research by Ammar J . Al-khaz'ali
Alnakhla Journal of Science, 2024
A field experiment was carried out in the fields of the rice research station in Al-Mishkhab-Naja... more A field experiment was carried out in the fields of the rice research station in Al-Mishkhab-Najaf Governorate, belongs to the Agricultural Research Office, in the winter seasons 2014-2015 and 2016-2017 to study the effect of seeding date and rate on the growth and productivity of wheat grown under the rice-wheat successive system. The wheat variety Abaa 99 was planted in the fields of the Jasmine rice variety, and the plants were standing and not yet harvested, on two dates, 11/15 and 12/15, at four seeding rates of 120, 160, 200, and 240 kg/ha, according to a randomized complete block design in the order of factorial experiments, with three replications. The results showed that the early planting date of 11/15 outperformed the late date of 15/12 in all the studied traits, as it gave the highest grain yields of 2,635 and 3,690 tons/ha compared to the late date of 1,583 and 1,461 t/ha for the first and second seasons, respectively. The seed rate of 160 kg/ha gave the highest grain yield of 2.5 and 2.71 t/ha for the first and second seasons, respectively. Therefore, we recommend planting wheat in mid-November, at a seed rate of 160 kg/ha under the ricewheat succession system, in the environment of the rice region of Iraq.
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2023
This study aimed to determine the optimum seeding rate of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) cultivars in ira... more This study aimed to determine the optimum seeding rate of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) cultivars in iraq. The experiment was conducted at Al Diwaniyah Research Station, Agricultural Research Office/ Ministry of Agriculture for two seasons 2019 and 2021. A Factorial Experiment Design was used According to RCBD design in an order of split plot with three replicates, The main plots occupied the cultivars factor which was: - Yasamine (Y), Forat (F), Dijla (D), Baraka (B), Gadeer (G) and Anbar (A). While the seeding rate factor filled sub plots: - 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 Kg ha-1. The research results for both seasons, indicated that each cultivar had an ideal seeding rate, as the seeding rate for the Y variety is 120 kgha-1, as it gave the best leaf area, the weight of 1000 grain, and the grains panicles-1, which was reflected in the best grain yield at this level. The results also showed that the seeding rate for the F variety was 140 kgha-1, as it gave the best plant height, panicles m-2, weight of 1000 grain, and grains panicles-1, thus giving the best grain yield at this level. The results showed that the seeding rate for variety D was 140 kgha-1, which gave the best plant height, leaf area, panicles m-2, and grains panicles-1, which reflected positively on the best grain yield at this level .The results indicated that the seeding rate for variety B was kgha-1, as it gave the best plant height, panicle m-2, unfertility, and grains panicles-1, which was reflected in the best grain yield at this level. As for the G variety, the best seeding rate was 120 kgha-1, as it excelled in all the studied treatments (plant height, panicle length, leaf area, panicles m-2, weight of 1000 grain, unfertility, and grains panicles-1), which was significantly reflected on the grain yield at this level. Whereas, cultivar A showed that the best seeding rate was 140 kgha-1 if it gave the best plant height, leaf area and panicles m-2 and thus gave the best grain yield at this level.
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2023
A field experiment was carried out at Al-Najaf Governorate at Rice Research Station - Mishkaab / ... more A field experiment was carried out at Al-Najaf Governorate at Rice Research Station - Mishkaab / Agricultural Research Office during the summer season of 2019 to study the effect of cultivation methods for three varieties of rice, using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement with three replicates. The study contains three varieties of Rice (Anmbar33, Yasmine and Furat1) as main treatments, whereas, sub plots contain four treatments of the cultivation methods (direct seeds drilling in plots (flat sowing) its symbol (S1), transplanting seedlings in plots (flat sowing) its symbol (S2), direct seed drilling by mastaba method (raised bed sowing) its symbol (S3) and transplanting seedling by mastaba method (raised bed sowing) its symbol (S4)). The results presented the superiority of the variety Furat1 significantly gave the best results of (weight of 1000 grains (gm), number of panicles.m2, and yield ton. ha-1. The treatment of cultivation method S4 was also superior by giving the best results of (Panicle Length cm, Number of Days from Planting to 100% Flowering, Number of Grains. panicle -1, and Yield ton. ha-1).
Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023
, this study was aimed evaluation herbicides for controlling narrow and broad weed. The experimen... more , this study was aimed evaluation herbicides for controlling narrow and broad weed. The experiment included the use of Pallas OD herbicide, with an application rate of 500 ml. ha-1 and Limitless WG with application rate 400 g. ha-1 + 500 ml. ha-1 activator in addition to free weed treatment and weedy control treatment. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used. Limitless herbicide treatment achieved the lowest mean number of weeds, which were 1.3 and 2.3 plants. m-2 with a control rate of 93.44% and 91.1%, in comparison to the weedy treatment, it decreased the dry weight of the weed (1.97 and 3.22 g. m-2) with an inhibition rate of 88.46% and 87.1% for the two seasons, respectively, which had the most weeds on average, at 22.67 and 28.7 plants. Throughout the two seasons, the weed plants with the highest average dry weight were 19.12 and 24.86 g. m-2. The number of weeds and plants.m-2 and the control rate were identical between the control treatments using Limitless and Pallas. The number of grains and spikes increased (by 39.2 and 43.20 percent, respectively) with the Limitless therapy. In comparison to the weedy treatment, spike-1 increased grain productivity by 56.9% and 66.47% for both seasons, with a percentage of 32.7% and 36.08%, weight of 1000 grains at a rate of 27.47% and 24.83%. It can be concluded that weed herbicides with low and high concentrations can be used to kill weeds in wheat fields.
Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2023
This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of various herbicides for weed control in oni... more This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of various herbicides for weed control in onion, at Abu-Ghraib research station, Iraq. during the winter growing season of 2018/2019. The experiment was applied using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications. Each replication comprised four herbicides treatment were (Oxyfluorfen (24 g. h-1), Flumzifop-P-Butyl (120 g. h-1), Haloxyfop-R-Methylester (108 g. h-1), and Pendimethalin (660 g. h-1), In addition to weed free plot and a weedy check. Result showed that Oxyfluorfen had the lowest weed density 1.7 plant. m-2 at control ratio of 84.5% followed by Pendimethalin 2.0 plant. m-2 at control ratio of 81.7%, as compared to the weedy check 11.0 plant. m-2. Similarly, the maximum average weight of onion bulbs 98.55 g, and yield 20347.67 kg. ha-1 were recorded in the weed free plots followed by Pendimethalin 81.88 g and 18014.33 kg. ha-1 as compared to weedy check 45.17 g and 7896.00 kg. ha-1. From this study we conclude that all the herbicides that used have reduced the number of weeds and their dry weights by depending on the nature of the chemical composition of the herbicide in comparison with control treatment and thus increasing the total onion yield.
IRAQI JOURNAL OF DESERT STUDIES, 2022
A field experiment was conducted during the summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 to study the effect o... more A field experiment was conducted during the summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 to study the effect of adding Seaweed extract (Algaren) on the growth and yield components of two varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was accomplished using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement with three replicates. The study involved two varieties of Rice (Anbbar33 and Yassamen) as main treatments, while, sub plots comprised of six treatments add of seaweed extract (Algaren) and they were symbolized (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5). Results show that the variety Yassamen significantly superposed to Anbbar33 variety in all growth and yield components. Also, the adding Seaweed extract (Algaren) T5 treatment (Seed immersion in 0.2-0.3% solution before planting + first spray at stage 2-4 leaves + second spray at the branching stage) significantly gave the best results of (Number of days from planting to 50% flowering, number of days from planting to physiological maturity, number of effective branches bearing panicle. m-2 , the weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, compared to T0 (non-adding plant) which gave the lowest values. The interaction between varieties and Seaweed extract showed that the Yassamen cultivar with T5 treatment significantly outperformed in all growth and yield components compared to cultivar Anbbar33 with treatment T0 (non-addition of Algaren) which gave the lowest values. From the data obtained from this study, it can be concluded that adding Algaren leads to improving the growth and yield components of varieties of rice used in this experiment.
Jornal of Al-Muthanna for Agricultural Sciences, 2021
A field experiment was conducted at Mishkab Rice Research Station/ Agricultural Research Office- ... more A field experiment was conducted at Mishkab Rice Research Station/ Agricultural Research Office- at Al-Najaf Governorate during the summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 to study the effect of adding Seaweed extract (Algaren) on growth and yield components of two varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was accomplished using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement with three replicates. The study involved two varieties of Rice (Anbbar33 and Yassamen) as main treatments، while، sub plots comprised of Six treatment add of seaweed extract (Algaren) and they were symbolized (T0، T1، T2، T3، T4 and T5). Results show that variety Yassamen significantly superposed to Anbbar33 variety in all growth and yield components. Also the using Seaweed extract(Algaren) T5 treatment (Seed immersion in 0.2-0.3% solution before planting + first spray at stage 2-4 leaves + second spray at the branching stage) significantly gave the best results of (Crop Growth Rate (CGR) (g.m-2 .day-1 )، Relative Growth Rate (RGR) (gm.gm-1 . Day-1)، height of plant (cm)، Panicle Length (cm)، Biological yield (tons. ha-1 )، grain yield (tons. ha-1 )، harvest index (%) compared to T0 (non-adding plant) which gave the lowest values. The interaction between varieties & Seaweed extract showed that the Yassamen cultivar with T5 treatment significantly outperformed in all growth and yield components compared to cultivar Anbbar33 with treatment T0 (non-addition of seaweed extract) which gave the lowest values.
Int. J. Agricult. Stat. Sci., 2021
A field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of some selective herbicides on narrow leaf ... more A field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of some selective herbicides on narrow leaf weeds grown in wheat fields. Buhooth 22 was cultivated during the winter season 2017-2018 at the Abu Ghraib Research Station of the Ministry of Agriculture's Department of Agricultural Research. The trial included the use of three herbicides (Reward 10% EC, Traxos 050 EC at two levels and Topik 100 EC) in addition to the weedy controlled treatment with three replications and using a Randomized complete block design (RCBD). The Reward EC 10 % treatment attained the lowest density of weeds, reaching one plant.m 2 with a control rate of 96.96% and a lesser weeds dry weight (2.40 gm.m-2) with either an inhibition rate (95.74%) in comparison with the control treatment, which provided an average of 33 plants.m-2 and revealed a positive average weed dry weight (54.43 gm.m-2). The use of the similar herbicide culminated in a rise in grain. Grain with a rate of 37.94% and a weight of 1000 grains by 32.43% and that was reflected in grain yield increment by 82.78% compared to the weedy treatment, which gave the lowest yield rate of 3.328 tons.ha-1. We conclude from the above that both herbicides had a significant effect on all the studied traits and at different rates compared to the weedy treatment, although the Reward 10% EC herbicide treatment significantly outperformed other treatments in the low use rate, the number of weeds, the percentage (%) of control, inhibiting and plant height, while there were no significant differences in the weedy treatment.
