Skip to main content

David Encaoua

Universite de Paris I-Pantheon Sorbonne, Sciences Economiques, Faculty Member

Followers

30

Following

8

Public Views

I am an Emeritus Professor of Economics from the Sorbonne University (Paris, France). My topics of research are:Industrial Organization, Competition policy, Intellectual Property and Patents, Game Theory, Judaism, Biblical Literature

less

University of Florida

Princeton University

Ben Gurion University of the Negev

Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri

Urbino "Carlo Bo"

Austrian Academy of Sciences

חנוך בן-פזי Hanoch Ben-Pazi

Bar-Ilan University

Université de Nantes

Klaniczay Gabor

Central European University

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Harvard University

InterestsView All (6)

Uploads

Papers by David Encaoua

Dysfunctions of the Patent System and Their Effects on Competition 1

This chapter's aim is to nalyze the current conflicts between patents and competition . Two s... more This chapter's aim is to nalyze the current conflicts between patents and competition . Two statements frequently summarize the relationships between patents and competition. On the one hand, firms innovate to escape from competition (Darwinian view) and this is why market competition is viewed as a spur to innovation . On the other hand, the social benefits of innovation cannot be captured without the scrutiny of antitrust law (mainstream view). Besides these effects, some important tensions between the Intellectual property and the antitrust authorities persist. These tensions mainly occur because the current patent system presents some dysfunctions that create distortions difficult to solve under the antitrust rulings. Three contemporary dysfunctions of the patent system are analyzed: 1. The increased uncertain quality of many granted patents, 2. The strategic use of patents in technological competition that leads to hold-up behaviour; 3. The control of patent bundles arising...

Dysfunctions of the Patent System and Their Effects on Competition 1

This chapter's aim is to nalyze the current conflicts between patents and competition . Two s... more This chapter's aim is to nalyze the current conflicts between patents and competition . Two statements frequently summarize the relationships between patents and competition. On the one hand, firms innovate to escape from competition (Darwinian view) and this is why market competition is viewed as a spur to innovation . On the other hand, the social benefits of innovation cannot be captured without the scrutiny of antitrust law (mainstream view). Besides these effects, some important tensions between the Intellectual property and the antitrust authorities persist. These tensions mainly occur because the current patent system presents some dysfunctions that create distortions difficult to solve under the antitrust rulings. Three contemporary dysfunctions of the patent system are analyzed: 1. The increased uncertain quality of many granted patents, 2. The strategic use of patents in technological competition that leads to hold-up behaviour; 3. The control of patent bundles arising...

Micro�conomie de l'innovation

Calcul numérique d'un équilibre général avec distorsion fiscale. II

RAIRO - Operations Research

Calcul numérique d'un équilibre général avec distorsion fiscale. II Revue française d'automatique... more

Choosing Intellectual Protection: Imitation, Patent Strength and Licensing

Annales d'Économie et de Statistique

This paper investigates the choice of an intellectual protection regime for a process innovation.... more This paper investigates the choice of an intellectual protection regime for a process innovation. We set up a multi-stage model in which choosing between patent and trade secrecy is a¤ected by three parameters : the patent strength de…ned as the probability that the right is upheld by the court, the cost of imitating a patented innovation relative to the cost of imitating a secret innovation, and the innovation size de…ned as the extent of the cost reduction. The choice of the protection regime is the result of two e¤ects: the damage e¤ect evaluated under the unjust enrichment doctrine and the e¤ect of market competition that occurs under the shadow of infringement. We …nd that large innovations are likely to be kept secret whereas small innovations are always patented. Furthermore, medium innovations are patented only when patent strength is su¢ ciently high. Finally, we investigate a class of licensing agreements used to settle patent disputes between patent holders and their competitors.

