Papers by Aleksandar R. Ivanovic
Arhiv za pravne i društvene nauke, 2021
Political populism and extremism pose a serious threat to the establishment of democracy, trust b... more Political populism and extremism pose a serious threat to the establishment of democracy, trust building and mutual respect between members of different ethnic and religious groups. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to point out the specifics of political populism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, pointing to the presence of extremism in the narratives of political leaders in this area and the impact of political populism and extremism on establishing democracy, trust and mutual respect between different ethnic and religious groups living in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In accordance with this goal, the author first points out the meaning of the terms populism and extremism, bringing these two terms together in terms of political discourses, that is narratives. After that, the author analyzes the populist narratives of the leaders of the leading political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, pointing out the common characteristics and segments of extremism that exist in these narratives. In the concluding part of the paper, the author presents his views on the issue of negative consequences that the existence of this type of political populism leaves on the Bosnian society in general.
Zbornik radova Govor mržnje, 2022
Sloboda govora, kao jedno od osnovnih ljudskih prava, u savremenom društvu predstavlja nesigurno ... more Sloboda govora, kao jedno od osnovnih ljudskih prava, u savremenom društvu predstavlja nesigurno tle podobno zloupotrebama. Jedna od zloupotreba slobode govora je govor mržnje. Savremeni vidovi komunikacije proširili su teren na kom je sve izraženiji govor mržnje. U radu su razmatarni stavovi mladih u Srbiji u pogledu slobode govora i govora mržnje. Kao pripadnici mlađe populacije oni su okrenuti savremenim vidovima komunikacije te su izloženiji riziku da postanu žrtve govora mržnje, ali i da budu učinioci dela koja predstavljaju govor mržnje. U prvom delu rada predstavljen je međunarodni normativni okvir vezan za slobodu govora i govor mržnje. Zatim su predstavljena pravna rešenja u pravnom poretku Republike Srbije – ustav i relevantni zakoni iz ove oblasti. U drugom delu rada predstavljeni su i analizirani stavovi mladih iz tri regiona u Republici Srbiji – severna Srbija, jugozapadna Srbija i južna/jugoistočna Srbija. Predmet analize u radu je i potencijalni uticaj pandemije virusa korona na širenje govora mržnje među mladima, sa posebnim osvrtom na govor mržnje u elektronskim medijima i na internetu, posebno na društvenim mrežama.
No.: ISBN 978-961-6821-10-0, 2011
Abstract: The primary aim of the conference was to engage in an exchange of views, concepts, and ... more Abstract: The primary aim of the conference was to engage in an exchange of views, concepts, and research findings among scientists, researchers, and practitioners from across a broad range of criminal justice and security studies, topics, and themes. The conference papers cover a variety of topics spanning all elements of the criminal justice system, as well as other forms of formal, and informal, social control. The diverse coverage of the many topics and themes by criminal justice and related scholars from around the ...
Zbornik radova jedanaesta međunarodna naučnostručna konferencija KRIVIČNO ZAKONODAVSTVO I PREVENCIJA KRIMINALITETA (NORMA I PRAKSA), Trebinje, 2020
Autor se u radu bavi pitanjem preventivnih efekata člana 54a Krivičnog zakonika Republike Srbije,... more Autor se u radu bavi pitanjem preventivnih efekata člana 54a Krivičnog zakonika Republike Srbije, kojim je propisana obaveza uzimanja kao otežavajuće okolnosti prilikom odmeravanja kazne kada je krivično delo učinjeno iz mržnje zbog stvarne ili pretpostavljene pripadnosti žrtve grupi koju odlikuje neko od zajedničkih ličnih svojstava propisanih u ovom članu. U teoriji, praksi, pa i široj javnosti, ovaj institut se kolokvijalno naziva zločinom iz mržnje i u krivično zakonodavstvo Republike Srbije uveden je 2012. godine kroz pomenuti član. Uzevši u oblik specifičnosti cilja krivičnopravnog instituta zločina iz mržnje, a koje se pre svega ogledaju u prevenciji takvih zločina, autor u radu analizira preventivne aspekte modela tzv. zločina iz mržnje koje je Republika Srbija implementirala u svoje krivično zakonodavstvo, iznoseći svoje konstatacije o ovom pitanju.
Ključne reči: zločin iz mržnje, prevencija, krivično pravo, sankcije.
Zbornik Instituta za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja, 2019
The authors deal with the issue of the right of refugees to obtain nationality in the
receiving s... more The authors deal with the issue of the right of refugees to obtain nationality in the
receiving state, with a special focus on the legislation of the Republic of Serbia. In
this regard, the authors first start from the right to nationality, pointing out the
most important international legal documents that prescribe this human right, as
well as international conventions that regulate the issue of the status of stateless
persons and the resolution of the phenomenon of statelessness. In the central part
of the paper, the authors address the issue of the rights of refugees to nationality
through an analysis of the basic international documents that regulate this issue
and parallel illustrate the solutions to this issue in the national legislation of the
states in the environment. In the final part of the paper, the authors analyse the
current legislation of the Republic of Serbia, which regulates the situation of
refugees, as well as the issue of acquiring nationality, noting that the existing legal
framework of the Republic of Serbia regarding nationality is not in accordance
with international treaties when it comes to the refugee's ability to obtain
nationality of the Republic Serbia. By the end of the work, the authors offer a
proposal for changes to the domestic legislation in order to give the refugees the
possibility of acquiring the nationality of the Republic of Serbia, that is, enable the
exercise of the right to nationality as the highest degree of integration in Serbian
society.