Plant Archives, 2020
A field experiment was carried out during the 2017/2018 winter season in the Abu Ghraib Research ... more A field experiment was carried out during the 2017/2018 winter season in the Abu Ghraib Research Station, Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture to assess the effectiveness of control broad-leaf weeds growing in the field of wheat variety Buhooth 22. The experiment included use three herbicides, Spotlight 75 DWG (80 g. h-1), 2, 4-D (1330 ml. h-1), and Lintur WG (180 ml.h-1), as well as weedy treatment. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication. The Lintur herbicide treatment has been achieved the lowest number of weeds (1.3 plant.m-2) with control percent of 94.7%, and reduce the dry weight of the weeds (4.3 gm.m-2) with inhibition percent of 95.2% compared to weedy treatment which recorded the highest average for the number of weeds was 26.7 plants.m-2 and the highest average dry weight of weed plants (90.9 gm.m-2). The Spotlight and 2.4-D treatments did not differ significantly from Lintur treatment in weed density, control ratio, weed dry weight, and inhibition percent. The treatment of Lintur WG gave the number of spikes (364.0 sp.m-2), seed per spike (69.33), and 1000 seed weight (36.26 g), which was positively reflected in the increase of grain yield by (68.8%) compared to the weedy treatment. We conclude from the above that all the herbicides used have reduced the number of weeds and their dry weights have been reduced by varying percentages depending on the nature of the chemical composition of the herbicide compared to the comparison treatment and thus increasing the yield and its components.
Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 2019
A field experiment was carried out at Abu Ghraib Research Station-Agricultural Research Departmen... more A field experiment was carried out at Abu Ghraib Research Station-Agricultural Research Department for the growing seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 in order to evaluate the performance of eight introduced bread wheat genotypes from the University of Perth/ Australia Research Station and compare them with the two local varieties IPA 99 and Abu Ghraib 3. The experiment was implemented in randomized completely block design with (R.C.B.D.) with three replicates. The results indicate statistically differences between genotypes for all studied characters. The introduced genotype M7 was superior to other genotypes for kernals.m 2 (492 kernals.m 2), 1000 seed weight (35.50 gm), grain yield (6.62 ton.ha-1) and harvest index (41.68%), while the genotype M2 was superior in grain per spike (62 grain.spike-1) and genotype M4 in total dry weight yield (17.78 ton.ha-1).
Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2019
A field trial was conducted of Abu-Ghraib Research Station, Agriculture Research Office Research ... more A field trial was conducted of Abu-Ghraib Research Station, Agriculture Research Office Research during the spring and fall times of 2016, to study the effect of new herbicides (60gm.h-1 Arrow, 600 cm3.h-1 Crew, 2000 cm3.h-1 Guradian and 2000 cm3.h-1 Proponit) on the performance of seven maize cultivars (Fajer1, Baghdad3, 5018, Al-Maha, Talar, Sara and Buhuth 106). The experiment was accomplished using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement. The Guradian treatment gave the highest value of Leaf Area Index (LAI) 2.18 and 2.35 at both seasons respectively, while the weedy treatment gave the lowest values (1.49 and 1.58) respectively. Crew treatment gave superior value of Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) 6.96 gm.m-2.day-1 at spring season, while Proponit treatment gave superior value at fall season 6.88 gm. m-2.day-1. The weed -free treatment gave superior value of grain yield and biological yield at both seasons 3.840, 4.866 and 17.99, 20.57 ton. ha-1, while Arrow treatment gave high value of harvesting index at both seasons 22.28% and 22.24 % respectively. The treatment weed-free with Buhuth106 gave superior value of grain 4.179 and 5.817 ton. ha-1 at both seasons respectively. While weedy treatment with Talar gave lowest value of grain yield in spring season was 1.449 and with Al-Maha in fall season 1.921 tons. ha-1. It can be concluded from this study that using good cultivars of highly competitive with the absence or reduction of weeds competition by using herbicides, it could lead to improve some growth index for maize and thus increase yield.
Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture/ 10th Scientific Conference on Agricultural Research
A field study was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station of the office of Agricultural Research... more A field study was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station of the office of Agricultural Research during spring and fall seasons of 2014, to study the Effect of new herbicides on crop growth rates (CGR) and relative growth rates (RGR) of seven maize cultivars. The experiment was accomplished by using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement with three replicates. The study involved six different weed treatments (60gm.h-1 Arrow, 600 cm3.h-1 Crew, 2000 cm3.h-1 Guradian , and 2000 cm3.h-1 Proponit, Weed Free, Weedy) as main treatments, whereas, sub plots comprised of seven maize cultivars (Al-Maha, Baghdad 3, Buhuth 106, Fajer 1, Talar, Sara and 5018).
