
Marc Rolland
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Papers by Marc Rolland
Two British authors of the second half of the nineteenth century, Henry Rider Haggard (1856-1925) and William Morris (1834-1896), emplotted versions of the beautiful, semi-immortal and tragic queen in their works of imagination. Though these characters are redolent of the archetypal Femme Fatale, they nonetheless testify to their creators' intention to endow women with unusual might and autonomy. Rider Haggard's Ayesha (She, 1886) and Cleopatra (Cleopatra, 1889) are passionate to the extreme and freely bestow their love and their bodies, but they are also Queens and assume the burdens of their rank. With William Morris, the hallmarks of the free women of his futurist utopia (News From Nowhere, 1890) – physical strength and courage, ease in their behavior with men, freedom to love as they wish – are to be found in two characters of The Well at the World's End (1896), the Lady of Abundance and Ursula. The former, enjoying a magically enhanced lifespan and wielding political power and martial prowess as well as a man, nevertheless perish tragically like her sisters, Ayesha and Cleopatra. Is this to show that times weren't ripe yet, and that subversion of the patriarchal order, even in the works of a socialist such as Morris, was doomed to failure ? A middle course seems to be suggested in the person of Ursula, who combines, independence, initiative et freedom of choice while observing marital proprieties like many pioneer feminists of the beginning of the twentieth century.
Two British authors of the second half of the nineteenth century, Henry Rider Haggard (1856-1925) and William Morris (1834-1896), emplotted versions of the beautiful, semi-immortal and tragic queen in their works of imagination. Though these characters are redolent of the archetypal Femme Fatale, they nonetheless testify to their creators' intention to endow women with unusual might and autonomy. Rider Haggard's Ayesha (She, 1886) and Cleopatra (Cleopatra, 1889) are passionate to the extreme and freely bestow their love and their bodies, but they are also Queens and assume the burdens of their rank. With William Morris, the hallmarks of the free women of his futurist utopia (News From Nowhere, 1890) – physical strength and courage, ease in their behavior with men, freedom to love as they wish – are to be found in two characters of The Well at the World's End (1896), the Lady of Abundance and Ursula. The former, enjoying a magically enhanced lifespan and wielding political power and martial prowess as well as a man, nevertheless perish tragically like her sisters, Ayesha and Cleopatra. Is this to show that times weren't ripe yet, and that subversion of the patriarchal order, even in the works of a socialist such as Morris, was doomed to failure ? A middle course seems to be suggested in the person of Ursula, who combines, independence, initiative et freedom of choice while observing marital proprieties like many pioneer feminists of the beginning of the twentieth century.