IJAEDU- International E-Journal of Advances in Education
Teaching is performance, which puts literature into an area of sharing, thinking, dreaming and in... more Teaching is performance, which puts literature into an area of sharing, thinking, dreaming and involving thoughts and passion. However, studying literature has become a difficult task that so many students face today. Indeed, teaching literature to language students constitutes an enormous challenge nowadays. In this case, the literature teacher is supposed to discover the student's previous literary experiences, and to be thoroughly familiar with the problems involved in the development of literary appreciation in foreign language learning. Therefore, students need to be helped to understand the importance of studying literature. For many students, literature can help them to develop their language skills (reading, listening, speaking and writing) ,for both; students and teachers, literature can be regarded an important element that can develop and open their minds to different cultural horizons. If the reader (student) is convinced that the study of literature offers pleasure where the purpose of reading is enjoyment, the teaching of literature will be rewarding for both teacher and students. The present paper outlines my short experience in teaching literature at the Department of English at Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef-ALGERIA-. It aims at encouraging students to think creatively and independently to appreciate not only the stimulation but also the enjoyment derived from the study of literature. It is a venture that has enabled both the students and myself to benefit from its virtues.
When there is a talk about existence, the philosophy of existentialism comes to mind. Sartre has ... more When there is a talk about existence, the philosophy of existentialism comes to mind. Sartre has talked about the freedom and the responsibility of the individual to make his/her own choices to define his/her life. And by applying these particular concepts from Sartre, the development of the protagonist, Stephen, and his aspiration to be an artist can be seen in a different light.
When we read literature we travel in space, we travel in time; we travel through all kinds of his... more When we read literature we travel in space, we travel in time; we travel through all kinds of historical periods, and imaginary worlds. Therefore, Literature gives us a window on the worlds and cultures of authors who, like us, experience life's richness and pain, but who, perhaps unlike us, have noticed the moments we overlook in our hurry to move on. Besides, writers transport the real-life events in their society into fiction and present it to the society as a mirror with which people can look at themselves and make amends where necessary. For writers and poets , literature serve as an escape from life. The contemporary literature has become more reader centered and the emphasis is laid upon economic, material, cultural and environmental conditions of man. Previously, it was believed that the philosophical doctrines supply materials to literature but in the modern age it is considered as an account of the changes in the social structure caused by industrialism, capitalism, communism and totalitarianism. The present article aims at presenting literature as a social art that transcends human limitation that enriches life and gives readers a kind of social and cultural perspectives that they otherwise may be beneficial for them.
When we read literature we travel in space, we travel in time; we travel through all kinds of his... more When we read literature we travel in space, we travel in time; we travel through all kinds of historical periods, and imaginary worlds. Therefore, Literature gives us a window on the worlds and cultures of authors who, like us, experience life's richness and pain, but who, perhaps unlike us, have noticed the moments we overlook in our hurry to move on. Besides, writers transport the real-life events in their society into fiction and present it to the society as a mirror with which people can look at themselves and make amends where necessary. For writers and poets , literature serve as an escape from life. The contemporary literature has become more reader centered and the emphasis is laid upon economic, material, cultural and environmental conditions of man. Previously, it was believed that the philosophical doctrines supply materials to literature but in the modern age it is considered as an account of the changes in the social structure caused by industrialism, capitalism, communism and totalitarianism. The present article aims at presenting literature as a social art that transcends human limitation that enriches life and gives readers a kind of social and cultural perspectives that they otherwise may be beneficial for them.
