THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA AND THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY PROCEEDINGS SECOND ZAMBIA NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOLOGY, MINING, METALLURGY, GROUNDWATER RESOURCES AND EMERGING ISSUES Page i of 376 held at Garden Court Hotel Kitwe, Zambia 21st – 22nd November 2019, Nov 19, 2019
Zambia is sitting on one of the world’s greatest copper metallogenic provinces, shared with DRC a... more Zambia is sitting on one of the world’s greatest copper metallogenic provinces, shared with DRC and Angola, along the Lufilian orogeny. The main focus of investment in Zambia has been copper, attracting over 80 percent of FDI, and producing over 70 percent national forex earnings. As such, national economic performance has been tied with the volatile copper global markets. This has generated the concept of national economic diversification from before independence up to the present. Thus, the conference theme, "Diversification and Value Addition in the 21st Century" has
been carefully chosen to mark such a milestone of sustainable mining in our society.
KEYNOTE SPEECH WAS BY THE VICE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA, HER HONOUR MADAM, INONGE MUTUKWA WINA
To this effect, the Copperbelt University (CBU), School of Mines and Mineral Sciences and the University of Zambia (UNZA), School of Mines have been privileged to co‐host this important conference which brought together local and international experts, academics and researchers, industry and society, and key policy makers within the framework of the theme espousing the foregoing by offering a broad range of topics for discussion, viz, geology, mining, metallurgy, groundwater resources, emerging issues, policy and value addition. The Second Zambia National Conference on Geology, Mining, Metallurgy and Groundwater Resources also provided an opportunity to recognise the achievements of some of the sons of the soil in our country for their great contribution to the mining industry.
This abstract/paper volume produced by the Conference Organising Committee is a contribution of the authors who are the corner stones of the conference. We would like to thank various teams for working hard to ensure abstracts were organised according to the conference themes. Mobilizing funding for the conference, proved to be very challenging by the Organising Committee. We would therefore, like to thank the following for supporting the conference: Education for Sustainable Development in Africa (ESDA), UNZA through the African Development Bank, Copperbelt University Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Mining (CBU-ACESM) through the World
Bank funding, the Copperbelt University, the University of Zambia, Mopani Copper Mines Plc, Centre for Trade Policy and Development (CTPD), Chibuluma Copper Mine, African Mining Consultants, Kitwe Chamber of Commerce, and NFCA.
On behalf of the Organising Committee we would like to thank all individuals who reviewed the abstracts and full articles and the editors who finally put together all abstracts and full papers for publication. This Conference attracted participants from within the country and foreign countries. This conference is an annual event and the next conference is planned for 2020 and will be held in Lusaka, Zambia.
Finally, we would like to thank keynote speakers for accepting our invitation and for committing time to speak at the conference thereby helping us frame the various sessions of the conference. Without the participants, who have come from near and afar, this conference would not have taken off.
Abstracts and or Full Papers Edited and or Reviewed by:
Prof. John Siame, Dr. Kawunga Nyirenda, Prof. Peter R.K. Chileshe, Dr. Yotamu Hara, Dr. Fredrick Chileshe, Mrs. Tinah P. Chanda, Dr. Julius Banda, Dr. Phenny Mwaanga, Dr. Jhonnah Mundike, Dr. Sydney Chinyanta, Dr. Aagabu Shane, Dr. Alick Nguvulu, Mr. Boyd S. Phiri, Dr. Musango Lungu, Dr. Edward Chisakulo, Mr. Mwema Wanjiya, Mr. Mwiya Songolo, Mr. Wilfred Mwenya, Mr. Cornwell Tepa, Mr. Sydney Sichilima, Leonard Kabondo, Mr. Wallace Samiselo, Dr. Brian Chirambo, Mr. Prospery Simpemba, Mr. Vincent Kawamya, Mr. Pumulo Mukube, Dr. Cuthbert Makondo, Ms. Pilula Mpala, Mr. Nathan Mbandama, Dr. Bunda Besa, Dr. Jewette H. Masinja, Dr. Osbert Sikazwe, Prof. Dr. Mususu K.M. Kaonda, Dr. Kawawa Banda, Dr. Stephen Kambani, Mr. Sam Kangwa, Dr. Victor Mutambo, Dr. James Manchisi, Mr. Chozi V. Lungu, Dr. Edward Siame, Prof. Mutale Chanda, Dr. William Sitembo, Mr. Isaac Mwaipopo, Mr. Barry Kalumba, Mr. Alex Mpishi, Prof. K. Gardner, Prof. Francis Tembo.
