The present study sets out to analyze aspectuality and coercion in Persian from a new perspective... more The present study sets out to analyze aspectuality and coercion in Persian from a new perspective. With regard to the transcendental aspectual distinction between perfectivity, characterized by boundedness and heterogeneity, and imperfectivity, specified by uniformity and homogeneity (Langacker, 2008), it is argued that the heterogeneity of verbs may be assessed according to their phasic and episodic variables. In other words, in contrast to homogeneous verbs, which lack any kind of boundedness, heterogeneous verbs may occur either in a bounded phasic domain or in a bounded episodic domain. Concerning phasic-episodic features, this study presents a new model of lexical aspect that can differentiate five aspectual categories. The paper also scrutinizes the combinations of different verbs with different sentential operators in order to explain various kinds of type-shifting triggered by different operators. Thereby, two procedures of phasic coercion and episodic coercion are introduced which are responsible for modifying the phasic and episodic features of verbs in order to resolve the semantic conflicts between verbs and sentential operators. These procedures modify the phasic/episodic attributes of verbs according to the viewing frames evoked by interpretative operators.
This paper aims at investigating the metaphorical integrations of riddles in the Kurdish language... more This paper aims at investigating the metaphorical integrations of riddles in the Kurdish language. For this purpose, 100 Kurdish riddles are analyzed according to the blending theory of metaphor (BT). Accordingly, the riddles are classified into three groups. The first one, which we call a contingent metaphor, involves those riddles shaped by metaphorical mapping between the precedent and the sequent as input spaces, which are then combined and compressed into the blend space. The linguistic structure of a contingent riddle includes the precedent space and some of the conceptual correspondences without any explicit reference to the sequent space. The possible candidates of the hidden sequent space are conditioned by the image-conceptual structure of the precedent space. The second group, which we call a discordant metaphor, includes those riddles that are based on a complicated metaphorical integration between the precedent and the sequent as input spaces: elements and relations of input spaces are cross-mapped, and then they are mixed and compressed into the blend space; and ultimately, a kind of disanalogy between spaces is brought about by backward projection. The linguistic structure of a discordant riddle includes two contradicting parts. The first part indicates the metaphorical integration, and the second shows the disanalogy. The candidacy of a possible sequent space is conditioned by the structure of the precedent space and by the differences highlighted by the backward projection. The metaphorical riddle in both groups is a specific kind of deliberate metaphor which invites the riddlee (addressee) to view (guess) the sequent in terms of the precedent. The deliberateness of the metaphorical riddle leads the riddlee to construct numerous metaphorical mappings between the precedent space and many possible candidates for the sequent space. The third group includes the non-metaphorical riddles not applying any kind of metaphor.
This paper aims at investigating aspect shifting in Persian language. To this aim, we investigate... more This paper aims at investigating aspect shifting in Persian language. To this aim, we investigate the semantic interaction of temporal adverbs (completive, durative, frequency, and locating ones), grammatical aspects (perfective and imperfective), and tense with aspectual meanings of verbs in the sentential level. The results show that aspect shifting occurs in favor of resolving the semantic conflict between semantic features of sentential operators and aspectual features of the verbs. In other words, coercion is actualized for removing this semantic anomaly. In this paper, all kinds of aspect shiftings triggered by the combination of verbs and sentential operators are explained, and their syntactic combinations are illustrated in a formal way. Finally, the general rules and procedures of coercion in Persian are presented. The proposed rules can predict any kind of coercion in different syntactic contexts. Finally, the scope of sentential operators in determining the sentential aspect in Persian language is presented.
This paper aims to investigate the relevance of metaphor and metonymy to ancient dream interpreta... more This paper aims to investigate the relevance of metaphor and metonymy to ancient dream interpretation in Islamic-Iranian culture. To this end, a most-referenced book of dream interpretation is analysed according to the conceptual metaphor theory. The results show that metaphor and metonymy play an important role in this ancient discourse. The metaphorical dream is based either on a resemblance between the dream as the source domain and its interpretation as the target domain, or on some symbolic metaphors arising from cultural conventions. The metonymic dream is formed by a contiguous relationship between the dream as the vehicle entity and its interpretation as the target entity. Concerning metaphorical dream interpretation, it can be argued that the overt content of the dream is mapped onto the latent content by resemblance or cultural convention. As regards metonymic dream interpretation, it can be said that the overt content of the dream is mapped onto the latent content by a conceptual metonymy based on socio-physical context. In addition, there are two other procedures of dream interpretation based on realistic representation and the technique of reversion. These cases do not apply figurative devices like metaphor and metonymy. Also, the dreamer’s personal knowledge of his or her life does not play a significant role in the discourse of dream interpretation in Islamic-Iranian culture.