Nauka i društvo, 2018
The authors deal with the issue of hate crimes on the basis of sexual orientation in connection w... more The authors deal with the issue of hate crimes on the basis of sexual orientation in connection with the issue of domestic violence. Namely, Article 54a of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Sribja stipulates that if a criminal offense is committed out of hatred, because, inter alia, of sexual orientation, this circumstance is judged by the court as aggravating circumstance when imposing a sentence, unless it is prescribed as a criminal offense. This provision was introduced into the criminal legislation of the Republic of Serbia in 2012, and until today there was not a single judgment in which this article was applied. As one of the most endangered groups in the area of hate crimes in the Republic of Serbia, besides the Roma population, members of the LGBT population appear. The authors point out the fact that members of the LGBT population in the Republic of Serbia in most cases suffer various types of violence from their family members. Although there is a huge dark figure, a certain number of these cases been reported. However, and that's when the problem arises, which is reflected that such cases criminal justice authorities in the Republic of Serbia generally treat only as domestic violence from article 194 of Criminal code, by failing to apply Article 54a, although it is a criminal act of hatred in which the victim is attacked because of his or her sexual orientation. In this regard, the authors adressing this problem, first Dragana Ranđelović, Aleksandar R. Ivanović (2018) Relationship between the hate crimes on the basis of sexual orientation and domestic violence-analysis of the situation in the Republic of Serbia, Nauka i društvo no. 9, vol. 9, Udruženje "Nauka i društvo Srbije", Beograd, pp. 5-24. defining the hate crime in accordance with the current legal regulation of the Republic of Serbia, pointing at the meaning of the term sexual orientation. After that, the authors of the paper point to criminal legal provisions concerning domestic violence, indicating also the types and types of violence that occur in practice. In the second part of the paper, the authors point to the problem of non-application of Article 54a, and not only the non-application by a member of the court, but also the failure to recognize such cases as so call hate crimes by the police and the prosecutor's office. At the end of the work authors offering certain recommendations and guidelines in order to change this situation in practice in the future.
6. Međunarodni naučni skup: Nauka i praksa poslovnih studija, 2018
In accordance with the contemporary understanding of the concept of national security, the author... more In accordance with the contemporary understanding of the concept of national security, the author deals with the question of external entities of threat to it. The aim of the paper is to show in one place all possible threats to the national security of a country which comes beyond its
borders. Next, the paper aims to point out the nature of these subjects, as well as the basic methods of their action. In this regard, the author uses the method of analysis and synthesis, as well as a descriptive method, in order to present in a more comprehensive and in a more detailed way certain risks and threats to national security. At the end of the paper, the author points out the necessity of increasing the use of criminalistics measures in the protection of national security from external threats.
Key words: national security, threats, aggression, international terrorist groups, transnational organized criminal groups, criminalistics.
Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Społecznej (Studies on Labour Law and Social Policy), 2019
The author deals with the issue of constitutional protection of the right to social scurity in th... more The author deals with the issue of constitutional protection of the right to social scurity in the Republic of Serbia. In this connection, the author first analyzes the provisions of the current Constitution of the Republic of Serbia which prescribing the right to social security. Subsequently, the scope of the material and personal rights of social security, which are guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, are presented in the paper. Through analysis of two decisions of the Constitutional Court regarding the constitutionality of the provisions of individual laws pertaining to the exercise of these rights is presented impact of the constitutional regulations on the content of the social security rights in the legal system of the Republic of Serbia. In the second part of the paper author points on threats to social security rights in times of economic crisis according to actual state in Republic of Serbia. At the very end of the work, instead of the conclusion, the author deals with assessment of the future of social security rights in lights of the Serbian Constitution. Within that, author offers proposal of amendments to the Constitution of Serbia with the aim of improving the protection of social security rights through adequate prescribing of the right to social protection, as well as prescribing the right to housing. Słowa kluczowe: prawo do zabezpieczenia społecznego, Konstytucja Republiki Serbii, ochrona, zagrożenia, wyzwania
Arhiv za pravne i društvene nauke, 2019
Apstrakt: Govor mržnje kao usmeni ili pisani govor koji se svodi na javno izazivanje mržnje prema... more Apstrakt: Govor mržnje kao usmeni ili pisani govor koji se svodi na javno izazivanje mržnje prema određenoj grupi (ili pojedinoj osobi) zbog nekog njenog ličnog svojstva u svrhu stvaranja neprijateljstva, diskriminacije i nasilja pred-stavlja opasnost po društvo u cjelini. Govor mržnje se danas preselio na internet, koji omogućava stvaranje globalnog foruma za zagovaranje netolerancije i nejednakosti, jer je efekat takvog delovanja vidljiviji, a šanse za otkrivanje i kažnjavanje onih koji ga pokreću su manje. Nepoznavanje propisa, njihova neprimjena, nizak nivo medijske pismenosti i kulture, nepostojanje opštepri-hvaćene definicije govora mržnje, doprinijeli su da internet postane mjesto gdje svako može reći šta god želi, bez osjećaja lične odgovornosti. U ovom radu autori nastoje da na sveobuhvatan i koncizan način prikažu nacionalne propise koji sankcionišu govor mržnje na internetu. Iako ne postoji jedinstvena definicija govora mržnje, autori će da ukažu na njene suštinske ele-mente, manifestaciju, način ispoljavanja. Takođe, ukazaće na nužnost i načine prevencije, kao i mehanizme kojima se ostvaruje zaštita. Ključne riječi: govor mržnje, diskriminacija, govor mržnje na internetu, pre-vencija govora mržnje.