Économie et économétrie de l'innovation: Un tour d'horizon / The Economics and Econometrics of Innovation: Overview

Annales d'Économie et de Statistique

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, a... more JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact

Stratégies dynamiques de prix et structures de marché

Cahiers du Séminaire d'Économétrie

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, a... more JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact

Différenciation des produits et structures de marché: Un tour d'horizon

Annales d'Économie et de Statistique

Concurrence et monopole naturel: Une approche par la théorie des jeux

Annales d'Économie et de Statistique

ABSTRACT This paper is an attempt to give a precise content to the notion of potential competitio... more ABSTRACT This paper is an attempt to give a precise content to the notion of potential competition in a natural monopoly market. Competition is described as a two stage game in which a set of firms announce first a price, then a level of output. Contingent demands for each firm are obtained from a general class of rationing schemes. A complete characterization of the two types of equilibria of this game is given.

Network Compatibility: Joint Adoption versus Individual Decisions

Annales d'Économie et de Statistique, 1992

S�lection et pouvoir dans la nouvelle �conomie industrielle

Dynamiques de march� et stuctures industrielles / Market Dynamiks and Industrial

Nature of the European technology gap: creative destruction or industrial policy?

Choix technologiques et strat�gies de dissuasion d'entr�e

LES OBJETS CONNECTÉS : Transition vers un nouveau modèle de société ?

Politique de la concurrence et théorie des jeux.: Quelques réflexions á partir de l'industrie cementiére

Revue D Economie Politique, 1999

Ouverture � la concurrence des activit�s en r�seau. Le cas du transport a�rien europ�en

Rev Econ, 1996

Dysfunctions of the Patent System and Their Effects on Competition 1

R�glementation et concurrence : quelques �l�ments de th�orie �conomique

Le système des brevets : idées reçues et critiques contemporaines 1

Problemes Economiques, Nov 1, 2012

ABSTRACT Cet article propose une réflexion générale sur le système des brevets. Trois questions s... more ABSTRACT Cet article propose une réflexion générale sur le système des brevets. Trois questions sont d&amp;#39;abord examinées: 1. Le brevet favorise-t-il l&amp;#39;innovation? 2. La propriété intellectuelle est-elle comparable aux autres formes de propriété? 3. La protection par le brevet est-elle complémentaire de la concurrence? Deux critiques fondamentales sont ensuite adressées: 1. L&amp;#39;attribution abusive d&amp;#39;un brevet à des nombreuses demandes ne satisfaisant pas les critères de brevetabilité, ce qui pose la question de la qualité des brevets. 2. L&amp;#39;incompatibilité du système unique des brevets à la diversité technologique et l&amp;#39;innovation cumulative, ce qui entraîne un coût excessif d&amp;#39;implémentation.

Dysfunctions of the Patent System and Their Effects on Competition 1

This chapter's aim is to nalyze the current conflicts between patents and competition . Two s... more This chapter's aim is to nalyze the current conflicts between patents and competition . Two statements frequently summarize the relationships between patents and competition. On the one hand, firms innovate to escape from competition (Darwinian view) and this is why market competition is viewed as a spur to innovation . On the other hand, the social benefits of innovation cannot be captured without the scrutiny of antitrust law (mainstream view). Besides these effects, some important tensions between the Intellectual property and the antitrust authorities persist. These tensions mainly occur because the current patent system presents some dysfunctions that create distortions difficult to solve under the antitrust rulings. Three contemporary dysfunctions of the patent system are analyzed: 1. The increased uncertain quality of many granted patents, 2. The strategic use of patents in technological competition that leads to hold-up behaviour; 3. The control of patent bundles arising...

Dysfunctions of the Patent System and Their Effects on Competition 1

This chapter's aim is to nalyze the current conflicts between patents and competition . Two s... more This chapter's aim is to nalyze the current conflicts between patents and competition . Two statements frequently summarize the relationships between patents and competition. On the one hand, firms innovate to escape from competition (Darwinian view) and this is why market competition is viewed as a spur to innovation . On the other hand, the social benefits of innovation cannot be captured without the scrutiny of antitrust law (mainstream view). Besides these effects, some important tensions between the Intellectual property and the antitrust authorities persist. These tensions mainly occur because the current patent system presents some dysfunctions that create distortions difficult to solve under the antitrust rulings. Three contemporary dysfunctions of the patent system are analyzed: 1. The increased uncertain quality of many granted patents, 2. The strategic use of patents in technological competition that leads to hold-up behaviour; 3. The control of patent bundles arising...