The results showed that the weed free gave the highest values of CGR reached 2.827, 23.98, 17.98 and 7.37, 21.51, 16.81 gm. m-2. Day-1 respectively in all period's growth for both seasons. As well, the Guardian treatment have a significant superiority where gave the highest CGR for all periods, reached 2.785, 22.95 and 17.44 gm.m-2.day-1 in the spring season consecutively, As well as for the fall season, where reached 6.85, 21.21 and 16.79 gm. m-2. Day-1 consecutively, superior on other treatments. While weedy treatment gave the lowest CGR where reached 1.748 , 13.71 , 8.34 and 3.87 , 15.74 , 6.96 gm.m-2.day-1 for both seasons and all growth durations consecutively. Buhuth 106 gave the highest CGR for both seasons, while reached 2.929 and 23.23 gm. m-2.Day-1 for the first and second period in the spring season, and it was not significant for the third period, And achieved in the Fall season, reach 7.05 , 21.97 and 16.29 gm.m-2. Day-1 for all periods respectively. The control treatments are differed significantly in the Relative Growth Rate (RGR). In the spring season, weed free gave the highest values of RGR reached 0.0883, 0.0778, and 0.0160 gm.gm-1.Day 1 followed by Guradian by giving 0.0879, 0.0750 and 0.0156 gm.gm-1.Day-1 consecutively. Weedy gave lowest rate reached 0.0734, 0.0684 and 0.0114 gm.gm-1.day-1 for all periods consecutively, and the same thing for the fall season. Buhuth 106 gave the highest RGR reached 0.0893, 0.0754 for the first and second period in the spring season, and it was not significant for the third period, And achieved 0.1286, 0.0669 and 0.0153 gm.gm-1.Day-1 in the Fall season consecutively.
IRAQI JOURNAL OF DESERT STUDIES, 2017
A field experiment was carried out at field experiments of Abu Ghraib Agricultural Research Stati... more A field experiment was carried out at field experiments of Abu Ghraib Agricultural Research Station / Ministry of Agriculture, in order to study the effect of different methods of planting and irrigation methods in the characteristics of growth, yield and components of cultivar (IPA 8) semi-erect. A factorial experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design were used two factors with three replications, the first factor consisted upon four agriculture cultivation methods (rows, rows then furrow, furrow and shoulders), the second factor included irrigation factor (T), the first levels (T 1) irrigation depletion of 50-55% of the field capacity and the second (T 2) when depletion of about 70-75% of the field capacity (deleting one irrigation between each two). The results showed the superiority of the method of cultivation on the lines and then furrow the highest dry weight of the plant was 127 g.plants-1 ,number of pods. Plant-1 55.7, seed weight 52g. Plants-1 , pods yield and grains (6.2 and 5.2) tons.h-1 respectively. The T 1 irrigation method gave a higher dry weight of plant a 129.2 g. Plant-1 , higher weight of seeds 48.3 g.Plant-1 , total yield of seeds and pods (6.3 and 4.9 tons.h-1) respectively. The interaction between the method of plants on lines then furrow at the treatment of irrigation (T 1) had a significant effect on the number of seeds.Plant-1 reached 108.1 seeds. Plant-1 , seed weight was 58.6 g.Plant-1 and total seed yield was 5.8 Ton.h-1 , while no significant differences were found in the percentage between yield of seeds to yield of pods in irrigation parameters.
The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017
A field experiment was conducted during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 seasons at field of State Agr... more A field experiment was conducted during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 seasons at field of State Agricultural Researchers at Abu Ghraib, in order to study the grain yield of two varieties) Triticum aestivum L.) with magnetized water effect. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications.The main plots included (irrigation with magnetized and irrigation with non-magnetized water), and wheat varieties (Fath and Abu Ghraib3) were distributed on sub plots. The results showed that the plants irrigated with magnetize water were superposed in plant height (97.00 and 94.33) cm, (68.48,70.25) for the number of grains.spike-1 , weight of 1000 grains.gm (33.64 and 31.18) and grain yield (5.75,5.63) ton.h-1 for the seasons respectively. In addition, the cultivar of the Fath varieties species superposed in most studied traits, giving the highest number of grains.spike-1 (66.62 and 68.08), weight of 1000 grain.gm (33.81 and 30.97) and grain yield (5.79 and 5.48) ton-1 compared with Abu Ghraib 3 cultivar which gave the lowest mean of the traits, while there were no significant differences Between the two varieties in the number of the spike.m-2 at both seasons respectively. The effect of interaction between cultivars and the addition of magnetized irrigation water was significant in the grain yield characteristics of the cultivars. m-2 (491.0 and 483.00), the number of grains.spike-1 (67.97 and 70.50) and grain yield (6.28 and 5.85) tons. h-1 compared to non-magnetized irrigated plants, which gave the lowest mean for the two seasons respectively.
Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences , 2016
A field trials was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station / Agricultural Research Office (33°19... more A field trials was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station / Agricultural Research Office (33°19ʹ27ʺ.1 North, 44°14ʹ13ʺ.1 East) during spring & fall seasons of 2014, to study the response of maize cultivars (Al-Maha, Baghdad 3, Buhuth 106, Fajer1, Talar, Sara and 5018(to weeds control under different herbicides (2000 cm 3 .h-1 Guradian , 60 gm.h-1 Arrow, 2000 cm 3 .h-1 Proponit, 600 cm 3 .h-1 Crew , Weedy and Weed Free). The experiment was accomplished using randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to split plot arrangement with three replicates. The study involved six different weed treatments as main treatments, whereas, sub plots comprised of seven maize cultivars. The results revealed a clear effect of different weeds control treatments most of the studied traits. The treatment (2000 cm 3 .h-1 Guradian) gave less mean of weed density reached 9.19 & 14.05 plant.m-² during both seasons in comparison with weedy treatment gave the highest mean of weed density reached 20.81 & 28.81 plant.m-² for both seasons respectively. So, the Guradian treatment achieved the highest percentage of weed control which were 55.70 & 50.72 % for both seasons respectively in comparison with weedy treatment. And therefore decreased weed dry matter weight where the Guradian treatment gave lowest weed dry matter weight 116.37 & 153.35 gm.m-2 for both seasons respectively. Whereas, the highest weed dry matter weight was in weedy treatment 391.56 & 858.59 gm.m-2 during the both seasons, and then elevating inhibition percentage 70.35 & 81.34% for both seasons respectively as compared with weedy treatment. Fajer1in the spring season record the lowest average density reached 8.94 plant.m-2 , While Baghdad 3 gave the highest average for this Character reached 11.78 plant.m-2 , and In the fall season, Buhuth 106 record lowest average to this Character reached 13.72 plant.m-2 while Sarah gave the highest average for this Character reached 16.22 plant.m-2. Most of maize cultivars showed a response to the different treatments of weed control. Where, The Guradian treatment with Al-Maha gave less mean of weed density reached 7.33 plant.m-² in comparison with weedy treatment with Baghdad3 gave the highest mean of weed density reached 25.33 plant.m-²during the spring season. While, in the fall season; The Guradian treatment with Buhuth 106 gave less mean of weed density reached 12.00 plant.m-² in comparison with weedy treatment with Sara gave the highest mean of weed density reached 34.33 plant.m-²during the spring season. finally, We can conclude that all Herbicides have reduced the weed density and decreased weed dry matter weight in varying proportions depending on the nature of the chemical composition of the herbicide treatment compared with weedy treatment and also the maize cultivars showed ability to compete with the weed and thus Difference at ratios of reducing the weed density and weed dry matter weights.
Books by Ammar J . Al-khaz'ali
مكتب الفريد للطباعة والاستنساخ, 2020
تعد الأدغال مشكلة مهمة في الزراعة حيث تتعرض المحاصيل الزراعية في جميع انحاء العالم لحوالي 30000 ن... more تعد الأدغال مشكلة مهمة في الزراعة حيث تتعرض المحاصيل الزراعية في جميع انحاء العالم لحوالي 30000 نوع من الادغال ويسبب اكثر من 1800 نوع منها اضرارا اقتصادية جسيمة وذلك بحسب تقرير المنظمة العربية للتنمية الزراعية وقد بينت نتائج الدراسات والاحصائيات مدى الخسائر الكبيرة التي تصيب الانتاج الزراعي العالمي سنويا لمحاصيل ستراتيجية مهمة اقتصاديا في توفير الامن الغذائي العالمي خاصة محاصيل الحنطة و الشعير والرز جراء الافات الزراعية المختلفة والتي تاتي في مقدمتها الادغال.
اما بالنسبة لمحصول الرز فقد سجل حوالي 400 نوعا من الأدغال تعود إلى 73 عائلـة نباتيـة تنمو في حقول الرز، والتي تعد واحد من اهم المشاكل والتحديات التي تواجه زراعة وانتاج الرز في العراق لما تسببه من اضرار وخسائر اقتصادية كبيرة في الانتاج والنوعية. أشارت نتائج المسح الميداني لادغال الرز في العراق إلى وجود حوالي 22 نوعاً في المنطقة الوسطى و 18 نوعاً في المنطقة الجنوبية و 28 نوعاً في المنطقة الشمالية واهم هذه الادغال الدنان الذي يعد اكثرها خطورة من بين الادغال المنتشرة يليه الدهنان والسبط والسجل كما ان أدغال التخيته والسعد والسلهو والثيل ذات مخاطر كبيرة كونها تثبط نمو نباتات الرز خصوصاً في مراحل النمو الاولى. وان هذه الأدغال تسبب خسارة في نوعية وكمية الحاصل تقدر بـ 39- 80 % او اكثر حسب كثافة ونوعية الادغال السائدة.
يعدالشوفان من محاصيل الحبوب النجيلية الشتوية والذي يمتاز بكثافة نموه الخضري وكثرة اوراقه مما يكسب... more يعدالشوفان من محاصيل الحبوب النجيلية الشتوية والذي يمتاز بكثافة نموه الخضري وكثرة اوراقه مما يكسبه قيمة غذائية عالية بالاضافة الى طول موسم نموه مما يجعله يعطي حشات كثيرة وأنتاجية عالية.
أطلق الرومان على الشوفان تسمية Avena والتي تعني باللغة اللاتينيةعشب الغنم .في حين أن كلمة شوفان هي جديدة أطلقت عليه في القرن الماضي حيث كان يعرف سابقاً بأسم الزوان أو الزيوان وخرطان وخافور وكذلك قرطمان ولم يرد أسم شوفان في المعاجم العربية القديمة.
يلائم الشوفان الاعتيادي المناخ البارد في بعض مناطق العالم مثل شمال اوربا والولايات المتحدة الامريكية وجنوب كندا في حين تنجح زراعة الشوفان الاحمر Red oat في المناطق المعتدلة التي لاتنجح فيها زراعة الشوفان العادي مثل منطقة البحر المتوسط وأستراليا وأفريقيا وغيرها .
Thesis by Ammar J . Al-khaz'ali
A field trial was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station of the office of Agricultural Research... more A field trial was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station of the office of Agricultural Research (33°19ʹ27ʺ.1 North, 44°14ʹ13ʺ.1 East) during the spring & fall seasons of 2014, to study the Effect of New Herbicides on The Competition Ability , Growth and Grain Yield of Seven Maize Cultivars.
The experiment was accomplished by using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement with three replicates. The study involved six different weed treatments (Weedy, Weed Free, 2000 cm3.h-1 Guradian ,60gm.h-1 Arrow, 2000 cm3.h-1 Proponit and 600 cm3.h-1 Crew) as main treatments, whereas, sub plots comprised of seven maize cultivars (Al-Maha, Baghdad 3, Buhuth 106, Fajer 1, Talar, Sara and 5018).