In 1923 German art critic Franz Roh coined the term "magical realism" and then repeated it in a 1... more In 1923 German art critic Franz Roh coined the term "magical realism" and then repeated it in a 1925 book in reference to a new artistic tendency he saw appearing in European painting. 17 It is unlikely he could have realized how far his notion would travel in terms of both geographic and inter-disciplinary debate. It has since formed part of Latin American literature, postcolonial studies, and can now be found in art and literary criticism related to India, Africa, Canada, Europe, and beyond. However, as was discussed in the
In 1923 German art critic Franz Roh coined the term "magical realism" and then repeated it in a 1... more In 1923 German art critic Franz Roh coined the term "magical realism" and then repeated it in a 1925 book in reference to a new artistic tendency he saw appearing in European painting. 17 It is unlikely he could have realized how far his notion would travel in terms of both geographic and inter-disciplinary debate. It has since formed part of Latin American literature, postcolonial studies, and can now be found in art and literary criticism related to India, Africa, Canada, Europe, and beyond. However, as was discussed in the
This essay examines Ben Okri's use of metaphor to frame the relationship between groups in his so... more This essay examines Ben Okri's use of metaphor to frame the relationship between groups in his society. A careful study of the The Famished Road (TFR), Songs of Enchantment (SOE) and Infinite Riches (IR) reveals the asymmetry in the distribution of socio-political power in the system. It also reveals the uneasy juxtaposition of values and groups such as the colonizer vs the colonized; the rich vs the poor; the white vs the black; the politicians vs the inhabitants; the modern vs the ancient, etc. The texts show one group trying to impose its ideology on the other while the dominated group tries to resist or contest the ideological hegemony of the dominant group. Okri is a magical realist who avails himself of the resources of metaphor to express a content that is typically postcolonial. This presupposes that magical realism and metaphor as modes of artistic presentation are not mutually exclusive, hence the former can be expressed in the latter, or vice versa. The study reveals that Okri's literary style is essentially framed in metaphorical patterns that present new schemes, categories and semantic domains that indicate the abiku-nation relationship. The rhetoric of metaphorization also enables him to present the ideology of social disjuncture in his society. Metaphorization enables the reader to comprehend how different political, ideological and social groups in Okri's society perceive each other and the kind social relationship that is engendered in the process. It also assists the reader to see how language gives rise to meaning among individuals and groups of individuals, and how these meanings are integrated in matters of cooperation and conflict. Okri's re-inscription of spirituality into the discourse of Nigeria's nationhood, through the re-articulation of the abiku myth, is a confirmation of the crucial importance of literary imagination and its linguistic analysis in the project of creating deeper understanding about identity, inter-group relationship and humanistic pursuit of the common good.
IJAEDU- International E-Journal of Advances in Education
Teaching is performance, which puts literature into an area of sharing, thinking, dreaming and in... more Teaching is performance, which puts literature into an area of sharing, thinking, dreaming and involving thoughts and passion. However, studying literature has become a difficult task that so many students face today. Indeed, teaching literature to language students constitutes an enormous challenge nowadays. In this case, the literature teacher is supposed to discover the student's previous literary experiences, and to be thoroughly familiar with the problems involved in the development of literary appreciation in foreign language learning. Therefore, students need to be helped to understand the importance of studying literature. For many students, literature can help them to develop their language skills (reading, listening, speaking and writing) ,for both; students and teachers, literature can be regarded an important element that can develop and open their minds to different cultural horizons. If the reader (student) is convinced that the study of literature offers pleasure where the purpose of reading is enjoyment, the teaching of literature will be rewarding for both teacher and students. The present paper outlines my short experience in teaching literature at the Department of English at Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef-ALGERIA-. It aims at encouraging students to think creatively and independently to appreciate not only the stimulation but also the enjoyment derived from the study of literature. It is a venture that has enabled both the students and myself to benefit from its virtues.
When there is a talk about existence, the philosophy of existentialism comes to mind. Sartre has ... more When there is a talk about existence, the philosophy of existentialism comes to mind. Sartre has talked about the freedom and the responsibility of the individual to make his/her own choices to define his/her life. And by applying these particular concepts from Sartre, the development of the protagonist, Stephen, and his aspiration to be an artist can be seen in a different light.
When we read literature we travel in space, we travel in time; we travel through all kinds of his... more When we read literature we travel in space, we travel in time; we travel through all kinds of historical periods, and imaginary worlds. Therefore, Literature gives us a window on the worlds and cultures of authors who, like us, experience life's richness and pain, but who, perhaps unlike us, have noticed the moments we overlook in our hurry to move on. Besides, writers transport the real-life events in their society into fiction and present it to the society as a mirror with which people can look at themselves and make amends where necessary. For writers and poets , literature serve as an escape from life. The contemporary literature has become more reader centered and the emphasis is laid upon economic, material, cultural and environmental conditions of man. Previously, it was believed that the philosophical doctrines supply materials to literature but in the modern age it is considered as an account of the changes in the social structure caused by industrialism, capitalism, communism and totalitarianism. The present article aims at presenting literature as a social art that transcends human limitation that enriches life and gives readers a kind of social and cultural perspectives that they otherwise may be beneficial for them.