Abstract: In this paper, the authors try to present in a comprehensive and concise way national regulations that sanction hate speech on the Internet. Although there is no single definition of hate speech, the authors will point to its essential elements, manifestation, and way of expressing it. The legislative framework for the regulation of hate speech in electronic media can be divided into formal and informal. The formal framework is composed of international and national legislation, and informal is composed of self-regulation measures by journalists and media associations, as well as content distributors on the Internet. An analysis of national regulations has shown us that a good legal framework has been established. However, there are only few judgments, and above all a few lawsuits. The problem lies in the application of legal regulations by the competent authorities, but also the selection of a regular legal road for the protection of their rights by the citizens themselves. They rarely decide to file a lawsuit because of the ignorance of legal regulations but also a long and costly procedure. It is necessary to pass a law that will regulate hate speech in a comprehensive, concise manner, clearly define this term, predict the sanctions, simplify the procedure, clearly regulate the procedure for the realization of legal protection and the competent authorities. It is necessary a special education of employees in competent bodies who apply these norms in order to recognize hate speech. It is also necessary to constantly improve these norms in order to monitor the continuous development of digital technologies, above all self-regulatory norms. Key words: hate speech, discrimination, hate speech on the Internet, hate speech prevention.
Securitologia, Collegium Civitas, Warsaw, 2018
In this research authors investigate the issue of radicalism and violent extremism, initially exa... more In this research authors investigate the issue of radicalism and violent extremism, initially examining the meaning of the terms, as well as the essential characteristics of these phenomena. Afterwards, the authors analyse and investigate the emerging forms of radicalism and violent extremism that exist in the territory of the Western Balkans, and their impact on the state of security in the region. The authors continue
to study the aspect of the causes and conditions of the emergence of radicalism and violent extremism in this region while outlining the basic guidelines for the prevention of these phenomena at the end of the research. In this concern, the authors particularly emphasise the necessity of cooperation, coordination and strategic approach
among all parties of the region, for the prevention of radicalism and violent extremism in the Western Balkans.
Keywords: security, radicalism, violent extremism, prevention, Western Balkans
Yearbook: From unlawfulness to legality, Provincial Protector of Citizens - Ombudsman and Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, 2018
The author deals with the problem of combating hate speech on the Internet. In this regard, the a... more The author deals with the problem of combating hate speech on the Internet. In this regard, the author first starts from the problem of making hate speech on the Internet illegal and creating legal frameworks for punishing responsible persons for delivering content on the Internet that contain hate speech. A particular challenge in this business is the establishment of a balance between freedom of speech on the Internet, on the one side, and the fight against hate speech on the Internet on the other. The author points to the key problems in the fight against the hate speech on the Internet, and it involves, first of all, defining when something published on the Internet can be regarded as a hatred, who is responsible for controlling such content on the Internet, in order to delineate the responsibility of the author of the content of the responsibilities of the web administrator, Internet portal editor, social networks, etc., and how to determine the sanctions for this type of behavior. In this regard, the author analyzes the provisions of the Council Framework Decision on the Suppression of Certain Forms and Expression of Racism and Xenophobia through the Criminal Code (2008/913/PUP), then the provisions of Code of Conduct for Combating Illegal Hate Speech, by which the European Commission agreed with with Facebook Microsoft, Twitter and YouTube to prevent the spread of illegal hate speech on the Internet in May 2016, as well as the provisions of Germany Act to Improve Enforcement of the Law in Social Networks from 2017. The purpose of this paper is to address problems in process of making hate crimes on internet illegal, and providing effective law means for combating against this sort of behavior.
Key words: hate speech, internet, prevention, repression, freedom of speech, illegality, punishment.
Zbornik pravnog fakulteta u Podgorici, 2018
In this paper, the authors deal with the issue of the institute of hate crime in the context of t... more In this paper, the authors deal with the issue of the institute of hate crime in the context of the protection of fundamental human rights. Our focus is on law regulation and practice in Montenegro and Norway. Both Montenegro and Norway are small, independent countries that import important premises for both their national security as well legal and jurisdictional developments and improvements. Hate crime in both countries is perceived as a crime motivated by racism, nationalism, religious intolerance or bias against a persons’ disability, his or her sexual orientation or gender identity. As far as equality and non-discrimination are concerned, this is a form of criminal behavior that affects the very core of the principle of contemporary democracy and fundamental human rights. Accordingly, a large number of countries, by incriminating hate crimes in their criminal legislation, are trying to make these crimes more visible and to punish their perpetrators through appropriate sanctions. In support of this allegation, there are a numerous judgments at the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in Strasbourg, which obliges states to demystify bias motivation related to one of the foregoing grounds, for the commission of criminal acts. The problem that arises in the repression of hate crimes is the low level of recording of this type of crime, and the lack of victim confidence in the criminal justice system, as far as these crimes are concerned. As we will demonstrate, this has the consequence of not reporting such motivated crimes, and therefore the absence of prosecution and punishment of the perpetrators. Montenegro is currently reforming its legal system to strengthen the confidence of its citizens in the judiciary. As prescribed in Article 42a, in the general part of Montenegro’s Criminal Code, there is the obligation to appreciate as an aggravating circumstance for imposing a sanction, if the criminal offense was committed by hatred due to race, religion, victim’s nationality or ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation or gender identity of another person. However, despite the introduction of the institute of hate crime into criminal legislation in Montenegro, the implementation of this article is still missing in practice. In addition, there is no organized and comprehensive system for collecting information about committed hate crimes. In this regard, the authors offer certain guidelines in order to improve the situation in this field in terms of raising the capacity of police work in detecting, documenting, prosecuting and proving hate crimes, to apply the application of Article 42a of Criminal Code in the practice of the courts in Montenegro. In addition, the authors point to Norway's experiences in the combating hate crimes by measures of criminal justice, namely the application of Article 185 and Article 186 in the revised criminal code of 2015. As we will demonstrate, similar challenges related to underreporting of this kind of crime also exists in Norway. We will refer, however, what kind of actions is perceived necessary to improve the situation.
