In recent years more attention has been given to chemical exposure in hairdressers. This increasi... more In recent years more attention has been given to chemical exposure in hairdressers. This increasing interest is largely due to the various respiratory and skin symptoms observed in hairdressers. According to these symptoms, hairdressers are in contact with various sources of exposure. Particularly in France, little information is available to assess professional exposure of hairdressers. In order to gather information to assess exposure in hairdressers, eleven hairdressing salons were visited. All the salons were located in Brest city (France). Preferentially small hairdressing salons were visited. Observations were performed to obtain salon characteristics and to record workers' practices. Calculations revealed that in the worst case scenario, dermal professional exposure reaches 14.68 and 13.67 mg/kg/day for hair coloring and highlighting mixtures, respectively. Inhalation exposure represents 14.2 and 18.1 mg/kg/day for hair coloring and highlighting mixtures, respectively. Th...
The inter-species variability of contamination by domoic acid (DA), okadaic acid and analogues (O... more The inter-species variability of contamination by domoic acid (DA), okadaic acid and analogues (OAs) and spirolides (SPX) in mussels, oysters, cockles, carpet shell clams and razor clams was assessed. DA concentrations were measured using both high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Ultra Violet (UV) detection and HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS); OAs and SPX were measured using HPLC-MS/MS. Observations showed that for each phycotoxin, the contamination rates are species-dependent and the most contaminated species differ according to the kind of phycotoxin. For DA and SPX, cockles appear to be the most contaminated species whereas mussels seem to be the predominant vector for OAs. The effect of cooking process on DA concentrations was investigated in five different bivalve species by comparing toxin concentrations in whole raw flesh with concentrations in whole cooked flesh. The DA concentration decreased in cooked cockles and razor clams whereas it increased in cooked mussels, carpet shell clams and donax. Thus the impact of cooking is bivalve species-dependent. For OAs and SPX, the cooking process was studied on mussels and resulted in an increase in the toxin concentration because of their lipophilic nature. These results should be taken into consideration in exposure assessments and in the design of regulatory monitoring programs, as the current banning levels based on raw bivalves may over-or under-protect consumers when shellfish are eaten cooked.
ABSTRACT In order to ensure food safety in Europe, the level of okadaic acid (OA) equivalents in ... more ABSTRACT In order to ensure food safety in Europe, the level of okadaic acid (OA) equivalents in live bivalve molluscs must not exceed 160 μg/kg of raw meat (Regulation 853/2004/EC). Therefore, sampling plans must be set up to monitor production areas, knowing that mussels be used as an indicator species (Regulation 854/2004/EC). During a contamination event, there is a high variability of contamination between mussels. For this reason, determining an appropriate sampling plan is difficult and must be made on a scientific basis. However, there has never been a probabilistic evaluation of the impact that sample size and the number of samples taken, have on the analytical results and the corresponding decision for the public safety of a specific lot of shellfish. In this paper we achieve this aim by the application of scientific method to contamination data already available in scientific publications. Variance data recorded in scientific publications are used to predict variance as a function of OA concentration. A lognormal distribution fits the observed OA distributions among individual mussels. A computer model is used to predict the probability of acceptance for a given sampling plan. By OC (Operating Characteristic) curves, the performance of several sampling plan designs is evaluated to demonstrate how to manipulate sample size, and number of samples analysed to reduce misclassification of production areas. According to these OC curves, a best fit sampling plan is proposed, which consists of taking two samples of 30–40 mussels each.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2015
The aim of this study was to assess the percentage of users, the frequency of use and the number ... more The aim of this study was to assess the percentage of users, the frequency of use and the number of cosmetic products consumed at home by the French population. The evaluation was performed for adult, child and baby consumers. Pregnant women were also taken into account in this work. All in all, 141 products cosmetics including general hygiene, skin care, hair care, hair styling, make-up, fragrances, solar, shaving and depilatory products were studied. The strengths of the study were the separation of data by sex and by age groups, the consideration of a priori at risk subpopulations and the consideration of a large number of cosmetic products. These current consumption data could be useful for safety assessors and for safety agencies in order to protect the general population and these at risk subpopulations.