Disclaimer
All published papers are refereed, having undergone a double-blind peer-review process. Any citation of work is agreed upon by the author(s) as long as credit is given to the author(s) for the original creation.
© School of Mines and Mineral Sciences, Copperbelt University
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been carefully chosen to mark such a milestone of sustainable mining in our society.
KEYNOTE SPEECH WAS BY THE VICE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA, HER HONOUR MADAM, INONGE MUTUKWA WINA
To this effect, the Copperbelt University (CBU), School of Mines and Mineral Sciences and the University of Zambia (UNZA), School of Mines have been privileged to co‐host this important conference which brought together local and international experts, academics and researchers, industry and society, and key policy makers within the framework of the theme espousing the foregoing by offering a broad range of topics for discussion, viz, geology, mining, metallurgy, groundwater resources, emerging issues, policy and value addition. The Second Zambia National Conference on Geology, Mining, Metallurgy and Groundwater Resources also provided an opportunity to recognise the achievements of some of the sons of the soil in our country for their great contribution to the mining industry.
This abstract/paper volume produced by the Conference Organising Committee is a contribution of the authors who are the corner stones of the conference. We would like to thank various teams for working hard to ensure abstracts were organised according to the conference themes. Mobilizing funding for the conference, proved to be very challenging by the Organising Committee. We would therefore, like to thank the following for supporting the conference: Education for Sustainable Development in Africa (ESDA), UNZA through the African Development Bank, Copperbelt University Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Mining (CBU-ACESM) through the World
Bank funding, the Copperbelt University, the University of Zambia, Mopani Copper Mines Plc, Centre for Trade Policy and Development (CTPD), Chibuluma Copper Mine, African Mining Consultants, Kitwe Chamber of Commerce, and NFCA.
On behalf of the Organising Committee we would like to thank all individuals who reviewed the abstracts and full articles and the editors who finally put together all abstracts and full papers for publication. This Conference attracted participants from within the country and foreign countries. This conference is an annual event and the next conference is planned for 2020 and will be held in Lusaka, Zambia.
Finally, we would like to thank keynote speakers for accepting our invitation and for committing time to speak at the conference thereby helping us frame the various sessions of the conference. Without the participants, who have come from near and afar, this conference would not have taken off.
Abstracts and or Full Papers Edited and or Reviewed by:
Prof. John Siame, Dr. Kawunga Nyirenda, Prof. Peter R.K. Chileshe, Dr. Yotamu Hara, Dr. Fredrick Chileshe, Mrs. Tinah P. Chanda, Dr. Julius Banda, Dr. Phenny Mwaanga, Dr. Jhonnah Mundike, Dr. Sydney Chinyanta, Dr. Aagabu Shane, Dr. Alick Nguvulu, Mr. Boyd S. Phiri, Dr. Musango Lungu, Dr. Edward Chisakulo, Mr. Mwema Wanjiya, Mr. Mwiya Songolo, Mr. Wilfred Mwenya, Mr. Cornwell Tepa, Mr. Sydney Sichilima, Leonard Kabondo, Mr. Wallace Samiselo, Dr. Brian Chirambo, Mr. Prospery Simpemba, Mr. Vincent Kawamya, Mr. Pumulo Mukube, Dr. Cuthbert Makondo, Ms. Pilula Mpala, Mr. Nathan Mbandama, Dr. Bunda Besa, Dr. Jewette H. Masinja, Dr. Osbert Sikazwe, Prof. Dr. Mususu K.M. Kaonda, Dr. Kawawa Banda, Dr. Stephen Kambani, Mr. Sam Kangwa, Dr. Victor Mutambo, Dr. James Manchisi, Mr. Chozi V. Lungu, Dr. Edward Siame, Prof. Mutale Chanda, Dr. William Sitembo, Mr. Isaac Mwaipopo, Mr. Barry Kalumba, Mr. Alex Mpishi, Prof. K. Gardner, Prof. Francis Tembo.