Micro�conomie de l'innovation

Calcul numérique d'un équilibre général avec distorsion fiscale. II

RAIRO - Operations Research

Calcul numérique d'un équilibre général avec distorsion fiscale. II Revue française d'automatique... more

Choosing Intellectual Protection: Imitation, Patent Strength and Licensing

Annales d'Économie et de Statistique

This paper investigates the choice of an intellectual protection regime for a process innovation.... more This paper investigates the choice of an intellectual protection regime for a process innovation. We set up a multi-stage model in which choosing between patent and trade secrecy is a¤ected by three parameters : the patent strength de…ned as the probability that the right is upheld by the court, the cost of imitating a patented innovation relative to the cost of imitating a secret innovation, and the innovation size de…ned as the extent of the cost reduction. The choice of the protection regime is the result of two e¤ects: the damage e¤ect evaluated under the unjust enrichment doctrine and the e¤ect of market competition that occurs under the shadow of infringement. We …nd that large innovations are likely to be kept secret whereas small innovations are always patented. Furthermore, medium innovations are patented only when patent strength is su¢ ciently high. Finally, we investigate a class of licensing agreements used to settle patent disputes between patent holders and their competitors.

Économie et économétrie de l'innovation: Un tour d'horizon / The Economics and Econometrics of Innovation: Overview

Annales d'Économie et de Statistique

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, a... more JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact

Stratégies dynamiques de prix et structures de marché

Cahiers du Séminaire d'Économétrie

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, a... more JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact

Différenciation des produits et structures de marché: Un tour d'horizon

Annales d'Économie et de Statistique

Concurrence et monopole naturel: Une approche par la théorie des jeux

Annales d'Économie et de Statistique

ABSTRACT This paper is an attempt to give a precise content to the notion of potential competitio... more ABSTRACT This paper is an attempt to give a precise content to the notion of potential competition in a natural monopoly market. Competition is described as a two stage game in which a set of firms announce first a price, then a level of output. Contingent demands for each firm are obtained from a general class of rationing schemes. A complete characterization of the two types of equilibria of this game is given.

Network Compatibility: Joint Adoption versus Individual Decisions

Annales d'Économie et de Statistique, 1992

S�lection et pouvoir dans la nouvelle �conomie industrielle

Dynamiques de march� et stuctures industrielles / Market Dynamiks and Industrial

Nature of the European technology gap: creative destruction or industrial policy?

Choix technologiques et strat�gies de dissuasion d'entr�e

LES OBJETS CONNECTÉS : Transition vers un nouveau modèle de société ?

Politique de la concurrence et théorie des jeux.: Quelques réflexions á partir de l'industrie cementiére

Revue D Economie Politique, 1999

Ouverture � la concurrence des activit�s en r�seau. Le cas du transport a�rien europ�en

Rev Econ, 1996

Dysfunctions of the Patent System and Their Effects on Competition 1

R�glementation et concurrence : quelques �l�ments de th�orie �conomique

Le système des brevets : idées reçues et critiques contemporaines 1

Problemes Economiques, Nov 1, 2012

ABSTRACT Cet article propose une réflexion générale sur le système des brevets. Trois questions s... more ABSTRACT Cet article propose une réflexion générale sur le système des brevets. Trois questions sont d&amp;#39;abord examinées: 1. Le brevet favorise-t-il l&amp;#39;innovation? 2. La propriété intellectuelle est-elle comparable aux autres formes de propriété? 3. La protection par le brevet est-elle complémentaire de la concurrence? Deux critiques fondamentales sont ensuite adressées: 1. L&amp;#39;attribution abusive d&amp;#39;un brevet à des nombreuses demandes ne satisfaisant pas les critères de brevetabilité, ce qui pose la question de la qualité des brevets. 2. L&amp;#39;incompatibilité du système unique des brevets à la diversité technologique et l&amp;#39;innovation cumulative, ce qui entraîne un coût excessif d&amp;#39;implémentation.