Diagenetic illitic clays from seven North American bentonites of Ordovician, Devonian, and Cretac... more Diagenetic illitic clays from seven North American bentonites of Ordovician, Devonian, and Cretaceous ages and from three subsurface North Sea sandstones of Permian and Jurassic ages have been examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). XRD indicates that the clays from the bentonites are randomly and regularly interstratified illite/smectites (I/S) with 30–90% illite layers, whereas the clays from the Jurassic and Permian sandstones are regularly interstratified I/S, with 80–90% illite layers, and illite respectively. TEM of shadowed materials shows that randomly interstratified I/S consists primarily of mixtures of elementary smectite and ‘illite’ particles (10 and 20Å thick respectively) and that regularly interstratified I/S and illite consist mainly of ‘illite’ particles 20–50 Å thick and > 50 Å thick respectively. Regularly interstratified I/S from bentonites and sandstones are similar with regard to XRD character and...
Subacute rumen acidosis is thought to be a common condition in early lactating dairy cattle; howe... more Subacute rumen acidosis is thought to be a common condition in early lactating dairy cattle; however, diagnosis is difficult. There are currently only two techniques available for measuring rumen pH under field conditions: rumenocentesis and oral stomach tube. Sixteen rumen-fistulated cows were sampled in four sites of the rumen (cranial-ventral, caudal-ventral, central, and cranial-dorsal) with a rumen cannula. Rumen pH results were compared to those obtained at the same time with rumenocentesis and with an oro-ruminal (Geishauser) probe. Rumen fluid was obtained between 6 and 12 wk of lactation. Samples were analyzed for pH, lactate, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Rumen pH results were also compared to those obtained from 24-h continuous rumen pH measurement using indwelling rumen pH probes. Oro-ruminal probe samples had the highest pH values and the highest bicarbonate concentrations. Rumenocentesis samples had the lowest pH values and the lowest bicarbonate concentrations. Small differences in electrolyte concentrations were noted among rumen fluid collection techniques in the different rumen sites. The highest correlations of rumen pH were obtained between rumenocentesis and rumen cannulation (cranial-ventral), and between rumen cannulation (cranial-ventral) and the 24-h indwelling pH meter. Compared with samples obtained from the cranial-ventral rumen, rumenocentesis was more sensitive than the oro-ruminal probe in the measurement of low rumen pH; both techniques were moderately specific. The most accurate field tech
Forty pearl millet germplasms consisting of traditional and improved open pollinated varieties, h... more Forty pearl millet germplasms consisting of traditional and improved open pollinated varieties, hybrids, and inbreds were selected to represent diversity for grain yield or quality, fertility restoration for specific cytoplasms, resistance to diseases or pests, variation in height and maturity, and origin. Evaluations were conducted in field trials in Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal in 2003 and 2004 and in Burkina Faso, Niger, and Zambia in 2004. Data were collected on yield, downy mildew incidence, maturity, plant height, and panicle length. Variation occurred for all traits across locations and genotypes. Across locations and years, Sosat-C88, ICMV IS 89305, Gwagwa, NKK, Sosank, and CIVT were the highest yielding entries. Yields of Sosat-C88, Sosank, and CIVT were more stable across environments, and yields of ICMV IS 89305, Gwagwa, and NKK increased in response to more favorable environments. Sosank, CIVT, ICMV IS 89305, Sosat-C88, and Gwagwa were also among the most downy mild...
Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions, 2019
Over the course of the twentieth century, Buddhism came to be associated widely with peace, toler... more Over the course of the twentieth century, Buddhism came to be associated widely with peace, tolerance, and calm detachment in the Western popular imagination. This association was created in opposition to depictions of Christianity as violent, intolerant, and irrational. Buddhism, as the imagined perfect Other, held considerable appeal for counterculture seekers disenchanted with mainstream cultures. While many Buddhist groups played upon these stereotypes to enhance their image and support recruitment, one new Buddhist movement—the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order—went further, employing ritualized “therapeutic blasphemy” to eradicate Christian conditioning in their members and critique mainstream society. Such actions baffled many other Buddhists, but make sense when seen as efforts to heighten in-group solidarity, proclaim distinctive identity, and take the assumption of Buddhism’s superiority over Christianity to its ultimate conclusion. This article attempts to explain why...
