Papers by Chukwuedozie K Ajaero
Additional file 1. Updated Covid-19 cases, number of fatalities and Case fatality rates of 16 cou... more Additional file 1. Updated Covid-19 cases, number of fatalities and Case fatality rates of 16 countries in SSA.
International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2010
Dynamic interactions between and within the bio-geophysical and human environments lead to the pr... more Dynamic interactions between and within the bio-geophysical and human environments lead to the production, processing, distribution, preparation and consumption of food, resulting in food systems that underpin food security. Food systems encompass food availability, utilization and access, so that food security is diminished when food systems are stressed. Such stresses may be induced by a range of factors or drivers in addition to climate change and other environmental changes. Climate change may affect food security in several ways ranging from direct effects on crop production to changes in markets, food prices and supply. Because of the multiple socio-economic and biophysical factors affecting food systems and hence food security, the capacity to adapt food systems to reduce their vulnerability to climate change is not uniform. This paper focuses on three of these driving forces – climate change, animal disease and plant pests. We have concentrated on their implications for food security, but have also given concentrations to their impact on human health as this is another important factor determining human well being/poverty levels. Keywords: Climate change, food security, food systems, poverty reduction
PubMed, Apr 1, 2021
This study examined the influence of place of residence on sex preference as a predictor of marit... more This study examined the influence of place of residence on sex preference as a predictor of marital dissolution in Nigeria. It also appraised the mediation of socio-demographic factors on the relationship between sex preference and marital dissolution. Data were sourced from the 2018 demographic and health survey of Nigeria. Analyses involved the use of descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression models. Generally, marital dissolution significantly occurred more in rural than in urban areas. While more respondents had no child sex preference, preference for boys was significantly more among the urban women compared to the rural women. Irrespective of place of residence, sex preference was not a significant predictor of marital dissolution in Nigeria as the unadjusted models of marital dissolution and sex preference indicated that preference for more boys significantly decreased the odds of marital dissolution in the rural (OR=0.84; p=0.05), urban (OR=0.67; p=0.001), and total population (OR=0.77; p=0.001). In addition, preference for more girls significantly decreased the likelihood of marital dissolution in the rural (OR=0.82; p=0.002) and total populations (OR=0.84; p=0.05). Moreover, in the full adjusted model of the total population, preference for more males (OR=0.57; p=0.002) was also significantly associated with decreased odds of marital dissolution. Conversely, other factors that significantly increased the odds of marital dissolution included educational attainment, intimate partner violence, religion, being employed, polygamous unions, and region of residence. Women should achieve higher levels of education and be engaged in income earning occupations as mitigation measures against marital dissolution. Anti-dissolution campaigns should be initiated, especially in rural areas with high levels of intimate partner violence and in regions with relatively high incidences of marital dissolution/p-/p-1.
Local Environment, 2022
ABSTRACT Climate change has remained a major problem around which global development policies are... more ABSTRACT Climate change has remained a major problem around which global development policies are framed. The effects of climate change are rising tremendously and are more evident in Africa with low adaptive capacity to the impacts of climate change and where climate change has led to drought and desertification with consequences for safety and security in the region. Although the connection between climate change and conflicts is well studied, there is little research on the geopolitical contribution of climate change to conflicts. Using a dominant qualitative approach based on secondary data and eco-violence theory, this study examines how geopolitics affects climate change-induced conflicts and displacement in West Africa. Drawing largely from Nigeria and Mali, the study argues that, despite the destructive effects of anthropogenic activities created by insufficient competing areas for livelihood and subsistence resources, the implementation of climate resolution among countries and regions of the world has remained obscure. The repercussions of the geopolitics of climate change are the insurgencies and cattle herders’ unrest in Africa, especially the West African region.
