English

This article analyses the translation of advice proverbs in Muhammad Alsudais’s A Selection of Najdi Arabic Proverbs (1993) to identify, in the first place, the author’s strategies in rendering the various features of these highly stylized forms of Najd’s folk culture and ancestral wisdom. The analysis targets also the selected proverbs’ literary features to determine to which extent they are domesticated or foreignized in the target texts. The results show that two main strategies are followed by the translator to convey the meaning of his ethnographic material: literalness and paraphrase, with the effect of foreignizing most of their meaning. However, though literal translation strategy allows the transfer to the target language most of the images embedded in Najdi proverbs, paraphrase obliterates most of the markers that define their phonic identity. This result points not only to a poetic limitation in the literal and paraphrase uses of translation, but also to an aporia in the ...

This paper probes the following questions: 1) to what extent do the conceptualisation and implementation of space/place express and sustain certain hegemonic hierarchies that normalise socio-cultural divisions in Arab Algerian environment of Mostaganem City? 2) What tools are utilised as means of space exclusion? 3) Is there a possibility of recreating new spaces for women, by making them occupy existing men' spaces or revalorise unexploited spaces? (4) And ultimately, how much (dis)empowering space is for women? In relation to these questions, three postulations are advanced: (1) The Arab Algerian culture is drastically male-oriented and space appropriation only validates such culturally hammered circumstance. (2) Harassment by verbal violence is the main and most forceful tool of space exclusion. (3) Masculine hegemony has it that no possibility of space (re) valorisation is now opportune.

Investigating translation shifts in the translation of news articles has not received much attention despite its paramount importance in how translators produce adequate translations. Indeed, news translation is considered to be understudied in the field of translation. The current research aims at identifying the types of category shifts that have occurred and the most employed ones in the selected corpus.This study offers also an understanding of the category shifts that occur concerning translating news reports or stories. Accordingly, the study will explore the translation of a news article from English into Arabic; the news article titled 'North Korea 'preparing rocket launch', images suggest' is published on BBC news website 9 March 2019 together with its translation which was found on the BBC Arabic news website. To attain the research objectives, a comparative investigation of the English source text and the Arabic target text will be needed to look into the use of category shifts following Catford's typology of category shifts. This study adopted a qualitative and quantitative method in identifying what kinds of category shifts occurred and the most frequent ones in the analyzed news text. The findings show that all types of category shifts were employed in the translation with a total of 35 shifts. The most employed type of category shift is structural shifts which are exemplified through 16 cases. These structural shifts are illustrated in word-order, passive-active, or nominal-verbal sentence structures. The least applied category shifts in the process of translation are class shifts which indicate that the translator found target text equivalences that have the same part of speech of the source text items. The study concludes that category shifts were employed in the translation to fill the linguistic gap between the two languages.

The present survey sheds light upon the processes of language maintenance and shift in the speech community of Syrians living in the city of Oran, it takes as a main purpose investigating the degree of language preservation or loss among the community under question through dissecting speech patterns and language use across various domains. Information was collected by means of a semi-structured questionnaire and an interview. Both were designed to obtain research goals and administered to a sample of 30 persons. Findings show that the Syrian community is experiencing a gradual language shift in various areas ,nevertheless,the Syrian dialect is strongly maintained in the family domain.

Does linguistic democracy exist or is it only a lull? Linguists and politicians believe that it has never existed, not even in countries where political democracy is a tribute to preserve. They rather believe there are only dominating and dominated languages.The dominating languages are explained by the number of people who speak a language. Presently, the US and China are respectively illustrative examples of dominance and dominating languages in the world. English ranks first in the top ten world’s most important languages and Chinese is gaining supremacy over many other languages. The dominating languages are hegemonic that means their use covers indoor and offshore territories. The dominated languages therefore are considered second-class languages, they are disregarded. This linguistic attitude has always prevailed in the world. The transfer of a dominant language to other people is considered to be a demonstration of power, traditionally, military power but also, in the mode...

De par ses caractéristiques morpho-phonologiques, morphosyntaxiques, lexicales et autres systèmes et sous-systèmes de son fonctionnement, la langue arabe représente un système de non-concaténation (ou non-enchaînement des morphèmes). Elle diffère dans ce sens des langues Indo-européennes – à systèmes de concaténation – et demeure pour ainsi dire, une langue assez complexe à gérer dans le domaine du Traitement Automatique des Langues(TAL). Ceci, surtout lorsqu’il s’agit de traduire automatiquement des faits de langue porteurs d’éléments culturels propres à cette langue. Les données examinées dans cet article sont révélatrices de hiatus quant à la traduction automatique de textes juridiques arabes vers d’autres langues telles que le français ou l’anglais. L’apparentement génétique différent des langues en question pose non seulement des problèmes d’ordre linguistique dans le passage d’une langue vers une autre, mais aussi et surtout que les textes juridiques en langue arabe sont porte...