Key words: hate crimes, fundamental human rights, criminal code of Montenegro, criminal code of Norway, reform of the legal system.
Journal for Eastern-European Criminal Law, vol. 5, no. 1, ISBN: 2360-49641701, 2018
The authors deal with the issue of the right to privacy of children on the Internet from the aspe... more The authors deal with the issue of the right to privacy of children on the Internet from the aspect of international and domestic regulations in the field of personal data protection. In this regard, the authors try to address certain issues related to the form of violating the right to privacy of children on the Internet by publishing their personal data on social networks and electronic media, as well as the question of the responsibility of adults above all for such acts. The aim of this paper is to advocating the problem of violating the right to privacy of children on the Internet by parents, teachers, trainers, peers or media workers, as well as the relationship between such acts and children's dignity and security.
Key words: right to privacy, protection of children, social networks, security, responsibility.
Zbornik instituta za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja, 2018
In the paper authors dealing with the issue how system for
biometrics identification are being us... more In the paper authors dealing with the issue how system for
biometrics identification are being used to manage the migrant crisis
in Europe. Regarding to that, authors underlying problem of
identification of migrants, due to the fact that many of migrants
escaping from the war don’t always have personal identification
document with them, which means lot of problems from state
authorities in the countries where them seeking asylum. Whit the
intention to provide balance between need to quickly process, protect
and place huge numbers of refugees, with one side, and maintaining a
security, with other side, authors try to represent importance of
implementing biometrics identifications system of migrants as well as
cooperation and sharing of that data’s between neighbour countries
which are on the so called migrants routes to Europe.
Key words: migrants, security, biometrics, registration, identification.
Revija za kriminologiju i krivično pravo, 2018
Autor se u radu bavi specifičnim oblikom kriminalnog ispolja-vanja kod koga je objekt napada nakn... more Autor se u radu bavi specifičnim oblikom kriminalnog ispolja-vanja kod koga je objekt napada naknada za pružene usluge, a način izvršenja se ogleda umišljajnom izbegavanju plaćanja iste. Radi se o vrsti kriminalnog ponašanja koja se u anglosaksonskom pravu označa-va nazivom " krađa usluga " (eng. " Theft of services "). Rad ima za cilj da prikaže način na koji je ovo kriminalno ponašanje propisano krivič-nim zakonodavstvom Sjedinjenih Američkih Država (SAD). Shodno to-me, autor najpre ukazuje na razloge koji su doveli do toga da ovaj oblik kriminalnog ispoljavanja bude prepoznat od strane krivičnog zakono-davstva većine zemalja SAD. Nakon toga, autor daje prikaz modela ko-je su države SAD koristile u propisivanju odredbi koje inkriminišu tzv. krađu usluga. U centralnom delu rada autor daje prikaz odredbi krivič-nog zakonika države Njujork, Teksas i Severna Dakota, koje propisuju posebno delo krađa usluga, odvojeno od odredbi kojima su propisane tzv. konvencionalne krađe (imovine). Nakon toga autor ukazuje na kon-stitutivne segmente krađe usluga u zakonodavstvu država SAD, koje po-znaju kao zasebno krivično delo ovaj vid kriminalnog ispoljavanja. U zaključnom delu rada, uzimajući u obzir različite načine inkriminacije ovog ponašanja, autor izvodi zakjučke o zajedničkim elementima bića krivičnog dela krađa usluga (aktivni subjekt, radnja dela, oblik krivice, posledica, mogućnost pokušaja i slično). Ključne reči: krađa, imovina, usluge, Sjedinjene Američke Države, krivično zakonodavstvo.
The author deals with the specific form of criminal manifestation
in which the object of an attack is compensation for the services
provided, and the manner of execution is reflected in the intentional
avoidance of its payment. It is a type of criminal behavior that is in the
Anglo-Saxon law entitled as “theft of services”. The aim of the paper
is to show how this criminal behavior is prescribed by the criminal legislation
of the United States of America (US). Accordingly, the author
first points to the reasons that have led to that this form of criminal manifestation
be recognized by the criminal legislation of most US states.