When we read literature we travel in space, we travel in time; we travel through all kinds of his... more When we read literature we travel in space, we travel in time; we travel through all kinds of historical periods, and imaginary worlds. Therefore, Literature gives us a window on the worlds and cultures of authors who, like us, experience life's richness and pain, but who, perhaps unlike us, have noticed the moments we overlook in our hurry to move on. Besides, writers transport the real-life events in their society into fiction and present it to the society as a mirror with which people can look at themselves and make amends where necessary. For writers and poets , literature serve as an escape from life. The contemporary literature has become more reader centered and the emphasis is laid upon economic, material, cultural and environmental conditions of man. Previously, it was believed that the philosophical doctrines supply materials to literature but in the modern age it is considered as an account of the changes in the social structure caused by industrialism, capitalism, communism and totalitarianism. The present article aims at presenting literature as a social art that transcends human limitation that enriches life and gives readers a kind of social and cultural perspectives that they otherwise may be beneficial for them.
In 1923 German art critic Franz Roh coined the term "magical realism" and then repeated it in a 1... more In 1923 German art critic Franz Roh coined the term "magical realism" and then repeated it in a 1925 book in reference to a new artistic tendency he saw appearing in European painting. 17 It is unlikely he could have realized how far his notion would travel in terms of both geographic and inter-disciplinary debate. It has since formed part of Latin American literature, postcolonial studies, and can now be found in art and literary criticism related to India, Africa, Canada, Europe, and beyond. However, as was discussed in the
In 1923 German art critic Franz Roh coined the term "magical realism" and then repeated it in a 1... more In 1923 German art critic Franz Roh coined the term "magical realism" and then repeated it in a 1925 book in reference to a new artistic tendency he saw appearing in European painting. 17 It is unlikely he could have realized how far his notion would travel in terms of both geographic and inter-disciplinary debate. It has since formed part of Latin American literature, postcolonial studies, and can now be found in art and literary criticism related to India, Africa, Canada, Europe, and beyond. However, as was discussed in the
This essay examines Ben Okri's use of metaphor to frame the relationship between groups in his so... more This essay examines Ben Okri's use of metaphor to frame the relationship between groups in his society. A careful study of the The Famished Road (TFR), Songs of Enchantment (SOE) and Infinite Riches (IR) reveals the asymmetry in the distribution of socio-political power in the system. It also reveals the uneasy juxtaposition of values and groups such as the colonizer vs the colonized; the rich vs the poor; the white vs the black; the politicians vs the inhabitants; the modern vs the ancient, etc. The texts show one group trying to impose its ideology on the other while the dominated group tries to resist or contest the ideological hegemony of the dominant group. Okri is a magical realist who avails himself of the resources of metaphor to express a content that is typically postcolonial. This presupposes that magical realism and metaphor as modes of artistic presentation are not mutually exclusive, hence the former can be expressed in the latter, or vice versa. The study reveals that Okri's literary style is essentially framed in metaphorical patterns that present new schemes, categories and semantic domains that indicate the abiku-nation relationship. The rhetoric of metaphorization also enables him to present the ideology of social disjuncture in his society. Metaphorization enables the reader to comprehend how different political, ideological and social groups in Okri's society perceive each other and the kind social relationship that is engendered in the process. It also assists the reader to see how language gives rise to meaning among individuals and groups of individuals, and how these meanings are integrated in matters of cooperation and conflict. Okri's re-inscription of spirituality into the discourse of Nigeria's nationhood, through the re-articulation of the abiku myth, is a confirmation of the crucial importance of literary imagination and its linguistic analysis in the project of creating deeper understanding about identity, inter-group relationship and humanistic pursuit of the common good.
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