Writing as a work of art and a form of connection has become the framework of our world' s communication, business, job-opportunities, and foreign language education. In their early struggles with major skills, English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students describe the process of writing as problematic and complicated. Yet, throughout time as their academic tasks become more demanding and enquiring and with the assistance of their teachers, these language learners can become writing connoisseurs. This paper tried to explore if these students can overcome the writing difficulties by engaging in assigned activities. The data were collected through a case study carried out with third Year LMD students using questionnaires administered to the learners, informal interviews, discussion classes and assessment of students' feedback from the assignments. Findings demonstrate that the suggested techniques have helped the learners' promote their writing aptitudes and nourish their motivation to write in the target language.

Being able to use English in a proficient manner has undoubtedly become an essential asset in Algerian professional and academic settings over the last few years. Recent contingency for a better future for graduate and undergraduate Algerian students has generated willingness to acquire the needful skills to be ready to compete at the national and international market levels. In the case of Legal English, the development of vocabulary, reading, writing, speaking and listening skills requires the refitting and remodeling of the teaching approaches and practices to act in response to the students' present and future needs and expectations. Accordingly, teaching legal language should cover and infiltrate the study of specialized countenance in conjunction with scrupulous syntax of legal English which portrays long and complex sentences and syntactic discontinuities. Moreover, due to the fact that legal English is used in real professional settings, its pragmatic dimension is predominantly crucial. This research work spotlights the manner in which the pragmatic peculiar features of legal English could be taught to Algerian law students.

In 2015, speculations have raised to debate recommendations suggested, among others, at the Algerian National Conference on the Evaluation and Implementation of School Reforms to recommend the teaching of Standard Arabic through Algerian Colloquial Arabic –<em>Darija</em>- at primary school level. Since independence, in 1962, Algeria has witnessed an Arabization policy whereby the Arabic language was imposed as the sole official and national language at political, economic and most importantly education level. The aim of this work is to shed the light on the pedagogical and socio-linguistic motives nourishing the possibility of implementing a vernacular variety– which has no morpho-syntactical and phonological representation - as a vehicle for knowledge transmission, literacy and education in the Algerian primary school level. Focus will also be put on highlighting emerging vectors of controversies and hostilities against the project that are deeply rooted in the histori...

Cultural words usually pose some challenges to translators, especially when they translate texts into languages which are culturally different. This study investigates the translation of cultural items in The Forty Hadiths by Imam Al-Nawawi. It adopted the qualitative approach for selecting and analyzing the translation of culturallybound items of the selected Prophet Mohammed's hadiths posted on the Web by Sunnah.com. Moreover, it used Lambert and Van Gorp's (1985) method to examine the translations and Vinay and Darbelnet's translation strategies to identify the procedures selected by the translators to convey the meanings of the cultural contents. The findings indicated that the translators implemented various procedures to convey the cultural meanings of the hadiths. However, whenever confronted with difficult categories, due to the lexical, syntactic and cultural differences between Arabic and English, they were inconsistent in their choices of translation procedures. Furthermore, they did not succeed in rendering the aesthetic features of the Prophet's utterances, an issue that is yet to be addressed by researchers. The present study provides implications which could be useful for translators, especially translators of religious texts.

Up to the nineteenth century, nothing had ever seriously threatened British rule in the Indian subcontinent the way the happenings of 1857 did. In fact, the East India Company officials there were caught unawares and unprepared for such an unexpected ordeal. As a result, shortly after the end of the hostilities, the British Government decided to rethink its policies in the region in order to avoid another similar catastrophe.

It is useless to deal with the experience of the Indian community in South Africa without referring to the person of mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, a distinguished Indian intellectual and leader. Setting out the circumstances that led this Indian law school graduate to enter the South African scene requires, first of all, a sketchy description of the experience that the Indian community went through in that part of Africa by the last half of the 19th century.

Up to the nineteenth century, nothing had ever seriously threatened British rule in the Indian Sub-continent the way the happenings of 1857 did. In fact, the East India Company officials there were caught unawares and unprepared for such an unexpected ordeal. As a result, shortly after the end of the hostilities, the British Government decided to rethink its policies in the region in order to avoid another similar catastrophe. This could be seen in the profound changes that London effected in the Sub-continent, mainly upon the request of Queen Victoria, who explicitly urged the Government of India, in her historic Proclamation of 1858, to adopt a different approach in governing her colonial subjects. Hence, the task in this article is to analyze the impact that the Great Revolt of 1857 had on British Raj.