IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, 2002
Abstract The three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) generation is the heart of the inverter sys... more Abstract The three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) generation is the heart of the inverter system. Its main function is to control the switching sequence of the power devices according to per-loaded instruction. Using field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology all the functions can be implemented in a single chip. The implementation tool fit the entered design into the target device (XC4008E). It will compile a design file into a configuration file that is optimized using logic gates and interconnections for the target device. Design ...
2009 International Conference for Technical Postgraduates (TECHPOS), 2009
This paper presents the design and implementation of a level detector. Silometer is an electromec... more This paper presents the design and implementation of a level detector. Silometer is an electromechanical level detector which can measure the level in silos, tanks, bunkers and any kind of containers, depending on the sensing weight and strain force. The Silometer is mostly applicable in dusty, harsh and coarse environments, but it is also useful to be employed in other environments such as in liquid and so on.
Renewable energy sources can be a good substitute of the fossil fuels which are being terminated ... more Renewable energy sources can be a good substitute of the fossil fuels which are being terminated fast. Nowadays biomass and biofuels are considered because of their environment friendly characteristics and their ability of supplying much more energy. An alternative means to select the most efficient and convenient biomass, is exergy analysis. The present paper has reviewed the existent surveys on the exergy analysis of different kind of biomass included the woody biomass, herbaceous and agricultural biomass, aquatic biomass, contaminated biomass and industrial biomass. The most common thermochemical processes are investigated and the efficiency of the different process and various kinds of biomass are determined.
An industrial sector uses more energy than any other end-use sectors and currently this sector is... more An industrial sector uses more energy than any other end-use sectors and currently this sector is consuming about 37% of the world's total delivered energy. Energy is consumed in the industrial sector by a diverse group of industries including manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and construction and for a wide range of activities, such as processing and assembly, space conditioning, and lighting. This paper describes a comprehensive literature review about industrial energy saving by management, technologies and policies. Latest literatures in terms of thesis (MS and PhD), journal articles, conference proceedings, web materials, reports, books, handbooks on industrial energy management, policies and energy savings strategies have been compiled. Energy saving by management including energy audit, training programs and housekeeping beside some energy management practices in the world has been reviewed. Energy saving technologies, such as use of high efficiency motors (HEMs), variable speed drives (VSDs), economizers, leak prevention and reducing pressure drop has been reviewed. Based on energy saving technologies results, it has been found that in the industrial sectors, a sizeable amount of electric energy, emissions and utility bill can be saved using these technologies. Payback periods for different energy savings measures have been identified and found to be economically viable in most cases. Finally, various energy-saving policies in the world such as USA, China, India …etc have been reviewed.
Malaysia is situated at the equatorial region with an average solar radiation of 400-600 MJ/m 2 p... more Malaysia is situated at the equatorial region with an average solar radiation of 400-600 MJ/m 2 per month. It has a promising potential to establish large scale solar power installations; however, solar energy is still at the infancy stage due to the high cost of photovoltaic (PV) cells and solar electricity tariff rate. The Malaysian government is keen to develop solar energy as one of the significant sources of energy in the country. According to the 9th Malaysia Plan (9MP), a large allocation had been dedicated for implementation of solar PV systems. On 25th July 2005, a Malaysian Building Integrated Photovoltaic (MBIPV) project had been announced and it was planned to end by 2010. The project consists of three categories which include: BIPV demonstration, national "SURIA1000" and BIPV showcase. Greater emphasis will be placed on energy efficiency under the Tenth Malaysia Plan (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015). This paper discusses present and future situation of solar power in Malaysia, utilization of solar energy and the strategies taken by the Malaysian government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) to promote solar energy thermal applications and electricity power generation in the future.
Presently, solar energy conversion is widely used to generate heat and produce electricity. A com... more Presently, solar energy conversion is widely used to generate heat and produce electricity. A comparative study on the world energy consumption released by International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that in 2050, solar array installations will supply around 45% of energy demand in the world. It was found that solar thermal is getting remarkable popularity in industrial applications. Solar thermal is an alternative to generate electricity, process chemicals or even space heating. It can be used in food, non-metallic, textile, building, chemical or even business related industries. On the other hand, solar electricity is wildly applied in telecommunication, agricultural, water desalination and building industry to operate lights, pumps, engines, fans, refrigerators and water heaters.