The results revealed a significant effect of different weeds control treatments on most the studied traits.
The treatment (2000 cm3.h-1 Guradian) gave less mean of weed density reached 9.19 & 14.05 plant.m² At harvest during both seasons in comparison with weedy treatment gave the highest mean of weed density reached 20.81 & 28.81 plant.m² for both seasons respectively. So, the Guradian treatment achieved the highest percentage of weed control which were 55.70% & 50.72 % for both seasons respectively in comparison with weedy treatment. And therefore decreased weed dry matter weight where the Guradian treatment gave lowest weed dry matter weight 116.37 & 153.35 gm.m-2 for both seasons respectively. Whereas, the highest weed dry matter weight was in weedy treatment 391.56 & 858.59 gm.m-2 during the both seasons, and then elevating inhibition percentage 70.35 % & 81.34% for both seasons respectively as compared with weedy treatment. The herbicides treatments show significantly increased for plant high, leaf area, number of ear per plant, number of row per ear, number of grains per row, number of grains per ear, weight of 500grains, and yield. Where, the Guradian treatment gave the mean of grains yield 3.666 & 4.546 tn.ha-1 for both seasons respectively in comparison with weedy treatment that gave lowest mean of grains yield 1.769 & 2.384 tn.ha-1. While, the weed free treatment recorded highest mean of grain yield 3.840 & 4.866 tn.ha-1 for both seasons respectively.
For maize Cultivar, Fajer 1 gave lowest mean of density of weeds 8.94 in the spring season, While Buhuth 106 record the lowest average reached 13.72 plant.m² for fall season . Cultivars differed in their yield components of yield, where, Buhuth 106 gave 17.48 & 17.33 row.ear-1, 36.56 & 37.50 grains.row-1 , 127.07 & 135.67 gm.500grain-1 , and grain yield 3.595 & 4.607 tn.ha¹ for both seasons respectively. While, Talar in the spring season and Al –Maha in the fall season gave the lowest weight of 500 grains 111.85 & 120.30 gm , and The lowest grain yield 2.951 & 3.324 tn.ha-1 respectively.
Most of maize cultivars showed a response to the different treatments of weed control. Where, The Guradian treatment with Buhuth 106 gave mean of grains yield reached 4.048 & 5.217 for both seasons respectively. While, the weed free treatment with Buhuth 106 recorded highest mean of grain yield 4.179 & 5.817 tn.ha-1 for both seasons respectively. for weedy treatment , Buhuth 106 that gave highest mean of grains yield 2.115 & 2.696 tn.ha-1. While ,Talar in the spring and Al-Maha in the fall gave the lowest mean of grains yield reached 1.449 & 1.921 tn.ha-1 respectively.
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research by Ammar J . Al-khaz'ali
The results showed that the weed free gave the highest values of CGR reached 2.827, 23.98, 17.98 and 7.37, 21.51, 16.81 gm. m-2. Day-1 respectively in all period's growth for both seasons. As well, the Guardian treatment have a significant superiority where gave the highest CGR for all periods, reached 2.785, 22.95 and 17.44 gm.m-2.day-1 in the spring season consecutively, As well as for the fall season, where reached 6.85, 21.21 and 16.79 gm. m-2. Day-1 consecutively, superior on other treatments. While weedy treatment gave the lowest CGR where reached 1.748 , 13.71 , 8.34 and 3.87 , 15.74 , 6.96 gm.m-2.day-1 for both seasons and all growth durations consecutively. Buhuth 106 gave the highest CGR for both seasons, while reached 2.929 and 23.23 gm. m-2.Day-1 for the first and second period in the spring season, and it was not significant for the third period, And achieved in the Fall season, reach 7.05 , 21.97 and 16.29 gm.m-2. Day-1 for all periods respectively. The control treatments are differed significantly in the Relative Growth Rate (RGR). In the spring season, weed free gave the highest values of RGR reached 0.0883, 0.0778, and 0.0160 gm.gm-1.Day 1 followed by Guradian by giving 0.0879, 0.0750 and 0.0156 gm.gm-1.Day-1 consecutively. Weedy gave lowest rate reached 0.0734, 0.0684 and 0.0114 gm.gm-1.day-1 for all periods consecutively, and the same thing for the fall season. Buhuth 106 gave the highest RGR reached 0.0893, 0.0754 for the first and second period in the spring season, and it was not significant for the third period, And achieved 0.1286, 0.0669 and 0.0153 gm.gm-1.Day-1 in the Fall season consecutively.
Books by Ammar J . Al-khaz'ali
اما بالنسبة لمحصول الرز فقد سجل حوالي 400 نوعا من الأدغال تعود إلى 73 عائلـة نباتيـة تنمو في حقول الرز، والتي تعد واحد من اهم المشاكل والتحديات التي تواجه زراعة وانتاج الرز في العراق لما تسببه من اضرار وخسائر اقتصادية كبيرة في الانتاج والنوعية. أشارت نتائج المسح الميداني لادغال الرز في العراق إلى وجود حوالي 22 نوعاً في المنطقة الوسطى و 18 نوعاً في المنطقة الجنوبية و 28 نوعاً في المنطقة الشمالية واهم هذه الادغال الدنان الذي يعد اكثرها خطورة من بين الادغال المنتشرة يليه الدهنان والسبط والسجل كما ان أدغال التخيته والسعد والسلهو والثيل ذات مخاطر كبيرة كونها تثبط نمو نباتات الرز خصوصاً في مراحل النمو الاولى. وان هذه الأدغال تسبب خسارة في نوعية وكمية الحاصل تقدر بـ 39- 80 % او اكثر حسب كثافة ونوعية الادغال السائدة.