The present paper aims at investigating the tense system and its relationship to the aspectual sy... more The present paper aims at investigating the tense system and its relationship to the aspectual system in Kurdish language. For this purpose, we analyze the tense system in the Kurdish language, and then evaluate its influences on the grammatical and situational aspects. The results show that the Kurdish language has a binary tense system (past and non-past). The combination of this system with modal and aspectual markers gives rise to various conceptions of time that are not necessarily enjoying a grammatical coding. For example, the combination of this tense system with the mood markers gives birth to future and posterior times. Also, the results demonstrate that the present tense can be mainly combined with the imperfect aspect, whereas the past tense is the most unmarked tense for the perfect aspect. In addition, all the lexical aspects may easily be expressed in the past tense, but many of them undergo coercion in the present tense. It should be noted that expressing the perfect aspect in present tense is possible in some situations including imperative sentences and sport report.
The present paper aims at investigating the aspectual system in Mokriany Kurdish language. For th... more The present paper aims at investigating the aspectual system in Mokriany Kurdish language. For this purpose, the two-component theory of aspectuality by Smith (1997) and the Discourse Representation Theory (Kamp and Reyle 1993) are applied to explain and categorize the relevant data. In this regard, a corpus including simple and complex verbs in Kurdish language is analyzed from a semantic perspective for illustrating the possible situation type aspects. The verb along with its arguments and adjuncts are considered as a semantic complex to illustrate the possible aspectual meanings in Kurdish language. Accordingly, the verb phrase (VP) is the level of analysis for scrutinizing the possible aspectual meanings. At the first place, five kinds of situation type (activity, accomplishment, achievement, semelfactive, and stative) will be illustrated, and then their respective derived versions will be explained. The results show that the five kinds of lexical aspects in Kurdish language are simultaneously influenced by the external events and the grammatical computations. The argument structure and the different adverbial phrases have a great impact on determining the final aspect of the verb in the sentence. Finally, the formal representations of the possible combinations of the situation aspects will be presented.
Abstract. This paper aims at investigating the Freudian symptom as an individual anti-language in... more Abstract. This paper aims at investigating the Freudian symptom as an individual anti-language involved in a semiotic antagonism towards the internal logonomic system. In Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalysis, the symptom is interpreted according to transcendental and atemporal principles. Leaving aside these principles, we argue for a social semiotic approach in which the meaning of symptom is determined by its antagonistic relationship to the logonomic system, and also by its converted link with the repressed object in a specific socio-cultural context. The symptomatic antagonism is marked by a hypocritical and ambivalent relationship with the logonomic system and the repressed entity. The duplicitous semiosis of the symptom refers to rhetorical transformations made to reach a compromise between the contradictory poles of the law and the forbidden phenomenon. As regards the relation of the symptom to subjectivity, the symptom emerges as a conjuncture in which the subject of statement is related to the subject of speaking in a conflicting way. Accordingly, the former as the replica of a legisign-subjectivity is related symptomatically to the latter as a mere sinsign not preceded by any ideological subjectivity. The symptom is like a hinge on which the opposing doors, namely consciousness and unconsciousness, turn. Finally, the case of Little Hans will be analysed proceeding from the antagonistic aspects of symptom. Keywords: Symptom, subjectivity, anti-language, social semiotics, Little Hans
presented in the conference on discourse analysis in the Institute for Humanities and Cultural St... more presented in the conference on discourse analysis in the Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship holding between metaphor and cultu... more The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship holding between metaphor and cultural models within the context of interlingual translation. More specifically, the paper seeks to ascertain the extent to which metaphors which are dependent on cultural models are translatable. For this purpose, we draw on the concept of ‘experiential equivalence’ in the case of metaphor translation and on that of cultural models as intersubjective manifestations of culture in the speaker’s mind. By way of elucidation, four Persian poetic texts by Khayyam and their English translations by Fitzgerald are examined in detail. Finally, this paper tries to propose a new definition of metaphor equivalence in translation.