In recent years more attention has been given to chemical exposure in hairdressers. This increasi... more In recent years more attention has been given to chemical exposure in hairdressers. This increasing interest is largely due to the various respiratory and skin symptoms observed in hairdressers. According to these symptoms, hairdressers are in contact with various sources of exposure. Particularly in France, little information is available to assess professional exposure of hairdressers. In order to gather information to assess exposure in hairdressers, eleven hairdressing salons were visited. All the salons were located in Brest city (France). Preferentially small hairdressing salons were visited. Observations were performed to obtain salon characteristics and to record workers' practices. Calculations revealed that in the worst case scenario, dermal professional exposure reaches 14.68 and 13.67 mg/kg/day for hair coloring and highlighting mixtures, respectively. Inhalation exposure represents 14.2 and 18.1 mg/kg/day for hair coloring and highlighting mixtures, respectively. Th...
The inter-species variability of contamination by domoic acid (DA), okadaic acid and analogues (O... more The inter-species variability of contamination by domoic acid (DA), okadaic acid and analogues (OAs) and spirolides (SPX) in mussels, oysters, cockles, carpet shell clams and razor clams was assessed. DA concentrations were measured using both high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Ultra Violet (UV) detection and HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS); OAs and SPX were measured using HPLC-MS/MS. Observations showed that for each phycotoxin, the contamination rates are species-dependent and the most contaminated species differ according to the kind of phycotoxin. For DA and SPX, cockles appear to be the most contaminated species whereas mussels seem to be the predominant vector for OAs. The effect of cooking process on DA concentrations was investigated in five different bivalve species by comparing toxin concentrations in whole raw flesh with concentrations in whole cooked flesh. The DA concentration decreased in cooked cockles and razor clams whereas it increased in cooked mussels, carpet shell clams and donax. Thus the impact of cooking is bivalve species-dependent. For OAs and SPX, the cooking process was studied on mussels and resulted in an increase in the toxin concentration because of their lipophilic nature. These results should be taken into consideration in exposure assessments and in the design of regulatory monitoring programs, as the current banning levels based on raw bivalves may over-or under-protect consumers when shellfish are eaten cooked.
ABSTRACT In order to ensure food safety in Europe, the level of okadaic acid (OA) equivalents in ... more ABSTRACT In order to ensure food safety in Europe, the level of okadaic acid (OA) equivalents in live bivalve molluscs must not exceed 160 μg/kg of raw meat (Regulation 853/2004/EC). Therefore, sampling plans must be set up to monitor production areas, knowing that mussels be used as an indicator species (Regulation 854/2004/EC). During a contamination event, there is a high variability of contamination between mussels. For this reason, determining an appropriate sampling plan is difficult and must be made on a scientific basis. However, there has never been a probabilistic evaluation of the impact that sample size and the number of samples taken, have on the analytical results and the corresponding decision for the public safety of a specific lot of shellfish. In this paper we achieve this aim by the application of scientific method to contamination data already available in scientific publications. Variance data recorded in scientific publications are used to predict variance as a function of OA concentration. A lognormal distribution fits the observed OA distributions among individual mussels. A computer model is used to predict the probability of acceptance for a given sampling plan. By OC (Operating Characteristic) curves, the performance of several sampling plan designs is evaluated to demonstrate how to manipulate sample size, and number of samples analysed to reduce misclassification of production areas. According to these OC curves, a best fit sampling plan is proposed, which consists of taking two samples of 30–40 mussels each.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2015
The aim of this study was to assess the percentage of users, the frequency of use and the number ... more The aim of this study was to assess the percentage of users, the frequency of use and the number of cosmetic products consumed at home by the French population. The evaluation was performed for adult, child and baby consumers. Pregnant women were also taken into account in this work. All in all, 141 products cosmetics including general hygiene, skin care, hair care, hair styling, make-up, fragrances, solar, shaving and depilatory products were studied. The strengths of the study were the separation of data by sex and by age groups, the consideration of a priori at risk subpopulations and the consideration of a large number of cosmetic products. These current consumption data could be useful for safety assessors and for safety agencies in order to protect the general population and these at risk subpopulations.
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Papers by N. Wesolek