Pearl millet inbreds and hybrids were evaluated for resistance to chinch bug at Lincoln, NE, and ... more Pearl millet inbreds and hybrids were evaluated for resistance to chinch bug at Lincoln, NE, and Tifton, GA, in 2003 and 2004. Insect feeding damage expressed as plant mortality, stunting, leaf sheath necrosis, and tiller mortality was observed over time. Resistance was expressed by a slower rate of plant damage to resistant genotypes compared to susceptible ones. Across experiments, inbreds 59464B and 59668M-1 were most frequently identified as resistant. Inbred Tift 99B was susceptible in every experiment and by every assessment criterion. The experiments revealed information on the genetic expression of resistance. When insect damage among hybrids made with Tift 454 was compared, resistance tended to be dominant or overdominant in expression. Evidence for location-specific resistance caused by environmental conditions or genetic differences in the insect populations between the two locations was observed. Inbreds 03GH707 and Tift 454, developed at Tifton, were resistant only in s...
Key impediments to increased corn yield and quality in the southeastern US coastal plain region a... more Key impediments to increased corn yield and quality in the southeastern US coastal plain region are damage by ear-feeding insects and aflatoxin contamination caused by infection of Aspergillus flavus. Key ear-feeding insects are corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, and brown stink bug, Euschistus servus. In 2006 and 2007, aflatoxin contamination and insect damage were sampled before harvest in three 0.4-hectare corn fields using a grid sampling method. The feeding damage by each of ear/kernel-feeding insects (i.e., corn earworm/fall armyworm damage on the silk/cob, and discoloration of corn kernels by stink
Pearl millet is an alternative grain for the drought-prone southeast region of the United States.... more Pearl millet is an alternative grain for the drought-prone southeast region of the United States. High humidity in this region can frequently promote the development of diverse fungi associated with grain mold complex. This study was conducted to develop a reliable method for grain mold inoculations, and to assess the grain mold resistance of pearl millet inbreds. A mixture of Fusarium semitectum, F. chlamydosporum, and F. verticillioides was used to inoculate seven pearl millet inbreds, Tift 454, Tift 99B, 106B, 206B, 406B, 506B and 606B in the greenhouse. Mold growth was visible at 3 days, and increased during the 7-day incubation period. Mold severity ratings did not differ when evaluated at 2 or 4 weeks after inoculation. More precise control over environmental conditions during the incubation period should be explored for more consistent results across inoculation dates. Inbreds differed in their susceptibility to grain molds. Tift 99B, Tift 454 and 606B were most susceptible i...
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2010
Objective—To compare apparent prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacte... more Objective—To compare apparent prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp in feces collected from pigs reared with antimicrobial-free versus conventional production methods in 8 states in the Midwestern United States. Design—Cross-sectional study. Sample Population—95 swine farms that used antimicrobial-free (n = 35) or conventional (60) production methods. Procedures—Fecal samples from 15 pigs/farm were collected. Biochemical and multiplex-PCR analyses were used to identify Campylobacter spp. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and tetracycline for these organisms were determined by use of a commercially available antimicrobial gradient strip. The data were analyzed by use of population-averaged statistical models. Results—Campylobacter spp were isolated from 512 of 1,422 pigs. A subset (n = 464) of the 512 isolates was available for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The app...
Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is fo... more Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above. All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, however, is required.
Amalgam is a wonderful restorative material that has been used in dentistry for over 150 years. M... more Amalgam is a wonderful restorative material that has been used in dentistry for over 150 years. Millions of people worldwide have at least one dental amalgam restoration, and have not suffered any adverse effects. It is easily placed, relatively cheap and durable. It expands while setting thereby creating a tight marginal seal. If moisture is incorporated there will be some increased expansion on setting, but this does not usually cause problems. However, in contrast to tooth coloured restorative materials, it requires mechanical retention to the tooth and more extensive cavity-preparation. Amalgam also is an excellent core material for crowns. When set it is silver in colour, which is unsuitable for anterior teeth. Amalgam fillings can last 40 plus years. They can be repaired easily by cutting a lock into the existing amalgam. Composite restorations, by comparison, are very technique sensitive, not as long lasting as a well-placed amalgam, prone to microleakage and staining and are significantly more expensive. Composites contract on setting and do not bond directly to amalgam so are not the material of choice for repairing defective amalgam margins.
Address: 1Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2Hami... more Address: 1Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2Hamilton District Health Council, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 3Université de Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada, 4Ministry of Health and Long-Term ...
Address: 1Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2Hami... more Address: 1Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2Hamilton District Health Council, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 3Université de Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada, 4Ministry of Health and Long-Term ...
The Bushveld Complex in South Africa includes one of the world's largest anorogenic alkaline... more The Bushveld Complex in South Africa includes one of the world's largest anorogenic alkaline granite intrusions (66,000 km 2 ). The granite forms a composite laccolith, of 350 × 250 km in area and about 2 km in thickness, which was emplaced at about 5 km depth into ...