to be published in Zabanshenasye tatbighye hamedan university
This paper aims to investigate the main metaphors about human, world, birth, life and death in th... more This paper aims to investigate the main metaphors about human, world, birth, life and death in the authentic quatrains of Khayyam. From a cognitive perspective and by considering 66 authentic quatrains of Khayyam, the metaphors of these main concepts have been investigated. The results show that for each concept there are different metaphors in the Rubayyats. The interesting point is that there are specific relations between metaphors, so that a specific metaphor of death is related to specific metaphors of life, birth… Five kinds of relations exist between different metaphors and each relation is itself a metaphorical model. So five macro-metaphorical models are proposed which all the metaphors are derived from these models. These five macro-metaphorical models are containment, pottery, rubbery, wine and return. Each model represents a relation between metaphors about human, world, death, birth and life. These models represent the metaphorical world view of Khayyam and it can be a basis for judging about authentic and fake quatrains of Khayyam.
پدیده استعاره و ویژگیهای فرهنگی آن از مشکلات اساسی فراروی نظریات ترجمه است. ترجمه پذیری استعاره ه... more پدیده استعاره و ویژگیهای فرهنگی آن از مشکلات اساسی فراروی نظریات ترجمه است. ترجمه پذیری استعاره همیشه نسبتی معکوس با فرهنگ داشته است. جستار حاضر با اتخاذ رویکردی شناختی در باب استعاره و فرایند ترجمه آن، این معضل را از نو بررسی میکند. در این راستا سه رباعی خیام انتخاب شده و ترجمه های انگلیسی و کردی آنها نیز مورد بررسی قرار میگیرند. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان میدهد که مترجمان عمدتاً در ترجمه ی استعارههای وابسته به الگوهای فرهنگی مشترک موفق عمل کرده و استعارههای وابسته به الگوهای نامشترک در متون مقصد بازآفرینی نشده اند. به همین دلیل میتوان شرایط انطباق یکسان در مدل ترجمهی مندلبلیت را محصول الگوهای مشترک فرهنگی دانسته و شرایط انطباق متفاوت را محصول الگوهای نامشترک دانست
""" In this paper, we show that the stem-maker –ya- in ancient Iranian languages which is added t... more """ In this paper, we show that the stem-maker –ya- in ancient Iranian languages which is added to the verbal roots in morpho-lexical structures to form passive stems has been preserved as –ya- and –yâ- in Kurdish dialects of Sorani, Ardalani, Kalhori, Ilami
and Horami. The existence of morpho-lexical passive structures in Kurish identical to that of ancient Iranian languages can be useful and enlightening in dealing with historical linguistic issues and language change and the nature of passive structures in other Modern Iranian languages such as Persian. """
In this paper, based on optimal theory a phonological process in Kurdish which introduces hypocor... more In this paper, based on optimal theory a phonological process in Kurdish which introduces hypocoristic names is studied. This process truncates the male and female’s names and turns them into bi-syllabic ones. Due to the gender, male and female’s names take special final endings. The dominant constraints on the hypocoristics formation are explained, and the constraint hierarchies have been drawn. It is shown that hypocoristic word formation follows the universal CV syllable pattern in this language. An important peripheral finding of this paper is that by making two-syllable hypocoristic names in Kurdish, it becomes evident that initial C- cluster doesn’t exist in this language and a very short vowel /I/ exists between the two members of the clusters which causes many to think that there exists c-cluster in onset position of syllables in Kurdish.
This research aims to investigate the situational and metaphorical code-switching and code-mixing... more This research aims to investigate the situational and metaphorical code-switching and code-mixing in the EFL classrooms in Bukan. The results show that we can discern a close relationship between mind, context and language use by looking at the phenomena of code- switching and code-mixing in these classes. A systematic analysis of data reveals that code-switching and code-mixing occur according to a change in the mental models including their social obligations as well as a change of topics. The use of a code is associated with a couple of factors triggered by context of situation and speaker’s conceptualization and intention. The study also show that code switching designating issue such a solidarity, informality, emotive information and symbolic function relates to Kurdish code, whereas the indexical meaning such as low solidarity, formality, referential information and communicative function attributes to Persian code. Code switching is triggered by simultaneous activation of mental models.