أطلق الرومان على الشوفان تسمية Avena والتي تعني باللغة اللاتينيةعشب الغنم .في حين أن كلمة شوفان هي جديدة أطلقت عليه في القرن الماضي حيث كان يعرف سابقاً بأسم الزوان أو الزيوان وخرطان وخافور وكذلك قرطمان ولم يرد أسم شوفان في المعاجم العربية القديمة.
يلائم الشوفان الاعتيادي المناخ البارد في بعض مناطق العالم مثل شمال اوربا والولايات المتحدة الامريكية وجنوب كندا في حين تنجح زراعة الشوفان الاحمر Red oat في المناطق المعتدلة التي لاتنجح فيها زراعة الشوفان العادي مثل منطقة البحر المتوسط وأستراليا وأفريقيا وغيرها .
Thesis by Ammar J . Al-khaz'ali
The experiment was accomplished by using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement with three replicates. The study involved six different weed treatments (Weedy, Weed Free, 2000 cm3.h-1 Guradian ,60gm.h-1 Arrow, 2000 cm3.h-1 Proponit and 600 cm3.h-1 Crew) as main treatments, whereas, sub plots comprised of seven maize cultivars (Al-Maha, Baghdad 3, Buhuth 106, Fajer 1, Talar, Sara and 5018).
The results revealed a significant effect of different weeds control treatments on most the studied traits.
The treatment (2000 cm3.h-1 Guradian) gave less mean of weed density reached 9.19 & 14.05 plant.m² At harvest during both seasons in comparison with weedy treatment gave the highest mean of weed density reached 20.81 & 28.81 plant.m² for both seasons respectively. So, the Guradian treatment achieved the highest percentage of weed control which were 55.70% & 50.72 % for both seasons respectively in comparison with weedy treatment. And therefore decreased weed dry matter weight where the Guradian treatment gave lowest weed dry matter weight 116.37 & 153.35 gm.m-2 for both seasons respectively. Whereas, the highest weed dry matter weight was in weedy treatment 391.56 & 858.59 gm.m-2 during the both seasons, and then elevating inhibition percentage 70.35 % & 81.34% for both seasons respectively as compared with weedy treatment. The herbicides treatments show significantly increased for plant high, leaf area, number of ear per plant, number of row per ear, number of grains per row, number of grains per ear, weight of 500grains, and yield. Where, the Guradian treatment gave the mean of grains yield 3.666 & 4.546 tn.ha-1 for both seasons respectively in comparison with weedy treatment that gave lowest mean of grains yield 1.769 & 2.384 tn.ha-1. While, the weed free treatment recorded highest mean of grain yield 3.840 & 4.866 tn.ha-1 for both seasons respectively.
For maize Cultivar, Fajer 1 gave lowest mean of density of weeds 8.94 in the spring season, While Buhuth 106 record the lowest average reached 13.72 plant.m² for fall season . Cultivars differed in their yield components of yield, where, Buhuth 106 gave 17.48 & 17.33 row.ear-1, 36.56 & 37.50 grains.row-1 , 127.07 & 135.67 gm.500grain-1 , and grain yield 3.595 & 4.607 tn.ha¹ for both seasons respectively. While, Talar in the spring season and Al –Maha in the fall season gave the lowest weight of 500 grains 111.85 & 120.30 gm , and The lowest grain yield 2.951 & 3.324 tn.ha-1 respectively.
Most of maize cultivars showed a response to the different treatments of weed control. Where, The Guradian treatment with Buhuth 106 gave mean of grains yield reached 4.048 & 5.217 for both seasons respectively. While, the weed free treatment with Buhuth 106 recorded highest mean of grain yield 4.179 & 5.817 tn.ha-1 for both seasons respectively. for weedy treatment , Buhuth 106 that gave highest mean of grains yield 2.115 & 2.696 tn.ha-1. While ,Talar in the spring and Al-Maha in the fall gave the lowest mean of grains yield reached 1.449 & 1.921 tn.ha-1 respectively.
The results showed that the weed free gave the highest values of CGR reached 2.827, 23.98, 17.98 and 7.37, 21.51, 16.81 gm. m-2. Day-1 respectively in all period's growth for both seasons. As well, the Guardian treatment have a significant superiority where gave the highest CGR for all periods, reached 2.785, 22.95 and 17.44 gm.m-2.day-1 in the spring season consecutively, As well as for the fall season, where reached 6.85, 21.21 and 16.79 gm. m-2. Day-1 consecutively, superior on other treatments. While weedy treatment gave the lowest CGR where reached 1.748 , 13.71 , 8.34 and 3.87 , 15.74 , 6.96 gm.m-2.day-1 for both seasons and all growth durations consecutively. Buhuth 106 gave the highest CGR for both seasons, while reached 2.929 and 23.23 gm. m-2.Day-1 for the first and second period in the spring season, and it was not significant for the third period, And achieved in the Fall season, reach 7.05 , 21.97 and 16.29 gm.m-2. Day-1 for all periods respectively. The control treatments are differed significantly in the Relative Growth Rate (RGR). In the spring season, weed free gave the highest values of RGR reached 0.0883, 0.0778, and 0.0160 gm.gm-1.Day 1 followed by Guradian by giving 0.0879, 0.0750 and 0.0156 gm.gm-1.Day-1 consecutively. Weedy gave lowest rate reached 0.0734, 0.0684 and 0.0114 gm.gm-1.day-1 for all periods consecutively, and the same thing for the fall season. Buhuth 106 gave the highest RGR reached 0.0893, 0.0754 for the first and second period in the spring season, and it was not significant for the third period, And achieved 0.1286, 0.0669 and 0.0153 gm.gm-1.Day-1 in the Fall season consecutively.