International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013
ABSTRACT A numerical study has been carried out to present flow field, temperature and concentrat... more ABSTRACT A numerical study has been carried out to present flow field, temperature and concentration distribution in a triangular enclosed space with corrugated base surface using finite element method. The cavity consists of an absorber plate and two inclined glass covers. At the base corrugated wall high concentrations and temperature are considered. The study was done for various wave lengths (0.1, ≤, λ, ≤, 1.0), thermal Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 105) and Prandtl number (0.071, ≤, Pr, ≤, 7). Isotherms, iso-concentration, streamlines, overall Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are obtained for the aforesaid parameters. It is found that wave length plays a dominant role on flow strength for any Rayleigh numbers. Variation of Prandtl number becomes significant for greater values of Rayleigh numbers and multiple cells are formed at the lowest value of Prandtl number.
Thermodynamic losses usually take place in machineries used for agricultural activities. Therefor... more Thermodynamic losses usually take place in machineries used for agricultural activities. Therefore, it is important to identify and quantify the losses in order to devise strategies or policies to reduce them. An exergy analysis is a tool that can identify the losses occurred in any sector. In this study, an analysis has been carried out to estimate energy and exergy consumption of the agricultural sector in Malaysia. Energy and exergy efficiencies have been determined for the devices used in the agricultural sector of Malaysia, where petrol, diesel and fuel oil are used to run the machineries. Energy and exergy flow diagrams for the overall efficiencies of Malaysian agricultural sector are presented as well. The average overall energy and exergy efficiencies of this sector were found to be 22% and 20.728%, respectively, within the period from 1991 to 2009. These figures were found to be lower than those of Norway but higher than Turkey.
In this paper an analysis of energy use and energy conservation in the Malaysian rubber producing... more In this paper an analysis of energy use and energy conservation in the Malaysian rubber producing industries is presented. It has been found that rubber industries consume a substantial amount of energy. Excessive use of energy is usually associated with many industrial plants worldwide, and rubber plants are no exception. This study is based on the realization that enormous potential exists for cost-effective improvements in the existing energy-using equipment. Through the method of a walkthrough energy audit, power rating, operation time of energy-consuming equipment/machineries and power factor were collected. The data were then analyzed to investigate the breakdown of end-use equipment/machineries energy use. The results of the energy audit in the Malaysian rubber and rubber producing industries showed that the electric motor accounts for a major fraction of total energy consumption followed by pumps, heaters, cooling systems and lighting. Since the electric motor takes up a substantial amount of the total energy used in rubber industries, energy-savings strategies such as the use of high efficient motors, and variable speed drive (VSD) have been used to reduce energy consumption of motors used in rubber industries. Energy-savings strategies for compressed-air systems, boilers, and chillers have also been applied to estimate energy and cost savings. It has been found that significant amount of energy and; utility bills can be saved along with the reduction of emission by applying the foretold strategies for energy using machineries in the rubber industries.
Mechanical treatment process by superficial plastic deformation is employed for finished mechanic... more Mechanical treatment process by superficial plastic deformation is employed for finished mechanical part surface. It introduces structural modifications that offer to basic material new properties witch give a high quality of physical and geometrical on superficial layers. This study focuses on the application of burnishing treatment (ball burnishing) on XC48 steel and parameters optimisation of treatment regime. Three important parameters were considered: burnishing force "P y ", burnishing feed "f" and ball radius "r". An empirical model has been developed to illustrate the relationship between these parameters and superficial layer characteristics defined by surface roughness "R a " and superficial hardness "H v ". A program was developed in order to determine the optimum treatment regimes for each characteristic.
IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, 2002
Abstract The three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) generation is the heart of the inverter sys... more Abstract The three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) generation is the heart of the inverter system. Its main function is to control the switching sequence of the power devices according to per-loaded instruction. Using field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology all the functions can be implemented in a single chip. The implementation tool fit the entered design into the target device (XC4008E). It will compile a design file into a configuration file that is optimized using logic gates and interconnections for the target device. Design ...
2009 International Conference for Technical Postgraduates (TECHPOS), 2009
This paper presents the design and implementation of a level detector. Silometer is an electromec... more This paper presents the design and implementation of a level detector. Silometer is an electromechanical level detector which can measure the level in silos, tanks, bunkers and any kind of containers, depending on the sensing weight and strain force. The Silometer is mostly applicable in dusty, harsh and coarse environments, but it is also useful to be employed in other environments such as in liquid and so on.
