blockchain in clinical trials, and use of smart contracts in processing insurance claims are presented to explain different applications of this Inline technology. However, like with any novel technology, there are challenges, such as scalability, compliance with the current legislation, and compatibility with existing structures, which remain problems with the implementation of blockchain in healthcare. These challenges are discussed in this paper, and recommendations are made that would require the effort of technology developers, healthcare organizations/centers, and policymakers. Combining the existing research and practical application, this paper highlights how blockchain can become an enabler of change, bringing security, connectivity, and patient-centricity to the healthcare settings of the present day and the future. The discussion section provides recommendations on how developments in the subsequent research and policy can actually realize the value of blockchain in healthcare.

Neuralink is one of the premier companies in America that specializes in the BMI technology the firm is revolutionizing the healthcare industry. This journal analyzes whether BMIs developed by Neuralink have benefits in the medical industry and can enhance it for the needs of patients. It starts with the history of BMI technology development and the role Neuralink Corporation has played in the process. Discussed are the uses of BMIs in healthcare, with major areas of application being the treatment of neurological disorders, prosthetic control, and the use in mental health treatment. Some of the most important ethical concerns, like data privacy and the moralities of neural enhancement, are discussed alongside the most vital technical concerns, like scalability and precision. Comparison with other BMI technologies highlights the advantages of Neuralink. In addition, the potential regulatory and policy considerations for the application of the innovation are discussed. Using the premises of the Neuralink investigations, this study envisions the company’s future achievements in healthcare that can complement identified unexplored needs and reassess the concept of human-technology interaction. The journal’s goal shall be to help the reader apprehend how Neuralink may assist in the advancement of medicine and what moral and technical questions foster its creation.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary model of an environment that augments the existing objects to deploy a smooth and open-world architecture of the Web of Things. This work aims to explain what IoT is, the architecture of the IoT, and the directions it is undergoing, with the focus being on making innovative environments. This paper explores the essential aspects of IoT structure, including the hardware, middleware, and presentation layers aided by enabling technologies like WSNs, RFID, and clouds. The application segments of personal, enterprise, utility, and mobile IoT and the possibilities for various industries are discussed. Further, the research focuses on the interaction between IoT and cloud environments, real-time analysis, and decision support. So, issues like energy efficiency, privacy, and security are critically discussed. Future directions, such as participatory sensing, advanced visualization solutions, and protocol standardization, are also discussed. This paper shows that with IoT technology triggering innovation, measures should be taken to manage the challenges that come with it to maximize the benefits.

The future 6G networks, along with the introduction of more and more IoT devices, need to develop distinct techniques that can overcome the energy-consumption-related problem while guaranteeing QoS. This work, Energy Efficiency Optimization in Multi-BD Symbiotic Radio Systems, discusses a potential solution to improve green IoT networks. Symbiotic Radio uses ambient backscatter to reduce energy consumption, given the capability of passive IoT devices to harvest energy from ambient signals and transmit information without licensed infrastructure. A new time-splitting-based symbiotic relay scheduling system called Timing-SR (T-SR) is proposed here to control the resources required to provide the minimum required throughout the SBDs. Consequently, Conic Quadratic Representation (CQR) and Sequential Quadratic (SQ) solve the routine non-convex optimization. This paper compares the energy saving of T-SR scheduling with the existing TDMA systems for densely deployed IoT environments and finds that the proposed one substantially saves energy requirements. This work helps to progress further sustainable 6G networks and indicates future development aims in increasing spectrally and energy efficient networks.

Rapid growth in IoT devices creates major security difficulties because they present potential weakening of systems to cyberattacks and open data breaches in addition to unauthorized system access. Traditional security methods relying on centralized authentication together with classical cryptographic techniques prove inadequate because they have single points of failure and exist under the threat of quantum computing advancement. A new system integrates blockchain technology and quantum cryptography according to this paper to resolve security issues. Data security through blockchain systems gives access to decentralized trust features together with tamper-proof records and ensures data integrity while quantum cryptographic methods especially Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enable unconditional cryptographic key transfers and communications. A proposed security framework protects IoT networks through the integration of blockchain's unalterable system and QKD's quantum-resistant capabilities which create a strong defence system against classical and quantum-based threats. The approach includes three primary achievements: a system design that scales and performs security analyses together with performance tests that prove practicality. The presented research enables the development of next-generation IoT security measures suited for modern quantum technology advancements.