Siddig Muneer

University of Khartoum, Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Faculty Member

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Ph.D Iowa State University, 1989 (Major: Rural Sociology, Minor: Economics).
M.Sc. Iowa State University, 1986 (Rural Sociology).
B.Sc. University of Khartoum, 1981 (Major: Agric. Economics).
Phone: 00966501661327

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muhammad muddassir

King AbdulAziz University (KAU) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Naushad Khan

Khalid Javed

University Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences Lahore

Sichuan Agriculture University

Murtaza Sahito

Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam-Pakistan

kashif amin

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Books by Siddig Muneer

Multifunctional Agriculture in Sudan: Indigenous practices and potential environmental and social roles

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Water and Food Security in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Chances (in Arabic).

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Dry land farming in Sudan: Low inputs and low sustainability

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Papers by Siddig Muneer

Effectiveness of Micro-Credit Loans Provided by Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited Under Awami Zarai Scheme to the Farmers of Faisalabad, Pakistan

Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences, Apr 1, 2016

Pakistan agriculture credit system consists of formal and informal sources of credit supply. The ... more Pakistan agriculture credit system consists of formal and informal sources of credit supply. The formal credit sources involve financial organizations like Zarai Taraqiati Bank limited (ZTBL) formerly known as Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan (ADBP), commercial banks and cooperative societies. ZTBL is considered one of the biggest financial organizations that has contributed in the rural sector of the country. The bank is serving as the prime financial institution. It caters the credit needs of farmers for the development and upgradation of agriculture as well as promotion of small-house industries in the rural areas. ZTBL provides loans to mostly small farmers of 12 acres of land. The present study was designed to explore the effectiveness of these micro-credit loans. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents from 2 towns of tehsil Faisalabad. Questionnaire was designed in English and then translated into local language to collect maximum information. SPSS was applied to analyze the data and interpreted in the form of frequencies and percentages. It is found that agricultural production increased by loaning and loans directly affected on the farmer life. Most of the farmers of about 36.7% used loan's amount to purchase the agriculture utilities and some used this amount for other purposes. The study also revealed that loanees are mostly from the young age group and educated. It was perceived that rare filed visits of credit officers and difficult documentation during loan process were main hindrances for farmers. Some of the farmers have perception as 'it is not good to get loan' but majority is in the favor. It is concluded that loan cause positive effective on the farmer's life.

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Impact of International Fund for Agricultural Development (Ifad)/Community Based Agricultural and Rural Development Programme (Cbardp) on Poverty Reduction Among Rural Women in Kebbi State, Nigeria

The Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2015

This study examined the impact of IFAD/CBARBDP on poverty reduction among rural women of Kebbi St... more This study examined the impact of IFAD/CBARBDP on poverty reduction among rural women of Kebbi State Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select a total of 120 beneficiaries. Interview schedule was the main tool used for data collection while descriptive statistics (means, frequency distribution and percentages) and t-test were used to analyse the data. The poverty status of the beneficiaries had improved with the program when compared with their status before the programme because of the positive effect the programme had on the income from other activities and that from livestock production. The mean annual income from other activities of the beneficiaries before participation in the programme was N35, 900.00 which increased to about N75, 600.00 with the programme. Significant difference was noted in income of the beneficiaries from other activities before and with the programme. The mean annual income from livestock before the programme was N26, 196.67and thi...

An Analytical Study of Work Motivation among the Agricultural Extension Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research

The efficiency of workers depends on their abilities, skills and motivation to utilize these abil... more The efficiency of workers depends on their abilities, skills and motivation to utilize these abilities and skills in performing their duties. Thus, the level of workers' motivation is considered and important determinant of their efficiency. This study is intended to determine the Saudi Agricultural Extension Workers' level of motivation and its correlates. Data was collected through mail questionnaire from all (266) the Extension Workers and response rate was 69.5%. Percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression was used to analyze data using SPSS. The study results showed that 60.6%, 32.4% and 7.0% of the respondents have high, medium and low level of motivation respectively. Moreover the study revealed that the factors that have significant effect the Saudi Agricultural Extension workers are: relation with and appreciation by colleagues and supervisors, extent of benefit from training, relevancy of training to agricultural extension tas...