After that, the author gives an overview of the models used by the US
states in laying down provisions that incriminate the so-called “theft of
services”. In the central part of the paper, the author gives an overview
of the provisions of the Penal Code of the State of New York, Texas and
North Dakota, which prescribe as an criminal offence theft of services,
separately from the provisions which prescribes so-called conventional
theft (of property). Thereafter, the author points to the constitutive segments
of the theft of services in the legislation of the US states, who
recognize this type of criminal manifestation as a indipendently criminal
offense. In the final part of the paper, taking into account the different
ways of incriminating this behavior, the author makes conclusions
about the common elements of the criminal offense of the rheft of services
(active subject, action of executing, guilt, consequences, possibility
of attempts, etc.).
Key words: theft, property, services, the United States, criminal
legislation.
Conference proceedings: Twelfth Biennial International Conference Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe : from common sense to evidence-based policy-making, ISBN 978-961-286-174-2, Univesity of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, pp. 682-696. Ljubljana (SLO). , 2018
Authors dealing with the problem of lack of stabile material evidence in the practice of criminal... more Authors dealing with the problem of lack of stabile material evidence in the practice of criminal procedure in Republic of Serbia. Assumption is that the lack of stabile material evidence in the criminal procedural practice in the Republic of Serbia is a result of the lack of standards in job of finding and providing of evidence, with one side, and abolition of the principle of material truth, and the reduction of investigative powers of the court, introduction of an adversarial model of criminal procedure and standard of proving beyond reasonable doubt, with the other side. Regarding this, the authors consider that applying the principle beyond reasonable doubt in making of judgement, requires respect for the principle of the continuity of evidence. On the base of this conclusion authors think that there is need for recognition of principle of continuity of evidence in criminal procedural legislation of Republic of Serbia.
Keywords: continuity of evidence, beyond reasonable doubt, truth, evidence standards, judgement.
Pravne teme, Časopis Departmana za pravne nauke Internacionalnog univerziteta u Novom Pazaru, 2018
Apstrakt: Pod subjektivnim činiocima, odnosno subjektima nacionalne bezbednosti, podrazumevamo on... more Apstrakt: Pod subjektivnim činiocima, odnosno subjektima nacionalne bezbednosti, podrazumevamo one činioce (entitete) koji imaju svest o sebi, svom okruženju i uticaju na to okruženje, a potiču od ljudi, ljudskih grupa, organizacija i institucija, i utiču na nacionalnu bezbednost. Subjektivne činioce nacionalne bezbednosti delimo na subjekte ugrožavanja i subjekte dostizanja, očuvanja i razvijanja nacionalne bezbednosti. U ovom radu autor se bavi subjektima ugrožavanja nacionalne bezbednosti na način da najpe ukazuje na prirodu ovih činilaca, a zatim i na podelu na unutrašnje i spoljne. Nakon toga, autor daje objašnjenje svakog od subjektivnih činilaca i način nihovog ugrožavanja nacionalne bezbednosti. Posebnu pažnju autor u radu posvećuje delovanju organizovanih kriminalnih grupa kao subjektivnih činilaca ugrožavanja nacionalne bezbednosti. Ključne reči: nacionalna bezbednost, subjekti ugrožavanja, bezbednosti rizici, bezbednostne pretnje, organizovane krimnalne grupe.
The work on the detection and prosecution of war crimes in attempting to provide evidence in crim... more The work on the detection and prosecution of war crimes in attempting to provide evidence in criminal proceedings of war crimes at the Western Balkans is extremely hard and difficult. Despite the fact that the first investigations started more than fifteen years ago, a large number of unexplored and unresolved cases remain. The reasons for this is that research of this type of crime is more complicated and difficult than investigations of the classic crime. In this paper we suggest methods to gather personal and material evidence in war crimes cases in the Western Balkans. Paying attention to the information and attending to the recommendtions of this paper, practioners and theorists alike will become familiar with the problems of investigating and prosecuting war crimes in the Western Balkans, and possibly also set the foundation for new research in the field. Based on an analysis of the specificity of the armed conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, we nevertheless conclude that none of the countries involved in the conflict has adequate technical and human resources for the effective investigation and prosecution of war crimes. This suggests that the effective investigating and prosecuting of these most serious crimes require mutual cooperation between the police and the judicial authorities of the countries of the former Yugoslavia.
Zbornik radova Međunarodno naučno-stručna konferencija: Krivično zakonodavstvo i funkcionisanje pravne države, 2018
The harmonization of national criminal legislations of the Member States of the European Union is... more The harmonization of national criminal legislations of the Member States of the European Union is one of the most important aspects of cooperation between the Member States. Namely, for almost thirty years, European Union has been trying to improve its joint activities in the field of co-operation in criminal matters, inter alia, with harmonization of criminal legislation. Harmonization of criminal law on the ground of the European Union is very complex, and to a certain extent unpopular issue. This is primarily due to the fact that interference in national criminal legislation by almost all member states is considered a very sensitive issue, primarily because the national criminal justice system is seen as one of the last "islands" of the sovereignty of the Member States. According to this, author in the paper deals with the issue of the legislative competences of the European Union in the field of substantive criminal law, in the light of the decisions of the European Court of Justice in Case C-176/03 and Case C-440/05, which were first defined the European Union's legislative powers in the domain of criminal law. After that, the author gives an overview of the legislative competences given to the European Union by, so-called, The Lisbon Treaty. In second part of the paper he present the analysis the Directive on criminal sanctions for market abuse, through the prism of the legislative competences of the European Union, given by Lisbon Treaty.
