Papers by Ghayth Abdulrazzaq
Military Medical Science Letters
The ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a congenital lesion characterized by the presence of an op... more The ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a congenital lesion characterized by the presence of an opening between cardiac chambers. The treatment might involve medical therapy to control symptoms or in certain cases, surgical resuscitation might be required. Objectives: The study was conducted to establish a database about the prevalence and pattern of VSD and their prognosis in children referred to by echocardiography in Ibn-Sena Teaching Hospital over the period of March 2019 to January 2020. Method: The present study is a prospective descriptive study conducted on all patients diagnosed with cardiac lesions revealed by echocardiography. The sample included in the study involves newborns (day 1) to 14-years-old children. Result: Out of 500 children included in the study; most of these cases were cyanotic congenital heart lesions and out of which two-third were perimembranous defects. Conclusion: The study concluded a higher prevalence of non-cyanotic lesions and peri-membranous type is the commonest VSD lesion.
Iraqi Journal of Pharmacy
Objective: The present review targets to shed light on the crisis of developing the antibiotic re... more Objective: The present review targets to shed light on the crisis of developing the antibiotic resistance and specify the contemporary challenges associated with the misuse of the antibiotics. Methods: The present challenges correlated to the development of the antibiotic resistance are distinctive and vary from the previous challenges because novel bacterial strains are continuously emerging and persist to evolve. Additionally, bacterial strains resistant to various antibiotic classes have arisen for which the use of recent antibiotics have not been reviewed thoroughly. Results: The outcomes of antibiotic resistance are serious with morbidity and mortality incessantly on the rise. This review also underlines the feasible interventions that can be effective at the individual or micro level, as well as at the national or macro level in the prevention of antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: To conclude, the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria threatens the astonishing health gains that have been attained since the invention of the antibiotic medications.
Current Pharmacology Reports
The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19) has been ... more The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19) has been detrimental to human health, economy, and wellbeing. Little information is known on the epidemiology and outcome of the disease in a localized community within Iraq. We carried out an audit of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the Kirkuk General Hospital. Data from the 20th of June to the 31st of July, 2020, were collected and analyzed. Suspected COVID-19 cases were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data on clinical symptoms, age, and treatment protocols were analyzed concerning the outcome. Our study included a total of 200 individual confirmed COVID-19 patients. The majority of cases 55% (n = 110) displayed severe symptoms, while 32.5% (65 cases) and 12.5% (25 cases) of patients displayed moderate to mild symptoms, respectively. The rate of death in the referred patients was 5%. Most patients admitted to the hospital for treatment recovered and were discharged from the hospital within 5 to 30 days post-diagnosis. Statistical analysis revealed that patients treated with oseltamivir, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin in combination with vitamins C and D have shorter hospital stay compared to patients receiving the same therapeutic protocol in combination with steroids. Moreover, a higher mortality rate (4.5%) was observed in patients treated with oseltamivir, hydroxychloroquine, ceftriaxone, and steroids. This study highlights a significant relationship between age, secondary ailments, and the choice of medications as simple predictors of the outcome of COVID-19.
GPR18 receptor is a candidate cannabinoid receptor with potential of being a novel therapeutic ta... more GPR18 receptor is a candidate cannabinoid receptor with potential of being a novel therapeutic target due to its wide distribution in various tissues. NAGly which is a metabolite of the first isolated endocannabinoid anandamide, had been suggested by several studies as an endogenous high potency ligand of GPR18 receptor. Yet, some studies have reported the lack of activation of GPR18 by NAGly and some other putative GPR18 cannabinoid ligands. Identifying the signalling mechanism of GPR18 will advance our understanding of the complexity of the endocannabinoid system and may have important implications in determination of the molecular mechanism of action of phytocannabinoids. The rationale of this study was to characterize the pharmacology of GPR18 by investigating the effects of NAGly and other putative GPR18 cannabinoid ligands like THC, Abn-CBD, O-1918 and NARAS on the intracellular signalling mediators, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and Ca2+ ions in HEK293TR het...
Objectives: studying the microbiological profile by isolation of the types of bacteria that are m... more Objectives: studying the microbiological profile by isolation of the types of bacteria that are most frequently causing UTI in pediatric patients and assessing the antibiotic resistance profile of ١٠ different antibiotics that are used for treatment of such infection. . Methods: Urine samples from ٩٠٠ symptomatic UTI cases attending Ibn Alatheer Teaching Hospital from May ٢٠١٠ to September٢٠١١ were collected . Urinary isolates were identified by conventional methods and antibiotic resistance testing was performed by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Results: We identify ٦ species of uropathogens responsible for UTI in pediatric patients . Females are more susceptible to the UTI than males, however they usually infected by the same bacterial species. E. coli is the most predominant uropathogen in pediatric UTI. The isolated uropathogenes showed a heavy resistance pattern toward many antibiotics like Cotrimoxazole (٨٤.١%) Amoxicilline(٧٢.٦%), Nalidixi acid(٥٧.٤%). Cephalosporin...
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
To evaluate the behaviour of Pharmacy College students as a representative sample of undergraduat... more To evaluate the behaviour of Pharmacy College students as a representative sample of undergraduate students in terms of the use of antibiotics in Mosul city, Iraq. A questionnaire was adopted from previous studies with minor modifications to suit the current study sample and distributed to undergraduate students from all stages of the College of Pharmacy at the University of Mosul, in Nineveh province, north of Iraq. The study sample included 429 students. The results were statistically analyzed using GraphPad prism 7 and Excel 2013. the study showed that 51.28 % (n=220) of the participants practiced self-medication with antibiotics over the past 6 months. Retail pharmacies were the most common source for obtaining the antibiotics (87.4%), followed by the nurse clinics (7.9%), and lastly from the leftovers (4.7%). The main reasons for self-medication with antibiotics were the belief of having good knowledge about antibiotic use, followed by assuming that practicing self-medication w...
Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.), 2017
Of the druggable group of G protein-coupled receptors in the human genome, a number remain which ... more Of the druggable group of G protein-coupled receptors in the human genome, a number remain which have yet to be paired with an endogenous ligand-orphan GPCRs. Among these 100 or so entities, 3 have been linked to the cannabinoid system. GPR18, GPR55, and GPR119 exhibit limited sequence homology with the established CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. However, the pharmacology of these orphan receptors displays overlap with CB1 and CB2 receptors, particularly for GPR18 and GPR55. The linking of GPR119 to the cannabinoid receptors is less convincing and emanates from structural similarities of endogenous ligands active at these GPCRs, but which do not cross-react. This review describes the evidence for describing these orphan GPCRs as cannabinoid receptor-like receptors.
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Papers by Ghayth Abdulrazzaq