Knowledge Levels of the Nursery Workers in Riyadh City and Addiriyah Province on the Insects of Ornamental Plants and their Control Measures

Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research

This study aimed at exploring the level of knowledge of the nurseries workers about some of the i... more This study aimed at exploring the level of knowledge of the nurseries workers about some of the insects of the ornamental plants, infection symptoms and methods of control. The level of their knowledge was measured by identifying the sources of information, used by them. Data were collected from the workers of the 91 nurseries at Riyadh city and Alddiriyah province, using a valid and a reliable questionnaire. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution, means, standard deviation, chi square test and multiple regression analysis, by using SPSS program. Results indicated that more than two thirds (65.9%) of the respondents were non-Saudis and they were considered as temporary laborers. About 90% of the respondents had good knowledge of the Arabic language, and only 42.9% of them could read English. The fact undermines their ability to make use of sources of information such as the pesticides label and extension pamphlets written in English. Moreover, the study revealed that 56...

International Journal of Agricultural Extension AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND THE CONTINUOUS PROGRESSIVE FARMERS' BIAS AND LAGGARDS BLAME: THE CASE OF DATE PALM PRODUCERS IN SAUDI ARABIA A B S T R A C T

Even distribution of resources and services to ensure balanced agricultural development, that ben... more Even distribution of resources and services to ensure balanced agricultural development, that benefits different regions and farmers groups in a comparable manner, has been a persistent objective of all agricultural development plans in Saudi Arabia. Nevertheless, small farmers with relatively limited resources attendance to and benefit from agricultural extension services is expected to be limited compared to their large and well-off counterparts. This is due to weaknesses and problems constraining agricultural extension efficiency, the most important of which is inappropriate institutional framework and organizational structure. This paper examined the thesis that small and relatively poor farmers in Saudi Arabia benefit less than their large and relatively rich counterparts from agricultural extension service. The study was conducted in the most important seven Date Palm growing administrative areas in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from a simple random sample of 2637 farmers through face to face interviews. Cross-tabs and Chi square test were used to analyze the data. The study results revealed a statistically significant association between Date Palm producers' participation in extension activities and their educational level, farm size, possession of income from sources other than agriculture and annual income. Also the study indicated that agricultural extension failed to realize high adoption rates of modern agricultural technologies even among the so called "progressive farmers". This is consistent with the general consensus in the extant literature about the need to reform the public agricultural extension systems in most of the developing countries.

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International Journal of Agricultural Extension AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND THE CONTINUOUS PROGRESSIVE FARMERS' BIAS AND LAGGARDS BLAME: THE CASE OF DATE PALM PRODUCERS IN SAUDI ARABIA

Assessing the level of Environmental Awareness of the Workers on Environment in the Industrial Cities of Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science

The industrial cities are one of the most important sources of environmental pollution in the Kin... more The industrial cities are one of the most important sources of environmental pollution in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Chemical, cement, pesticides, steel mills and iron, lead smelters, tanning and other multiple hazardous industries exist in clusters in the industrial cities of Riyadh. In the general system of the kingdom, they have been classified as dangerous as they pose negative effects on the environment and human health. This study aims at assessing the level of the environmental awareness among the employees of industrial cities and their knowledge on the environment they work in. The ultimate objective of study is to help in preserving the environment and provide safe environment to the workers to avoid industrial risks and to ensure application of the occupational health and safety measures. Data was collected through personal interviews with a simple random sample of 321 workers, engaged in the multiple disciplines and they represent the real diversity existing in the ind...

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Dryland farming in Sudan: Low inputs and low sustainability

The East African Drylands Research Programme is a collaborative venture between the Centre for De... more The East African Drylands Research Programme is a collaborative venture between the Centre for Development Studies (CDS), University of Bergen, Norway, and the Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (OSSREA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The programme involves researchers from Ethiopia, Norway, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Its major objective is to produce development-relevant information on East African drylands. Taking a broad view rather concentrating on the issue of crisis management, the programme focuses on the spatial and temporal dimensions of resource management. A number of workshops had been held dealing with the issue of human adaptations in East African drylands. This is the third of the proceedings published within the East African Drylands programme. The first one, Managing Scarcity: Human adaptation in East African Drylands (edited by Abdel Ghaffar M. Ahmed and Hassan A. Abdel Ati) was based on a workshop in Addis Ababa (24-26 August 1995), ...