The present study sets out to analyze aspectuality and coercion in Persian from a new perspective... more The present study sets out to analyze aspectuality and coercion in Persian from a new perspective. With regard to the transcendental aspectual distinction between perfectivity, characterized by boundedness and heterogeneity, and imperfectivity, specified by uniformity and homogeneity (Langacker, 2008), it is argued that the heterogeneity of verbs may be assessed according to their phasic and episodic variables. In other words, in contrast to homogeneous verbs, which lack any kind of boundedness, heterogeneous verbs may occur either in a bounded phasic domain or in a bounded episodic domain. Concerning phasic-episodic features, this study presents a new model of lexical aspect that can differentiate five aspectual categories. The paper also scrutinizes the combinations of different verbs with different sentential operators in order to explain various kinds of type-shifting triggered by different operators. Thereby, two procedures of phasic coercion and episodic coercion are introduced which are responsible for modifying the phasic and episodic features of verbs in order to resolve the semantic conflicts between verbs and sentential operators. These procedures modify the phasic/episodic attributes of verbs according to the viewing frames evoked by interpretative operators.
This paper aims at investigating the metaphorical integrations of riddles in the Kurdish language... more This paper aims at investigating the metaphorical integrations of riddles in the Kurdish language. For this purpose, 100 Kurdish riddles are analyzed according to the blending theory of metaphor (BT). Accordingly, the riddles are classified into three groups. The first one, which we call a contingent metaphor, involves those riddles shaped by metaphorical mapping between the precedent and the sequent as input spaces, which are then combined and compressed into the blend space. The linguistic structure of a contingent riddle includes the precedent space and some of the conceptual correspondences without any explicit reference to the sequent space. The possible candidates of the hidden sequent space are conditioned by the image-conceptual structure of the precedent space. The second group, which we call a discordant metaphor, includes those riddles that are based on a complicated metaphorical integration between the precedent and the sequent as input spaces: elements and relations of input spaces are cross-mapped, and then they are mixed and compressed into the blend space; and ultimately, a kind of disanalogy between spaces is brought about by backward projection. The linguistic structure of a discordant riddle includes two contradicting parts. The first part indicates the metaphorical integration, and the second shows the disanalogy. The candidacy of a possible sequent space is conditioned by the structure of the precedent space and by the differences highlighted by the backward projection. The metaphorical riddle in both groups is a specific kind of deliberate metaphor which invites the riddlee (addressee) to view (guess) the sequent in terms of the precedent. The deliberateness of the metaphorical riddle leads the riddlee to construct numerous metaphorical mappings between the precedent space and many possible candidates for the sequent space. The third group includes the non-metaphorical riddles not applying any kind of metaphor.
This paper aims at investigating aspect shifting in Persian language. To this aim, we investigate... more This paper aims at investigating aspect shifting in Persian language. To this aim, we investigate the semantic interaction of temporal adverbs (completive, durative, frequency, and locating ones), grammatical aspects (perfective and imperfective), and tense with aspectual meanings of verbs in the sentential level. The results show that aspect shifting occurs in favor of resolving the semantic conflict between semantic features of sentential operators and aspectual features of the verbs. In other words, coercion is actualized for removing this semantic anomaly. In this paper, all kinds of aspect shiftings triggered by the combination of verbs and sentential operators are explained, and their syntactic combinations are illustrated in a formal way. Finally, the general rules and procedures of coercion in Persian are presented. The proposed rules can predict any kind of coercion in different syntactic contexts. Finally, the scope of sentential operators in determining the sentential aspect in Persian language is presented.
This paper aims to investigate the relevance of metaphor and metonymy to ancient dream interpreta... more This paper aims to investigate the relevance of metaphor and metonymy to ancient dream interpretation in Islamic-Iranian culture. To this end, a most-referenced book of dream interpretation is analysed according to the conceptual metaphor theory. The results show that metaphor and metonymy play an important role in this ancient discourse. The metaphorical dream is based either on a resemblance between the dream as the source domain and its interpretation as the target domain, or on some symbolic metaphors arising from cultural conventions. The metonymic dream is formed by a contiguous relationship between the dream as the vehicle entity and its interpretation as the target entity. Concerning metaphorical dream interpretation, it can be argued that the overt content of the dream is mapped onto the latent content by resemblance or cultural convention. As regards metonymic dream interpretation, it can be said that the overt content of the dream is mapped onto the latent content by a conceptual metonymy based on socio-physical context. In addition, there are two other procedures of dream interpretation based on realistic representation and the technique of reversion. These cases do not apply figurative devices like metaphor and metonymy. Also, the dreamer’s personal knowledge of his or her life does not play a significant role in the discourse of dream interpretation in Islamic-Iranian culture.