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Papers by Aleksandar R. Ivanovic
Ključne reči: zločin iz mržnje, prevencija, krivično pravo, sankcije.
receiving state, with a special focus on the legislation of the Republic of Serbia. In
this regard, the authors first start from the right to nationality, pointing out the
most important international legal documents that prescribe this human right, as
well as international conventions that regulate the issue of the status of stateless
persons and the resolution of the phenomenon of statelessness. In the central part
of the paper, the authors address the issue of the rights of refugees to nationality
through an analysis of the basic international documents that regulate this issue
and parallel illustrate the solutions to this issue in the national legislation of the
states in the environment. In the final part of the paper, the authors analyse the
current legislation of the Republic of Serbia, which regulates the situation of
refugees, as well as the issue of acquiring nationality, noting that the existing legal
framework of the Republic of Serbia regarding nationality is not in accordance
with international treaties when it comes to the refugee's ability to obtain
nationality of the Republic Serbia. By the end of the work, the authors offer a
proposal for changes to the domestic legislation in order to give the refugees the
possibility of acquiring the nationality of the Republic of Serbia, that is, enable the
exercise of the right to nationality as the highest degree of integration in Serbian
society.
borders. Next, the paper aims to point out the nature of these subjects, as well as the basic methods of their action. In this regard, the author uses the method of analysis and synthesis, as well as a descriptive method, in order to present in a more comprehensive and in a more detailed way certain risks and threats to national security. At the end of the paper, the author points out the necessity of increasing the use of criminalistics measures in the protection of national security from external threats.
Key words: national security, threats, aggression, international terrorist groups, transnational organized criminal groups, criminalistics.
Abstract: In this paper, the authors try to present in a comprehensive and concise way national regulations that sanction hate speech on the Internet. Although there is no single definition of hate speech, the authors will point to its essential elements, manifestation, and way of expressing it. The legislative framework for the regulation of hate speech in electronic media can be divided into formal and informal. The formal framework is composed of international and national legislation, and informal is composed of self-regulation measures by journalists and media associations, as well as content distributors on the Internet. An analysis of national regulations has shown us that a good legal framework has been established. However, there are only few judgments, and above all a few lawsuits. The problem lies in the application of legal regulations by the competent authorities, but also the selection of a regular legal road for the protection of their rights by the citizens themselves. They rarely decide to file a lawsuit because of the ignorance of legal regulations but also a long and costly procedure. It is necessary to pass a law that will regulate hate speech in a comprehensive, concise manner, clearly define this term, predict the sanctions, simplify the procedure, clearly regulate the procedure for the realization of legal protection and the competent authorities. It is necessary a special education of employees in competent bodies who apply these norms in order to recognize hate speech. It is also necessary to constantly improve these norms in order to monitor the continuous development of digital technologies, above all self-regulatory norms. Key words: hate speech, discrimination, hate speech on the Internet, hate speech prevention.
to study the aspect of the causes and conditions of the emergence of radicalism and violent extremism in this region while outlining the basic guidelines for the prevention of these phenomena at the end of the research. In this concern, the authors particularly emphasise the necessity of cooperation, coordination and strategic approach
among all parties of the region, for the prevention of radicalism and violent extremism in the Western Balkans.
Keywords: security, radicalism, violent extremism, prevention, Western Balkans
Key words: hate speech, internet, prevention, repression, freedom of speech, illegality, punishment.
Key words: hate crimes, fundamental human rights, criminal code of Montenegro, criminal code of Norway, reform of the legal system.
Key words: right to privacy, protection of children, social networks, security, responsibility.
biometrics identification are being used to manage the migrant crisis
in Europe. Regarding to that, authors underlying problem of
identification of migrants, due to the fact that many of migrants
escaping from the war don’t always have personal identification
document with them, which means lot of problems from state
authorities in the countries where them seeking asylum. Whit the
intention to provide balance between need to quickly process, protect
and place huge numbers of refugees, with one side, and maintaining a
security, with other side, authors try to represent importance of
implementing biometrics identifications system of migrants as well as
cooperation and sharing of that data’s between neighbour countries
which are on the so called migrants routes to Europe.
Key words: migrants, security, biometrics, registration, identification.
The author deals with the specific form of criminal manifestation
in which the object of an attack is compensation for the services
provided, and the manner of execution is reflected in the intentional
avoidance of its payment. It is a type of criminal behavior that is in the
Anglo-Saxon law entitled as “theft of services”. The aim of the paper
is to show how this criminal behavior is prescribed by the criminal legislation
of the United States of America (US). Accordingly, the author
first points to the reasons that have led to that this form of criminal manifestation
be recognized by the criminal legislation of most US states.
After that, the author gives an overview of the models used by the US
states in laying down provisions that incriminate the so-called “theft of
services”. In the central part of the paper, the author gives an overview
of the provisions of the Penal Code of the State of New York, Texas and
North Dakota, which prescribe as an criminal offence theft of services,
separately from the provisions which prescribes so-called conventional
theft (of property). Thereafter, the author points to the constitutive segments
of the theft of services in the legislation of the US states, who
recognize this type of criminal manifestation as a indipendently criminal
offense. In the final part of the paper, taking into account the different
ways of incriminating this behavior, the author makes conclusions
about the common elements of the criminal offense of the rheft of services
(active subject, action of executing, guilt, consequences, possibility
of attempts, etc.).