اما بالنسبة لمحصول الرز فقد سجل حوالي 400 نوعا من الأدغال تعود إلى 73 عائلـة نباتيـة تنمو في حقول الرز، والتي تعد واحد من اهم المشاكل والتحديات التي تواجه زراعة وانتاج الرز في العراق لما تسببه من اضرار وخسائر اقتصادية كبيرة في الانتاج والنوعية. أشارت نتائج المسح الميداني لادغال الرز في العراق إلى وجود حوالي 22 نوعاً في المنطقة الوسطى و 18 نوعاً في المنطقة الجنوبية و 28 نوعاً في المنطقة الشمالية واهم هذه الادغال الدنان الذي يعد اكثرها خطورة من بين الادغال المنتشرة يليه الدهنان والسبط والسجل كما ان أدغال التخيته والسعد والسلهو والثيل ذات مخاطر كبيرة كونها تثبط نمو نباتات الرز خصوصاً في مراحل النمو الاولى. وان هذه الأدغال تسبب خسارة في نوعية وكمية الحاصل تقدر بـ 39- 80 % او اكثر حسب كثافة ونوعية الادغال السائدة.
أطلق الرومان على الشوفان تسمية Avena والتي تعني باللغة اللاتينيةعشب الغنم .في حين أن كلمة شوفان هي جديدة أطلقت عليه في القرن الماضي حيث كان يعرف سابقاً بأسم الزوان أو الزيوان وخرطان وخافور وكذلك قرطمان ولم يرد أسم شوفان في المعاجم العربية القديمة.
يلائم الشوفان الاعتيادي المناخ البارد في بعض مناطق العالم مثل شمال اوربا والولايات المتحدة الامريكية وجنوب كندا في حين تنجح زراعة الشوفان الاحمر Red oat في المناطق المعتدلة التي لاتنجح فيها زراعة الشوفان العادي مثل منطقة البحر المتوسط وأستراليا وأفريقيا وغيرها .
The experiment was accomplished by using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement with three replicates. The study involved six different weed treatments (Weedy, Weed Free, 2000 cm3.h-1 Guradian ,60gm.h-1 Arrow, 2000 cm3.h-1 Proponit and 600 cm3.h-1 Crew) as main treatments, whereas, sub plots comprised of seven maize cultivars (Al-Maha, Baghdad 3, Buhuth 106, Fajer 1, Talar, Sara and 5018).
The results revealed a significant effect of different weeds control treatments on most the studied traits.
The treatment (2000 cm3.h-1 Guradian) gave less mean of weed density reached 9.19 & 14.05 plant.m² At harvest during both seasons in comparison with weedy treatment gave the highest mean of weed density reached 20.81 & 28.81 plant.m² for both seasons respectively. So, the Guradian treatment achieved the highest percentage of weed control which were 55.70% & 50.72 % for both seasons respectively in comparison with weedy treatment. And therefore decreased weed dry matter weight where the Guradian treatment gave lowest weed dry matter weight 116.37 & 153.35 gm.m-2 for both seasons respectively. Whereas, the highest weed dry matter weight was in weedy treatment 391.56 & 858.59 gm.m-2 during the both seasons, and then elevating inhibition percentage 70.35 % & 81.34% for both seasons respectively as compared with weedy treatment. The herbicides treatments show significantly increased for plant high, leaf area, number of ear per plant, number of row per ear, number of grains per row, number of grains per ear, weight of 500grains, and yield. Where, the Guradian treatment gave the mean of grains yield 3.666 & 4.546 tn.ha-1 for both seasons respectively in comparison with weedy treatment that gave lowest mean of grains yield 1.769 & 2.384 tn.ha-1. While, the weed free treatment recorded highest mean of grain yield 3.840 & 4.866 tn.ha-1 for both seasons respectively.
For maize Cultivar, Fajer 1 gave lowest mean of density of weeds 8.94 in the spring season, While Buhuth 106 record the lowest average reached 13.72 plant.m² for fall season . Cultivars differed in their yield components of yield, where, Buhuth 106 gave 17.48 & 17.33 row.ear-1, 36.56 & 37.50 grains.row-1 , 127.07 & 135.67 gm.500grain-1 , and grain yield 3.595 & 4.607 tn.ha¹ for both seasons respectively. While, Talar in the spring season and Al –Maha in the fall season gave the lowest weight of 500 grains 111.85 & 120.30 gm , and The lowest grain yield 2.951 & 3.324 tn.ha-1 respectively.
Most of maize cultivars showed a response to the different treatments of weed control. Where, The Guradian treatment with Buhuth 106 gave mean of grains yield reached 4.048 & 5.217 for both seasons respectively. While, the weed free treatment with Buhuth 106 recorded highest mean of grain yield 4.179 & 5.817 tn.ha-1 for both seasons respectively. for weedy treatment , Buhuth 106 that gave highest mean of grains yield 2.115 & 2.696 tn.ha-1. While ,Talar in the spring and Al-Maha in the fall gave the lowest mean of grains yield reached 1.449 & 1.921 tn.ha-1 respectively.