Diagenetic illitic clays from seven North American bentonites of Ordovician, Devonian, and Cretac... more Diagenetic illitic clays from seven North American bentonites of Ordovician, Devonian, and Cretaceous ages and from three subsurface North Sea sandstones of Permian and Jurassic ages have been examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). XRD indicates that the clays from the bentonites are randomly and regularly interstratified illite/smectites (I/S) with 30–90% illite layers, whereas the clays from the Jurassic and Permian sandstones are regularly interstratified I/S, with 80–90% illite layers, and illite respectively. TEM of shadowed materials shows that randomly interstratified I/S consists primarily of mixtures of elementary smectite and ‘illite’ particles (10 and 20Å thick respectively) and that regularly interstratified I/S and illite consist mainly of ‘illite’ particles 20–50 Å thick and > 50 Å thick respectively. Regularly interstratified I/S from bentonites and sandstones are similar with regard to XRD character and...
Subacute rumen acidosis is thought to be a common condition in early lactating dairy cattle; howe... more Subacute rumen acidosis is thought to be a common condition in early lactating dairy cattle; however, diagnosis is difficult. There are currently only two techniques available for measuring rumen pH under field conditions: rumenocentesis and oral stomach tube. Sixteen rumen-fistulated cows were sampled in four sites of the rumen (cranial-ventral, caudal-ventral, central, and cranial-dorsal) with a rumen cannula. Rumen pH results were compared to those obtained at the same time with rumenocentesis and with an oro-ruminal (Geishauser) probe. Rumen fluid was obtained between 6 and 12 wk of lactation. Samples were analyzed for pH, lactate, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Rumen pH results were also compared to those obtained from 24-h continuous rumen pH measurement using indwelling rumen pH probes. Oro-ruminal probe samples had the highest pH values and the highest bicarbonate concentrations. Rumenocentesis samples had the lowest pH values and the lowest bicarbonate concentrations. Small differences in electrolyte concentrations were noted among rumen fluid collection techniques in the different rumen sites. The highest correlations of rumen pH were obtained between rumenocentesis and rumen cannulation (cranial-ventral), and between rumen cannulation (cranial-ventral) and the 24-h indwelling pH meter. Compared with samples obtained from the cranial-ventral rumen, rumenocentesis was more sensitive than the oro-ruminal probe in the measurement of low rumen pH; both techniques were moderately specific. The most accurate field tech
Forty pearl millet germplasms consisting of traditional and improved open pollinated varieties, h... more Forty pearl millet germplasms consisting of traditional and improved open pollinated varieties, hybrids, and inbreds were selected to represent diversity for grain yield or quality, fertility restoration for specific cytoplasms, resistance to diseases or pests, variation in height and maturity, and origin. Evaluations were conducted in field trials in Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal in 2003 and 2004 and in Burkina Faso, Niger, and Zambia in 2004. Data were collected on yield, downy mildew incidence, maturity, plant height, and panicle length. Variation occurred for all traits across locations and genotypes. Across locations and years, Sosat-C88, ICMV IS 89305, Gwagwa, NKK, Sosank, and CIVT were the highest yielding entries. Yields of Sosat-C88, Sosank, and CIVT were more stable across environments, and yields of ICMV IS 89305, Gwagwa, and NKK increased in response to more favorable environments. Sosank, CIVT, ICMV IS 89305, Sosat-C88, and Gwagwa were also among the most downy mild...
Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions, 2019
Over the course of the twentieth century, Buddhism came to be associated widely with peace, toler... more Over the course of the twentieth century, Buddhism came to be associated widely with peace, tolerance, and calm detachment in the Western popular imagination. This association was created in opposition to depictions of Christianity as violent, intolerant, and irrational. Buddhism, as the imagined perfect Other, held considerable appeal for counterculture seekers disenchanted with mainstream cultures. While many Buddhist groups played upon these stereotypes to enhance their image and support recruitment, one new Buddhist movement—the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order—went further, employing ritualized “therapeutic blasphemy” to eradicate Christian conditioning in their members and critique mainstream society. Such actions baffled many other Buddhists, but make sense when seen as efforts to heighten in-group solidarity, proclaim distinctive identity, and take the assumption of Buddhism’s superiority over Christianity to its ultimate conclusion. This article attempts to explain why...