Key words: theft, property, services, the United States, criminal
legislation.
Keywords: continuity of evidence, beyond reasonable doubt, truth, evidence standards, judgement.
Ključne reči: zločin iz mržnje, prevencija, krivično pravo, sankcije.
receiving state, with a special focus on the legislation of the Republic of Serbia. In
this regard, the authors first start from the right to nationality, pointing out the
most important international legal documents that prescribe this human right, as
well as international conventions that regulate the issue of the status of stateless
persons and the resolution of the phenomenon of statelessness. In the central part
of the paper, the authors address the issue of the rights of refugees to nationality
through an analysis of the basic international documents that regulate this issue
and parallel illustrate the solutions to this issue in the national legislation of the
states in the environment. In the final part of the paper, the authors analyse the
current legislation of the Republic of Serbia, which regulates the situation of
refugees, as well as the issue of acquiring nationality, noting that the existing legal
framework of the Republic of Serbia regarding nationality is not in accordance
with international treaties when it comes to the refugee's ability to obtain
nationality of the Republic Serbia. By the end of the work, the authors offer a
proposal for changes to the domestic legislation in order to give the refugees the
possibility of acquiring the nationality of the Republic of Serbia, that is, enable the
exercise of the right to nationality as the highest degree of integration in Serbian
society.
borders. Next, the paper aims to point out the nature of these subjects, as well as the basic methods of their action. In this regard, the author uses the method of analysis and synthesis, as well as a descriptive method, in order to present in a more comprehensive and in a more detailed way certain risks and threats to national security. At the end of the paper, the author points out the necessity of increasing the use of criminalistics measures in the protection of national security from external threats.
Key words: national security, threats, aggression, international terrorist groups, transnational organized criminal groups, criminalistics.
Abstract: In this paper, the authors try to present in a comprehensive and concise way national regulations that sanction hate speech on the Internet. Although there is no single definition of hate speech, the authors will point to its essential elements, manifestation, and way of expressing it. The legislative framework for the regulation of hate speech in electronic media can be divided into formal and informal. The formal framework is composed of international and national legislation, and informal is composed of self-regulation measures by journalists and media associations, as well as content distributors on the Internet. An analysis of national regulations has shown us that a good legal framework has been established. However, there are only few judgments, and above all a few lawsuits. The problem lies in the application of legal regulations by the competent authorities, but also the selection of a regular legal road for the protection of their rights by the citizens themselves. They rarely decide to file a lawsuit because of the ignorance of legal regulations but also a long and costly procedure. It is necessary to pass a law that will regulate hate speech in a comprehensive, concise manner, clearly define this term, predict the sanctions, simplify the procedure, clearly regulate the procedure for the realization of legal protection and the competent authorities. It is necessary a special education of employees in competent bodies who apply these norms in order to recognize hate speech. It is also necessary to constantly improve these norms in order to monitor the continuous development of digital technologies, above all self-regulatory norms. Key words: hate speech, discrimination, hate speech on the Internet, hate speech prevention.
to study the aspect of the causes and conditions of the emergence of radicalism and violent extremism in this region while outlining the basic guidelines for the prevention of these phenomena at the end of the research. In this concern, the authors particularly emphasise the necessity of cooperation, coordination and strategic approach
among all parties of the region, for the prevention of radicalism and violent extremism in the Western Balkans.
Keywords: security, radicalism, violent extremism, prevention, Western Balkans
Key words: hate speech, internet, prevention, repression, freedom of speech, illegality, punishment.
Key words: hate crimes, fundamental human rights, criminal code of Montenegro, criminal code of Norway, reform of the legal system.
Key words: right to privacy, protection of children, social networks, security, responsibility.
biometrics identification are being used to manage the migrant crisis
in Europe. Regarding to that, authors underlying problem of
identification of migrants, due to the fact that many of migrants
escaping from the war don’t always have personal identification
document with them, which means lot of problems from state
authorities in the countries where them seeking asylum. Whit the
intention to provide balance between need to quickly process, protect
and place huge numbers of refugees, with one side, and maintaining a
security, with other side, authors try to represent importance of
implementing biometrics identifications system of migrants as well as
cooperation and sharing of that data’s between neighbour countries
which are on the so called migrants routes to Europe.
Key words: migrants, security, biometrics, registration, identification.
The author deals with the specific form of criminal manifestation
in which the object of an attack is compensation for the services
provided, and the manner of execution is reflected in the intentional
avoidance of its payment. It is a type of criminal behavior that is in the
Anglo-Saxon law entitled as “theft of services”. The aim of the paper
is to show how this criminal behavior is prescribed by the criminal legislation
of the United States of America (US). Accordingly, the author
first points to the reasons that have led to that this form of criminal manifestation
be recognized by the criminal legislation of most US states.
After that, the author gives an overview of the models used by the US
states in laying down provisions that incriminate the so-called “theft of
services”. In the central part of the paper, the author gives an overview
of the provisions of the Penal Code of the State of New York, Texas and
North Dakota, which prescribe as an criminal offence theft of services,
separately from the provisions which prescribes so-called conventional
theft (of property). Thereafter, the author points to the constitutive segments
of the theft of services in the legislation of the US states, who
recognize this type of criminal manifestation as a indipendently criminal
offense. In the final part of the paper, taking into account the different
ways of incriminating this behavior, the author makes conclusions
about the common elements of the criminal offense of the rheft of services
(active subject, action of executing, guilt, consequences, possibility
of attempts, etc.).