International Journal for Equity in Health, 2021
Introduction Rapid urbanization increases competition for scarce urban resources and underlines t... more Introduction Rapid urbanization increases competition for scarce urban resources and underlines the need for policies that promote equitable access to resources. This study examined equity and social inclusion of urban development policies in Nigeria through the lenses of access to health and food/nutrition resources. Method Desk review of 22 policy documents, strategies, and plans within the ambit of urban development was done. Documents were sourced from organizational websites and offices. Data were extracted by six independent reviewers using a uniform template designed to capture considerations of access to healthcare and food/nutrition resources within urban development policies/plans/strategies in Nigeria. Emerging themes on equity and social inclusion in access to health and food/nutirition resources were identified and analysed. Results Access to health and food/nutrition resources were explicit in eight (8) and twelve (12) policies/plans, respectively. Themes that reflect ...
Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2020
The outbreak and spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is probably the most serious global cha... more The outbreak and spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is probably the most serious global challenge since World War II. While research has paid considerable attention to the technical, epidemiological and public health aspects of the pandemic in Africa, it neglects the social, economic and political dimensions. Relying on analysis of data on trends of COVID-19 infections from the World Health Organization and Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, and a rapid review of available international and national policy/programme documents on COVID-19 control responses in Africa, this study assessed the extant protocols and responses to COVID-19 in relation to urban governance principles. Utilizing the political economy framework, the social conditions of informal labour and business activities during the COVID-19 pandemic are explored with accession to social habitus of informality. The paper argues that in as much as the COVID-19 pandemic is a pervasive health problem it s...
Global Public Health, 2020
While studies have explored how health sector corruption, weak healthcare system, large-scale imm... more While studies have explored how health sector corruption, weak healthcare system, large-scale immune compromised population, misinformation and prevalence of highly congested slums contribute to the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria, they have glossed over the impact of political distrust on the spread of the virus. This study explores the impact of political distrust on the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. The study utilised qualitative dominant mixed methods approach comprising telephone interviews and a survey of 120 educated Nigerians purposively selected from four COVID-19 most affected states including Lagos, Oyo, Kano and Rivers as well as the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The study also relied on secondary data on the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria sourced from Nigeria Centre for Diseases Control from 27 February to 31st August 2020. The study found that political corruption motivates large-scale political distrust. This undermines public compliance to government protocols, limits the outcomes of government responses to COVID-19 and facilitates the spread of the virus in Nigeria. The paper concludes that improving government accountability in the public sector management is relevant for building public trust, promoting citizens' compliance to COVID-19 safety measure and mitigating the spread of the pandemic in Nigeria and beyond.
Background Private sectors play a significant role in health provision along with the public sect... more Background Private sectors play a significant role in health provision along with the public sector in both developed and developing countries. Given the limited resources of the public sector, public-private partnerships (PPPs) are considered a good solution to address our growing public health challenges. But inadequate assessment of various health-related PPPs have resulted in a failure to gather knowledge and evidence that would facilitate the establishment of effective partnerships, sustain and systematize them over time, as well as determine the role of PPPs in health system strengthening, particularly in terms of urban health provision. The objective of this research is to systematically review the effectiveness of PPPs on the utilization of urban health provision to achieve health outcomes in the urban contexts of least developed, low income, and lower-middle-income countries and territories. Methods This systematic review will follow PRISMA-P guidelines for reporting. Relev...
This paper examines the selectivity of migrants, and spatially quantifies the impacts of rural-ur... more This paper examines the selectivity of migrants, and spatially quantifies the impacts of rural-urban migration on socioeconomic development of rural communities of Southeastern Nigeria. Data for the study were generated using questionnaire and key informant interviews. Fifteen (15) local government areas (LGAs) were randomly selected for this study and each of the LGAs represents a geopolitical zone out of the three geopolitical zones in each state of Nigeria. From each of the LGAs, fifty (50) migrant-sending rural households were randomly selected and used for the study totalling seven hundred and fifty (750) households. Descriptive statistics were used to highlight the pattern of rural-urban migration, and multiple regression analysis used to estimate the impacts of migration on socioeconomic development in the study area. In addition, Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to examine the relationships between the impacts of the migration and various locations in the study ...