The present paper aims at investigating the tense system and its relationship to the aspectual sy... more The present paper aims at investigating the tense system and its relationship to the aspectual system in Kurdish language. For this purpose, we analyze the tense system in the Kurdish language, and then evaluate its influences on the grammatical and situational aspects. The results show that the Kurdish language has a binary tense system (past and non-past). The combination of this system with modal and aspectual markers gives rise to various conceptions of time that are not necessarily enjoying a grammatical coding. For example, the combination of this tense system with the mood markers gives birth to future and posterior times. Also, the results demonstrate that the present tense can be mainly combined with the imperfect aspect, whereas the past tense is the most unmarked tense for the perfect aspect. In addition, all the lexical aspects may easily be expressed in the past tense, but many of them undergo coercion in the present tense. It should be noted that expressing the perfect aspect in present tense is possible in some situations including imperative sentences and sport report.
The present paper aims at investigating the aspectual system in Mokriany Kurdish language. For th... more The present paper aims at investigating the aspectual system in Mokriany Kurdish language. For this purpose, the two-component theory of aspectuality by Smith (1997) and the Discourse Representation Theory (Kamp and Reyle 1993) are applied to explain and categorize the relevant data. In this regard, a corpus including simple and complex verbs in Kurdish language is analyzed from a semantic perspective for illustrating the possible situation type aspects. The verb along with its arguments and adjuncts are considered as a semantic complex to illustrate the possible aspectual meanings in Kurdish language. Accordingly, the verb phrase (VP) is the level of analysis for scrutinizing the possible aspectual meanings. At the first place, five kinds of situation type (activity, accomplishment, achievement, semelfactive, and stative) will be illustrated, and then their respective derived versions will be explained. The results show that the five kinds of lexical aspects in Kurdish language are simultaneously influenced by the external events and the grammatical computations. The argument structure and the different adverbial phrases have a great impact on determining the final aspect of the verb in the sentence. Finally, the formal representations of the possible combinations of the situation aspects will be presented.
Abstract. This paper aims at investigating the Freudian symptom as an individual anti-language in... more Abstract. This paper aims at investigating the Freudian symptom as an individual anti-language involved in a semiotic antagonism towards the internal logonomic system. In Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalysis, the symptom is interpreted according to transcendental and atemporal principles. Leaving aside these principles, we argue for a social semiotic approach in which the meaning of symptom is determined by its antagonistic relationship to the logonomic system, and also by its converted link with the repressed object in a specific socio-cultural context. The symptomatic antagonism is marked by a hypocritical and ambivalent relationship with the logonomic system and the repressed entity. The duplicitous semiosis of the symptom refers to rhetorical transformations made to reach a compromise between the contradictory poles of the law and the forbidden phenomenon. As regards the relation of the symptom to subjectivity, the symptom emerges as a conjuncture in which the subject of statement is related to the subject of speaking in a conflicting way. Accordingly, the former as the replica of a legisign-subjectivity is related symptomatically to the latter as a mere sinsign not preceded by any ideological subjectivity. The symptom is like a hinge on which the opposing doors, namely consciousness and unconsciousness, turn. Finally, the case of Little Hans will be analysed proceeding from the antagonistic aspects of symptom. Keywords: Symptom, subjectivity, anti-language, social semiotics, Little Hans
presented in the conference on discourse analysis in the Institute for Humanities and Cultural St... more presented in the conference on discourse analysis in the Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship holding between metaphor and cultu... more The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship holding between metaphor and cultural models within the context of interlingual translation. More specifically, the paper seeks to ascertain the extent to which metaphors which are dependent on cultural models are translatable. For this purpose, we draw on the concept of ‘experiential equivalence’ in the case of metaphor translation and on that of cultural models as intersubjective manifestations of culture in the speaker’s mind. By way of elucidation, four Persian poetic texts by Khayyam and their English translations by Fitzgerald are examined in detail. Finally, this paper tries to propose a new definition of metaphor equivalence in translation.
to be published in Zabanshenasye tatbighye hamedan university
This paper aims to investigate the main metaphors about human, world, birth, life and death in th... more This paper aims to investigate the main metaphors about human, world, birth, life and death in the authentic quatrains of Khayyam. From a cognitive perspective and by considering 66 authentic quatrains of Khayyam, the metaphors of these main concepts have been investigated. The results show that for each concept there are different metaphors in the Rubayyats. The interesting point is that there are specific relations between metaphors, so that a specific metaphor of death is related to specific metaphors of life, birth… Five kinds of relations exist between different metaphors and each relation is itself a metaphorical model. So five macro-metaphorical models are proposed which all the metaphors are derived from these models. These five macro-metaphorical models are containment, pottery, rubbery, wine and return. Each model represents a relation between metaphors about human, world, death, birth and life. These models represent the metaphorical world view of Khayyam and it can be a basis for judging about authentic and fake quatrains of Khayyam.