The urban bias of socioeconomic development in Sudan: the case of women's education

The Ahfad journal, 1993

This study examines women's educational achievements in the Sudan. Data were obtained from th... more This study examines women's educational achievements in the Sudan. Data were obtained from the Ministry of Education on students who took the Sudanese Secondary Certificate Examination in 1991. Findings indicate that 9% of female students compared to 8% of male students took the exam and entered secondary schools. Females constituted a greater percentage in urban and rural areas; however, females were more likely to be admitted into higher education in urban areas. In 1991, 9% of urban girls and only 6% of rural girls were admitted into higher education. The poorer performance is attributed to more negative attitudes toward women's education in rural areas, which results in less time spent studying and poorer quality of rural education. In 1989, only 24.5% of students at Khartoum University were students from rural areas; in 1990, 27% came from rural areas. It is stated that educational policy and practices should be amended to account for the rural inequalities. Continuation of imbalances is likely to lead to unbalanced socioeconomic development.

Transfer of knowledge through expatriates nationals (TOKTEN) as a gender sensitive development assistance modality in patriarchal societies: An example from Kassala State, Eastern Sudan

Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 2011

Transfer of knowledge through expatriate nationals (TOKTEN) initiative is a UNDP technical assist... more Transfer of knowledge through expatriate nationals (TOKTEN) initiative is a UNDP technical assistance modality that aims at human resource capacity building in countries that suffer from brain-drain. One of the main constraints that impede maximum contribution of human resource development programs towards sustainable development is lack of gender-sensitivity. TOKTEN initiative is believed to overcome this constraint. Thus, this paper will examine this thesis in the Sudanese setting. Data were collected from 46 trainees who attended a training workshop arranged through TOK-TEN initiative. t-Test was used to examine the difference in the level of knowledge of the male and female trainees about the different concepts and topics under consideration before and after the workshop. The study results reflected a significant improvement in the trainees' level of knowledge with no significant difference between the mean level of knowledge of the male and female trainees. Thus,

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Agricultural development and environmental problems in Sudan. The case of EN Nahud Cooperative Credit Project in Kordofan State, Sudan

Science of The Total Environment, 1995

It has been recognized that environment degradation is always implicit in the activities and effo... more It has been recognized that environment degradation is always implicit in the activities and efforts that are intended for development and economic growth. One of the main environmental problems that is associated with development activities is the indiscriminate deforestation and clearing of land for agricultural expansion. In the past this was attributed to large commercial farmers, but recently small farmers are believed to play an important role in forest and tree destruction. EN Nahud small farmers Cooperative Credit Project in western Sudan is taken as an example to test this claim. A stratified random sample of 120 small farmers was selected to represent those who benefited from the project and those who did not. The results show that farmers who received credit from the project have expanded their cultivated area rather than increased their productivity per unit of land. Thus, this study illustrates that development projects that are intended for small farmers development also have negative impacts on the environment.

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Appropriate Cropping Pattern as an Approach to Enhancing Irrigation Water Efficiency in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

thejaps.org.pk

Khodran et al., J. Anim. Plant Sci. 22(1):2012 224 APPROPRIATE CROPPING PATTERN AS AN APPROACH TO... more

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Do tree shelter belts have the relative advantage to convince farmers to grow them: an empirical example from the Gezira Agricultural Scheme, Sudan

faculty.ksu.edu.sa

Page 1. Do tree shelter belts have the relative advantage to convince farmers to grow them: an em... more

Some socio-economic and environmental impacts of animal traction as an intermediate technology In rural development: an example from Sudan