Key words: theft, property, services, the United States, criminal
legislation.
Keywords: continuity of evidence, beyond reasonable doubt, truth, evidence standards, judgement.
Primary focus of the Study is on the bodies and institutions of all levels of government in Bosnia and Herzegovina and their identified cases of violations of the right to freedom of opinion and information, the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association and the right to freedom to free movement.When it comes to protecting these three human rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina, there has been an inconsistency of domestic legislation with the provisions of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as well as with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. From the aspect of protection of these rights, the problem of applying the misdemeanor provisions of the police and courts has been evident, where it is necessary to change certain procedures and practices in order to ensure a greater degree of protection of the aforementioned human rights. Another problem is expressed through disproportion between the number of complaints against the police to the Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman/Ombudsmen of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the number of recommendations issued by this Institution.
S tim u vezi, publikacija sadrži teme koje su polaznicima ovog programa prezentovane od strane mentora, ali i podnesaka, tužilačkih i sudskih odluka koje su razvijene od strane samih polaznika programa. Štampanjem ove publikacije, želeli smo pre svega da pomognemo mladim pravnicima u prepoznavanju, razumevanju i procesuiranju zločina iz mržnje, tj. stvaranjem jednog ovakvog štiva, želeli smo da nadomestimo nedostak literature koja se bavi ovom problematikom i na taj način omogućimo mladim pravnicima da steknu sveobuhvatna znanja u vezi zločina iz mržnje kroz prizmu postupanja u krivičnom postupku. Takođe, želeli smo i da stvorimo jednu publikaciju koja će moći da posluži za pripremanje i realizovanje simulacionih sudnica na slične teme. Shodno navedenom, u publikaciji su najpre predstavljena teorijska razmatranja samog pojma zločina iz mržnje, međunarodni standardi i analiza domaćih odredaba koje se tiču ovog instituta. U središnjem delu prikazan je rad nadležnih organa na polju suzbijanja i sprečavanja zločina iz mržnje, i ujedno su date smernice za otkrivanje, razjašnjavanje i dokazivanje zločina iz mržnje. Potom su kroz analizu zakonskih odredaba prikazane faze krivičnog postupka uz davanje smernica za praktično postupanje u predistražnom, istražnom, optužnom i glavnom delu krivičnog postupka sa posebnim fokusom na slučajeve zločina iz mržnje. U narednom delu, date su smernice za sastavljanje krivične prijave, optužnih akata, odgovora na optužnicu i presuda, kao i drugih podnesaka, poput imovinskopravnog zahteva i žalbe na presudu. U završnom delu publikacije predstavljeni su simulacioni slučajevi, kao i optužni i akti i presude koje su napisane od strane timova prilikom realizacije takmičenja u simulaciji suđenja. Takođe, date su i propozicije za realizaciju ovakvog događaja. Shodno navedenom, nadamo se da će ova publikacija doći u ruke velikog broja mladih pravnika i da će im pomoći da steknu kompletnu sliku ulozi nadležnih organ u borbi protiv zločina iz mržnje. Naposletku bi iskoristili priliku da se još jednom zhvalimo Jeleni Jokanović, Tamari Mirović i dr Jasmini Kiurski, koje su svoje znanje iz oblasti borbe protiv zločina iz mržnje nesebično podelile sa polaznicima i mentorima angažovanim na ovom projektu, a čijim smernicama smo se koristili pri izradi ovog priručnika. Zahvalnost dugujemo i mentorima, polaznicima navedenog programa kao i volonterima koji su pomogli u ostvarenju ciljeva ove intervencije.
Misli ljudi utiču samo na njih, a ne i na druge ljude, osim ako ih oni ne izraze u spoljnom svetu i na taj način učine viljdivim drugim ljudima. Tada te izražene misli postavljaju manifestacije koje itekako mogu uticati na druge. Stoga je veoma važno ozbiljno shvatiti reči i slušati ih, jer postoji potreba za reakcijom kada te reči ne izražavaju pozitivne misli ili poglede, već štetna, ponižavajuća i diskriminatorna mišljenja prema određenom pojedincu ili društvenoj grupi. Naime, ako izostane reakcija društva na njega, govor mržnje će se postepeno normalizovati i prihvatiti. Novoprihvaćeni izrazi i stil govora, ubrzo postaju deo svakodnevnog diskursa. Reči su takođe prvo sredstvo koje koristimo da bismo promenili stavove, norme, predrasude i stereotipe u našem društvu. Stoga je izuzetno važno da se nadležne organizacije i institucije, kao i opšta populacija, suprotstave pojavi govora mržnje na internetu razvojem zakonodavne regulative, podizanjem svesti i obrazovanjem mladih ljudi, pozivajući ih ujedno da prihvate međusobne različitosti. Shodno navedenom, nadamo se da će ova publikacija doći u ruke velikog broja mladih osoba i da će im pomoći da steknu kompletnu sliku o uzrocima i uslovima koji pogoduju nastanku govora mržnje, njegovim pojavnim oblicima, posledicama, kao i načinima borbe protiv istog.