پدیده استعاره و ویژگیهای فرهنگی آن از مشکلات اساسی فراروی نظریات ترجمه است. ترجمه پذیری استعاره ه... more پدیده استعاره و ویژگیهای فرهنگی آن از مشکلات اساسی فراروی نظریات ترجمه است. ترجمه پذیری استعاره همیشه نسبتی معکوس با فرهنگ داشته است. جستار حاضر با اتخاذ رویکردی شناختی در باب استعاره و فرایند ترجمه آن، این معضل را از نو بررسی میکند. در این راستا سه رباعی خیام انتخاب شده و ترجمه های انگلیسی و کردی آنها نیز مورد بررسی قرار میگیرند. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان میدهد که مترجمان عمدتاً در ترجمه ی استعارههای وابسته به الگوهای فرهنگی مشترک موفق عمل کرده و استعارههای وابسته به الگوهای نامشترک در متون مقصد بازآفرینی نشده اند. به همین دلیل میتوان شرایط انطباق یکسان در مدل ترجمهی مندلبلیت را محصول الگوهای مشترک فرهنگی دانسته و شرایط انطباق متفاوت را محصول الگوهای نامشترک دانست
""" In this paper, we show that the stem-maker –ya- in ancient Iranian languages which is added t... more """ In this paper, we show that the stem-maker –ya- in ancient Iranian languages which is added to the verbal roots in morpho-lexical structures to form passive stems has been preserved as –ya- and –yâ- in Kurdish dialects of Sorani, Ardalani, Kalhori, Ilami
and Horami. The existence of morpho-lexical passive structures in Kurish identical to that of ancient Iranian languages can be useful and enlightening in dealing with historical linguistic issues and language change and the nature of passive structures in other Modern Iranian languages such as Persian. """
In this paper, based on optimal theory a phonological process in Kurdish which introduces hypocor... more In this paper, based on optimal theory a phonological process in Kurdish which introduces hypocoristic names is studied. This process truncates the male and female’s names and turns them into bi-syllabic ones. Due to the gender, male and female’s names take special final endings. The dominant constraints on the hypocoristics formation are explained, and the constraint hierarchies have been drawn. It is shown that hypocoristic word formation follows the universal CV syllable pattern in this language. An important peripheral finding of this paper is that by making two-syllable hypocoristic names in Kurdish, it becomes evident that initial C- cluster doesn’t exist in this language and a very short vowel /I/ exists between the two members of the clusters which causes many to think that there exists c-cluster in onset position of syllables in Kurdish.
This research aims to investigate the situational and metaphorical code-switching and code-mixing... more This research aims to investigate the situational and metaphorical code-switching and code-mixing in the EFL classrooms in Bukan. The results show that we can discern a close relationship between mind, context and language use by looking at the phenomena of code- switching and code-mixing in these classes. A systematic analysis of data reveals that code-switching and code-mixing occur according to a change in the mental models including their social obligations as well as a change of topics. The use of a code is associated with a couple of factors triggered by context of situation and speaker’s conceptualization and intention. The study also show that code switching designating issue such a solidarity, informality, emotive information and symbolic function relates to Kurdish code, whereas the indexical meaning such as low solidarity, formality, referential information and communicative function attributes to Persian code. Code switching is triggered by simultaneous activation of mental models.
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Papers by Rahman Veisi
Keywords: Symptom, subjectivity, anti-language, social semiotics, Little Hans
and Horami. The existence of morpho-lexical passive structures in Kurish identical to that of ancient Iranian languages can be useful and enlightening in dealing with historical linguistic issues and language change and the nature of passive structures in other Modern Iranian languages such as Persian. """
Keywords: Symptom, subjectivity, anti-language, social semiotics, Little Hans
and Horami. The existence of morpho-lexical passive structures in Kurish identical to that of ancient Iranian languages can be useful and enlightening in dealing with historical linguistic issues and language change and the nature of passive structures in other Modern Iranian languages such as Persian. """