Animal traction (as intermediate technology) has been widely spread since a long time throughout ... more Animal traction (as intermediate technology) has been widely spread since a long time throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America. There are considerable differences in level of development and types of the technology as well as differences between the areas in which it has been introduced. Animal traction equipments are used in agricultural operations (i.e. plowing, leveling, seeding, harvesting, and crop threshing), as well as for transportation (i.e. animal carts). In the last three decades, animal traction technology has been adopted in different rural development projects in Sudan, as an intermediate alternative to the very traditional and modern technologies. The idea mainly aimed at introducing simple, efficient, low-cost appropriate technology to increase the agricultural productivity, and the cultivated area as well as to promote off-farm activities in the rural areas. This study was conducted to investigate the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of the intermediate technology which is introduced as a main component of the Nuba Mountains Rural Development Project. To meet the objective of the study a field survey was conducted in the Nuba Mountains area to collect the primary data from a stratified random sample of 296 farmers through personal interviews using a questionnaire. Also complementary qualitative primary data was collected through group discussion and informal interviews with traditional leaders, farmers and agricultural extension agents and observation. The study findings indicate that, the animal traction implements introduced by the project has achieved considerable positive environmental and socioeconomic impacts in the project area. These consequences are reflected in increased cultivated area, increased productivity per feddan, improving farmers' skills and provision of jobs for some marginal groups. Thus, resulted in sustained food security, and increased agricultural income which is reflected in the consumption patterns and significant changes in the beneficiaries' life style, as well as their savings and investment practices

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The Role of people’s Knowledge and Attitudes in conservation of Wildlife in the Natural Reservations: A Case Study of the Ibex Reservation in AL-Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia

(SPSS). The study indicated that the young generation's level of knowledge regarding the importan... more (SPSS). The study indicated that the young generation's level of knowledge regarding the importance of wildlife is low. The main reason for this is the lack of educational programs that deals with the importance of wildlife conservation. The study also showed the respondents have good information about the Ibex reserve location and the patrolling system used to protect it, while their information about the plants and animals' life in the reserve is limited. The respondents perceived that the enforcement of punishment is the only way to put an end to illegal hunting in the reserve. It was recommended to have television educational programs as the best way to raise local people level of environmental awareness.

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Agricultural Extension and the Continuous Progressive Farmers’ Bias and Laggards Blame: The Case of Date Palm Producers in Saudi Arabia

The Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2014

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Gender Inequality and Nutritional Status in Patriarchal Societies: The Case of Primary School Students in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control

Women contribute significantly to the economy and the labor market through their paid and unpaid ... more Women contribute significantly to the economy and the labor market through their paid and unpaid work in the public and private sector. The increased recognition of women’s important contribution to the global economy through their productive and reproductive roles, and the recognition of their marginalization have led to a consensus among all stakeholders about the importance and need to bring all forms of social, cultural and economic gender inequality to an end. While sex means the biological differences between the males and females, gender is related to the culturally based expectations and roles that are ascribed to each of the two sexes in the different societies. In many societies, labeled as patriarchal societies, there is discrimination in vesting power and control over resources in favor of men; gender inequality [1]. Thus, gender inequality means the existence of social norms and even official laws and rules that result in differential access to and control over resources, services and opportunities based on the person’s sex [2]. Consequently, in patriarchal societies the use and control of resources and economic opportunities are dominated by men [3,4]. Enforcement of women’s economic, social, and cultural rights will not only enhance the fulfillment of their direct physical needs (practical needs), but also help in reforming the root of the unequal power relations between the sexes (strategic needs). In patriarchal societies, such as the one under consideration, gender inequality is associated with some eating and nutritional habits that may have negative impacts on women’s and/or men’s nutritional status [5]. An example of eating habits associated with gender inequality that negatively impacts women in some societies is the tradition that women eat after men. This not only results in females having neither enough food, nor balanced meals that include all the needed nutrients, but very commonly they eat unhealthy and unsafe food, as in some cultures the eating habit is that all the food is put in one container and the males eat first and the females eat what is left over [2]. In many societies women and girls eat the food remaining after the male family members have eaten [6]. Women, girls, the sick and disabled are the main victims of this “food discrimination”, which results in chronic under-nutrition and ill-health [6]. It has been argued that gender inequality is positively associated with wide spread of acute and chronic under-nutrition particularly among women and children [7]. In 2009 the World Food Program revealed that 60% of the chronically hungry individuals were females [8]. Even worse than that, is the fact that when malnutrition and gender disparity interact in patriarchal societies, the female children have less chances to make up for nutritional deficiencies compared to their male counterparts due to the nutritional and eating habits that are reinforced by the male biased culture [1]. Another example of the association between gender inequality and nutritional status is the restriction on women movement outside their homes (such as going to restaurants) without being accompanied by one of their male relatives which limits their access to fast food. Although this Volume 6 Issue 4 2017

Multifunctional Agriculture in Sudan: Indigenous practices and potential environmental and social roles

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Water and Food Security in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Chances (in Arabic).