Disclaimer
All published papers are refereed, having undergone a double-blind peer-review process. Any citation of work is agreed upon by the author(s) as long as credit is given to the author(s) for the original creation.
© School of Mines and Mineral Sciences, Copperbelt University
been carefully chosen to mark such a milestone of sustainable mining in our society.
KEYNOTE SPEECH WAS BY THE VICE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA, HER HONOUR MADAM, INONGE MUTUKWA WINA
To this effect, the Copperbelt University (CBU), School of Mines and Mineral Sciences and the University of Zambia (UNZA), School of Mines have been privileged to co‐host this important conference which brought together local and international experts, academics and researchers, industry and society, and key policy makers within the framework of the theme espousing the foregoing by offering a broad range of topics for discussion, viz, geology, mining, metallurgy, groundwater resources, emerging issues, policy and value addition. The Second Zambia National Conference on Geology, Mining, Metallurgy and Groundwater Resources also provided an opportunity to recognise the achievements of some of the sons of the soil in our country for their great contribution to the mining industry.
This abstract/paper volume produced by the Conference Organising Committee is a contribution of the authors who are the corner stones of the conference. We would like to thank various teams for working hard to ensure abstracts were organised according to the conference themes. Mobilizing funding for the conference, proved to be very challenging by the Organising Committee. We would therefore, like to thank the following for supporting the conference: Education for Sustainable Development in Africa (ESDA), UNZA through the African Development Bank, Copperbelt University Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Mining (CBU-ACESM) through the World
Bank funding, the Copperbelt University, the University of Zambia, Mopani Copper Mines Plc, Centre for Trade Policy and Development (CTPD), Chibuluma Copper Mine, African Mining Consultants, Kitwe Chamber of Commerce, and NFCA.
On behalf of the Organising Committee we would like to thank all individuals who reviewed the abstracts and full articles and the editors who finally put together all abstracts and full papers for publication. This Conference attracted participants from within the country and foreign countries. This conference is an annual event and the next conference is planned for 2020 and will be held in Lusaka, Zambia.
Finally, we would like to thank keynote speakers for accepting our invitation and for committing time to speak at the conference thereby helping us frame the various sessions of the conference. Without the participants, who have come from near and afar, this conference would not have taken off.
Abstracts and or Full Papers Edited and or Reviewed by:
Prof. John Siame, Dr. Kawunga Nyirenda, Prof. Peter R.K. Chileshe, Dr. Yotamu Hara, Dr. Fredrick Chileshe, Mrs. Tinah P. Chanda, Dr. Julius Banda, Dr. Phenny Mwaanga, Dr. Jhonnah Mundike, Dr. Sydney Chinyanta, Dr. Aagabu Shane, Dr. Alick Nguvulu, Mr. Boyd S. Phiri, Dr. Musango Lungu, Dr. Edward Chisakulo, Mr. Mwema Wanjiya, Mr. Mwiya Songolo, Mr. Wilfred Mwenya, Mr. Cornwell Tepa, Mr. Sydney Sichilima, Leonard Kabondo, Mr. Wallace Samiselo, Dr. Brian Chirambo, Mr. Prospery Simpemba, Mr. Vincent Kawamya, Mr. Pumulo Mukube, Dr. Cuthbert Makondo, Ms. Pilula Mpala, Mr. Nathan Mbandama, Dr. Bunda Besa, Dr. Jewette H. Masinja, Dr. Osbert Sikazwe, Prof. Dr. Mususu K.M. Kaonda, Dr. Kawawa Banda, Dr. Stephen Kambani, Mr. Sam Kangwa, Dr. Victor Mutambo, Dr. James Manchisi, Mr. Chozi V. Lungu, Dr. Edward Siame, Prof. Mutale Chanda, Dr. William Sitembo, Mr. Isaac Mwaipopo, Mr. Barry Kalumba, Mr. Alex Mpishi, Prof. K. Gardner, Prof. Francis Tembo.
Disclaimer
All published papers are refereed, having undergone a double-blind peer-review process. Any citation of work is agreed upon by the author(s) as long as credit is given to the author(s) for the original creation.
© School of Mines and Mineral Sciences, Copperbelt University