International Journal of Sustainable Development, 2018
This study examined the impact of the 2012 flood disasters on the livelihoods of migrant male-hea... more This study examined the impact of the 2012 flood disasters on the livelihoods of migrant male-headed households (MHH) and female-headed households (FHH) in five rural local government areas (LGAs) of South Eastern Nigeria. These LGAs were selected because they are situated on the bank of rivers, are vulnerable to floods, and are among the most badly devastated areas during the 2012 floods. Data were obtained using mixed methods comprising questionnaire surveys and key informant interviews. From each LGA, 60 households totalling 300 households were sampled. Descriptive statistics, asset index technique, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. The aggregate index for the MHHs decreased from 0.4600 before, to 0.1000 after the floods, and from 0.5068 before, to 0.0108 after the floods for the FHHs. Age, occupation, income and education were the most significant predictors of livelihood security for the MHHs while income was the major predictor of livelihood security for the FHHs.
SAGE Open, 2015
This study examines the prevalence, and the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of under-f... more This study examines the prevalence, and the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of under-five mortality in Benue State, Nigeria. Using a purposive random sampling technique, a total of 1,500 questionnaires were administered to women aged 15 to 49 years and who have ever given birth in 30 communities from 10 sampled local government areas in the state. In addition, focus group discussions and key informant interviews formed sources of data for this research. The analysis of data was carried out using descriptive statistics, child survival analysis, and probit regression model. The pattern of the prevalence of infant and child mortality showed that there are three major child killers in the study area: malaria (38.2%), complications at birth (29.5%), and measles (16.9%). The survival probability results show that children born to parents living in an urban area have more chances (72.6%) of survival, as against 71.4% for children born to parents living in a rural area. The probi...
… Policies for Adaptation and Disaster Risk …, 2010
... Chukwuedozie Kelechukwu Ajaero and Arinze Tagbo Mozie Abstract The Agulu-Nanka area of Anambr... more ... Chukwuedozie Kelechukwu Ajaero and Arinze Tagbo Mozie Abstract The Agulu-Nanka area of Anambra State has gained national recognition as an ecological ... of gullies as perceived by the inhabitants of the study area is shown in table 1. According to Chief Okoye (Mbuze 1 ...
BackgroundWhile researches have been done separately on ethnicity and level of education as facto... more BackgroundWhile researches have been done separately on ethnicity and level of education as factors of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice, there is dearth of studies on the peculiarities of EBF practice in the context place of residence as regards to the combined influence of ethnicity and level of education. To examine the association of ethnicity and level of education with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice in urban and rural areas of Nigeria.MethodsData was from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) of 2018. The sample comprised of 16,982 urban and 24,834 rural women aged 15-49 years in all the 36 States and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. The outcome variable was exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) practice while the major predictor variables were ethnicity and level of education. Analyses of data were by descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi square and binary logistic regression at 0.05 level of significance. ResultsHigher education levels were sign...
Urban Forum, 2021
Box 1 A. Accessibility 1. The policy document is accessible (hard copy and online) B. Policy Back... more Box 1 A. Accessibility 1. The policy document is accessible (hard copy and online) B. Policy Background (Source of Policy) 1. The scientific grounds of the policy are established 2. The goals are drawn from a conclusive review of literature 3. The source of the health policy is explicit i. Authority (one or more persons, books, scientific articles or sources of information) ii. Quantitative or qualitative analysis iii. Deduction (premises that have been established from authority, observation, intuition, or all three) 4. The policy encompasses some set of feasible alternatives C. Goals
Urban Research & Practice, 2021
Urban policies on health and nutrition in Nigeria are much in need. To underscore the reality of ... more Urban policies on health and nutrition in Nigeria are much in need. To underscore the reality of such need, we conducted a review of selected urban health and nutrition policies and strategies. We ...
Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 2021
Abstract Despite the increasing burden of depression problems in South Africa, there remains a de... more Abstract Despite the increasing burden of depression problems in South Africa, there remains a dearth of nationally representative rural-urban and spatial studies of the prevalence and factors of depression among the population. The study, therefore, examines the spatial and rural-urban prevalence and factors of depression status in South Africa. Data was from the 2017 National Income Dynamics (NIDS) survey, which was conducted in 9 provinces and 52 districts of South Africa. A composite index of depression status was generated from questions of how respondents felt in the week preceding the survey. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, hotspot analysis, spatial autocorrelation, geographically weighted regression, and binary logistic regression. The results showed 82.16% and 81.34% prevalence of low depression status in urban and rural areas respectively. In addition, there existed spatial variations in the prevalence of low depression status across the 9 provinces and 52 districts with regard to rural/urban place of residence. The factors which significantly increased the odds of low depression status in both rural and urban areas, were respondents with secondary and tertiary education, respondents with incomes of more than R10,000, and the non-Blacks. Conversely, being separated/widowed/divorced, and respondents aged 65+ years significantly decreased the odds of low depression status in both rural and urban areas. This study recommends more investments in education and creation of more and better employment opportunities in other to ensure increased prevalence of low depression status in the country.
Journal of Public Health, 2021
The spatially varying prevalence and determinants of depression in the urban population of South ... more The spatially varying prevalence and determinants of depression in the urban population of South Africa have remained unexplored. This study sets out to examine the spatial variations and determinants of depression status among the urban population of South Africa. Data were sourced from the Wave 5 of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) of 2017, which was a survey of households and individuals aged 15 years and above living in the nine provinces of South Africa. The outcome variable is depression status. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, mapping, and geographically weighted regression. Results showed variations in the prevalence of depression status across the nine provinces of South Africa. The prevalence of low depression status ranged from 77% in Eastern Cape Province to 88% in Western Cape Province. In addition, the results revealed spatial variations across the provinces on the influence of socio-economic factors on depression status of the urban population in South Africa. This study recommends the development and implementation of unique effective approaches for prevention, mitigation, and management of depression problems for each of the provinces.
Journal of Public Health in Africa
and availability of sanitation facilities, individual health beliefs and behaviour are critical i... more and availability of sanitation facilities, individual health beliefs and behaviour are critical in combating the sustained prevalence of Covid-19. Behaviour has, however, been shown to be consistent but could be context-dependent based on the individual’s beliefs. To investigate whether or not individuals’ protective behaviour against coronavirus is associated with their behaviour in a previous health context. Facemask usage and engagement in risky sexual behaviour (RSB) were employed as corollaries of Covid-19 protective behaviour and a previous health context respectively. Data on them and other sociodemographic correlates of health behaviour were collected on 522 Nigerians via a web-based survey. The data were analyzed using frequency, Chi Square and Binary Logistics Regression. About 31% of the population wore facemasks in public, 48.1% believed Covid existed and was severe, and 31.6% had engaged in RSB. Individuals who engaged in RSB had lower odds of wearing facemasks in publi...
The study examined the trends, determinants and health risks of adolescent fatherhood in countrie... more The study examined the trends, determinants and health risks of adolescent fatherhood in countries where adolescent-girl pregnancy/motherhood are decried but with permissive male sexual latitude. Male-recode datasets of Demographic Health Survey (2000-2014) for Nigeria, Ethiopia and Zambia were used. The surveys were grouped into 3-Waves: Wave 1 (2000 and 2004); Wave 2 (2005 to 2009) and waves 3 (2010 to 2014). Ethiopia data consisted of 2000, 2005 and 2011 datasets; Nigeria‘s datasets included 2003, 2008 and 2013 while Zambia set of data featured 2002, 2007 and 2014. Wave-1 consists of 2000, 2002 and 2003 datasets; Wave-2 has 2005, 2007 and 2008 datasets while 2011, 2013 and 2014 data were used for Wave- 3. These files in each wave were grouped together and then combined into a single file. All data were weighted to ensure representation and analyses were split by countries and by waves to show the trends across .the years and for different countries. The study employed univariate,...
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Papers by Chukwuedozie K Ajaero