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Dry land farming in Sudan: Low inputs and low sustainability

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Effectiveness of Micro-Credit Loans Provided by Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited Under Awami Zarai Scheme to the Farmers of Faisalabad, Pakistan

Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences, Apr 1, 2016

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Impact of International Fund for Agricultural Development (Ifad)/Community Based Agricultural and Rural Development Programme (Cbardp) on Poverty Reduction Among Rural Women in Kebbi State, Nigeria

The Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2015

An Analytical Study of Work Motivation among the Agricultural Extension Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research

Knowledge Levels of the Nursery Workers in Riyadh City and Addiriyah Province on the Insects of Ornamental Plants and their Control Measures

Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research

International Journal of Agricultural Extension AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND THE CONTINUOUS PROGRESSIVE FARMERS' BIAS AND LAGGARDS BLAME: THE CASE OF DATE PALM PRODUCERS IN SAUDI ARABIA A B S T R A C T

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International Journal of Agricultural Extension AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND THE CONTINUOUS PROGRESSIVE FARMERS' BIAS AND LAGGARDS BLAME: THE CASE OF DATE PALM PRODUCERS IN SAUDI ARABIA

Assessing the level of Environmental Awareness of the Workers on Environment in the Industrial Cities of Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science

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Dryland farming in Sudan: Low inputs and low sustainability

The urban bias of socioeconomic development in Sudan: the case of women's education

The Ahfad journal, 1993

Transfer of knowledge through expatriates nationals (TOKTEN) as a gender sensitive development assistance modality in patriarchal societies: An example from Kassala State, Eastern Sudan

Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 2011

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Agricultural development and environmental problems in Sudan. The case of EN Nahud Cooperative Credit Project in Kordofan State, Sudan

Science of The Total Environment, 1995

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Appropriate Cropping Pattern as an Approach to Enhancing Irrigation Water Efficiency in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

thejaps.org.pk

Khodran et al., J. Anim. Plant Sci. 22(1):2012 224 APPROPRIATE CROPPING PATTERN AS AN APPROACH TO... more

Download

Do tree shelter belts have the relative advantage to convince farmers to grow them: an empirical example from the Gezira Agricultural Scheme, Sudan

faculty.ksu.edu.sa

Page 1. Do tree shelter belts have the relative advantage to convince farmers to grow them: an em... more

Some socio-economic and environmental impacts of animal traction as an intermediate technology In rural development: an example from Sudan

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The Role of people’s Knowledge and Attitudes in conservation of Wildlife in the Natural Reservations: A Case Study of the Ibex Reservation in AL-Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia

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Agricultural Extension and the Continuous Progressive Farmers’ Bias and Laggards Blame: The Case of Date Palm Producers in Saudi Arabia

The Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2014

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Gender Inequality and Nutritional Status in Patriarchal Societies: The Case of Primary School Students in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control

Factors Affecting Adoption of Agroforestry Farming System as a Mean for Sustainable Agricultural Development and Environment Conservation in Arid Areas of Northern Kordofan State, Sudan

Page 1. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 15, No (1) June, 2008 137 Factors Affecting Ado... more

Factors affecting agroforestry farmining system

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Analytical study of the use of the different extension methods by Agricultural Extension Workers in Shabwah and Hadhramout Governorates in the Republic of Yemen

Analytical study of the use of the different extension methods by Agricultural Extension Workers ... more Analytical study of the use of the different extension methods by Agricultural Extension Workers in Shabwah and Hadhramout Governorates in the Republic of Yemen *Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The main objective of this research is to identify the extension methods used in the governorates of Shabwah and Hadhramout and the evaluation of its effectiveness from the extension workers’ perspective. Data was collected through mail questionnaire which was sent to all of the 158 extension workers working in the research area; the response rate was 94.3%. Percentages, mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient (Spearman correlation coefficient) were used to analyze the data. The study results revealed that the extension methods that were most used most effective were the extension fields, extension pamphlets and field visits. The study also indicated the existence of a positive and statistically singnificant correlation between the extension workers' level of educat...

Some security concepts related to food security.

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