Pearl millet inbreds and hybrids were evaluated for resistance to chinch bug at Lincoln, NE, and ... more Pearl millet inbreds and hybrids were evaluated for resistance to chinch bug at Lincoln, NE, and Tifton, GA, in 2003 and 2004. Insect feeding damage expressed as plant mortality, stunting, leaf sheath necrosis, and tiller mortality was observed over time. Resistance was expressed by a slower rate of plant damage to resistant genotypes compared to susceptible ones. Across experiments, inbreds 59464B and 59668M-1 were most frequently identified as resistant. Inbred Tift 99B was susceptible in every experiment and by every assessment criterion. The experiments revealed information on the genetic expression of resistance. When insect damage among hybrids made with Tift 454 was compared, resistance tended to be dominant or overdominant in expression. Evidence for location-specific resistance caused by environmental conditions or genetic differences in the insect populations between the two locations was observed. Inbreds 03GH707 and Tift 454, developed at Tifton, were resistant only in s...
Key impediments to increased corn yield and quality in the southeastern US coastal plain region a... more Key impediments to increased corn yield and quality in the southeastern US coastal plain region are damage by ear-feeding insects and aflatoxin contamination caused by infection of Aspergillus flavus. Key ear-feeding insects are corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, and brown stink bug, Euschistus servus. In 2006 and 2007, aflatoxin contamination and insect damage were sampled before harvest in three 0.4-hectare corn fields using a grid sampling method. The feeding damage by each of ear/kernel-feeding insects (i.e., corn earworm/fall armyworm damage on the silk/cob, and discoloration of corn kernels by stink
Pearl millet is an alternative grain for the drought-prone southeast region of the United States.... more Pearl millet is an alternative grain for the drought-prone southeast region of the United States. High humidity in this region can frequently promote the development of diverse fungi associated with grain mold complex. This study was conducted to develop a reliable method for grain mold inoculations, and to assess the grain mold resistance of pearl millet inbreds. A mixture of Fusarium semitectum, F. chlamydosporum, and F. verticillioides was used to inoculate seven pearl millet inbreds, Tift 454, Tift 99B, 106B, 206B, 406B, 506B and 606B in the greenhouse. Mold growth was visible at 3 days, and increased during the 7-day incubation period. Mold severity ratings did not differ when evaluated at 2 or 4 weeks after inoculation. More precise control over environmental conditions during the incubation period should be explored for more consistent results across inoculation dates. Inbreds differed in their susceptibility to grain molds. Tift 99B, Tift 454 and 606B were most susceptible i...
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2010
Objective—To compare apparent prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacte... more Objective—To compare apparent prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp in feces collected from pigs reared with antimicrobial-free versus conventional production methods in 8 states in the Midwestern United States. Design—Cross-sectional study. Sample Population—95 swine farms that used antimicrobial-free (n = 35) or conventional (60) production methods. Procedures—Fecal samples from 15 pigs/farm were collected. Biochemical and multiplex-PCR analyses were used to identify Campylobacter spp. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and tetracycline for these organisms were determined by use of a commercially available antimicrobial gradient strip. The data were analyzed by use of population-averaged statistical models. Results—Campylobacter spp were isolated from 512 of 1,422 pigs. A subset (n = 464) of the 512 isolates was available for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The app...
Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is fo... more Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above. All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, however, is required.
Amalgam is a wonderful restorative material that has been used in dentistry for over 150 years. M... more Amalgam is a wonderful restorative material that has been used in dentistry for over 150 years. Millions of people worldwide have at least one dental amalgam restoration, and have not suffered any adverse effects. It is easily placed, relatively cheap and durable. It expands while setting thereby creating a tight marginal seal. If moisture is incorporated there will be some increased expansion on setting, but this does not usually cause problems. However, in contrast to tooth coloured restorative materials, it requires mechanical retention to the tooth and more extensive cavity-preparation. Amalgam also is an excellent core material for crowns. When set it is silver in colour, which is unsuitable for anterior teeth. Amalgam fillings can last 40 plus years. They can be repaired easily by cutting a lock into the existing amalgam. Composite restorations, by comparison, are very technique sensitive, not as long lasting as a well-placed amalgam, prone to microleakage and staining and are significantly more expensive. Composites contract on setting and do not bond directly to amalgam so are not the material of choice for repairing defective amalgam margins.
Address: 1Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2Hami... more Address: 1Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2Hamilton District Health Council, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 3Université de Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada, 4Ministry of Health and Long-Term ...
Address: 1Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2Hami... more Address: 1Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2Hamilton District Health Council, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 3Université de Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada, 4Ministry of Health and Long-Term ...
The Bushveld Complex in South Africa includes one of the world's largest anorogenic alkaline... more The Bushveld Complex in South Africa includes one of the world's largest anorogenic alkaline granite intrusions (66,000 km 2 ). The granite forms a composite laccolith, of 350 × 250 km in area and about 2 km in thickness, which was emplaced at about 5 km depth into ...
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