Renewable energy sources can be a good substitute of the fossil fuels which are being terminated ... more Renewable energy sources can be a good substitute of the fossil fuels which are being terminated fast. Nowadays biomass and biofuels are considered because of their environment friendly characteristics and their ability of supplying much more energy. An alternative means to select the most efficient and convenient biomass, is exergy analysis. The present paper has reviewed the existent surveys on the exergy analysis of different kind of biomass included the woody biomass, herbaceous and agricultural biomass, aquatic biomass, contaminated biomass and industrial biomass. The most common thermochemical processes are investigated and the efficiency of the different process and various kinds of biomass are determined.
An industrial sector uses more energy than any other end-use sectors and currently this sector is... more An industrial sector uses more energy than any other end-use sectors and currently this sector is consuming about 37% of the world's total delivered energy. Energy is consumed in the industrial sector by a diverse group of industries including manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and construction and for a wide range of activities, such as processing and assembly, space conditioning, and lighting. This paper describes a comprehensive literature review about industrial energy saving by management, technologies and policies. Latest literatures in terms of thesis (MS and PhD), journal articles, conference proceedings, web materials, reports, books, handbooks on industrial energy management, policies and energy savings strategies have been compiled. Energy saving by management including energy audit, training programs and housekeeping beside some energy management practices in the world has been reviewed. Energy saving technologies, such as use of high efficiency motors (HEMs), variable speed drives (VSDs), economizers, leak prevention and reducing pressure drop has been reviewed. Based on energy saving technologies results, it has been found that in the industrial sectors, a sizeable amount of electric energy, emissions and utility bill can be saved using these technologies. Payback periods for different energy savings measures have been identified and found to be economically viable in most cases. Finally, various energy-saving policies in the world such as USA, China, India …etc have been reviewed.
Malaysia is situated at the equatorial region with an average solar radiation of 400-600 MJ/m 2 p... more Malaysia is situated at the equatorial region with an average solar radiation of 400-600 MJ/m 2 per month. It has a promising potential to establish large scale solar power installations; however, solar energy is still at the infancy stage due to the high cost of photovoltaic (PV) cells and solar electricity tariff rate. The Malaysian government is keen to develop solar energy as one of the significant sources of energy in the country. According to the 9th Malaysia Plan (9MP), a large allocation had been dedicated for implementation of solar PV systems. On 25th July 2005, a Malaysian Building Integrated Photovoltaic (MBIPV) project had been announced and it was planned to end by 2010. The project consists of three categories which include: BIPV demonstration, national "SURIA1000" and BIPV showcase. Greater emphasis will be placed on energy efficiency under the Tenth Malaysia Plan (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015). This paper discusses present and future situation of solar power in Malaysia, utilization of solar energy and the strategies taken by the Malaysian government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) to promote solar energy thermal applications and electricity power generation in the future.
Presently, solar energy conversion is widely used to generate heat and produce electricity. A com... more Presently, solar energy conversion is widely used to generate heat and produce electricity. A comparative study on the world energy consumption released by International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that in 2050, solar array installations will supply around 45% of energy demand in the world. It was found that solar thermal is getting remarkable popularity in industrial applications. Solar thermal is an alternative to generate electricity, process chemicals or even space heating. It can be used in food, non-metallic, textile, building, chemical or even business related industries. On the other hand, solar electricity is wildly applied in telecommunication, agricultural, water desalination and building industry to operate lights, pumps, engines, fans, refrigerators and water heaters.
International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013
ABSTRACT A numerical study has been carried out to present flow field, temperature and concentrat... more ABSTRACT A numerical study has been carried out to present flow field, temperature and concentration distribution in a triangular enclosed space with corrugated base surface using finite element method. The cavity consists of an absorber plate and two inclined glass covers. At the base corrugated wall high concentrations and temperature are considered. The study was done for various wave lengths (0.1, ≤, λ, ≤, 1.0), thermal Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 105) and Prandtl number (0.071, ≤, Pr, ≤, 7). Isotherms, iso-concentration, streamlines, overall Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are obtained for the aforesaid parameters. It is found that wave length plays a dominant role on flow strength for any Rayleigh numbers. Variation of Prandtl number becomes significant for greater values of Rayleigh numbers and multiple cells are formed at the lowest value of Prandtl number.
Thermodynamic losses usually take place in machineries used for agricultural activities. Therefor... more Thermodynamic losses usually take place in machineries used for agricultural activities. Therefore, it is important to identify and quantify the losses in order to devise strategies or policies to reduce them. An exergy analysis is a tool that can identify the losses occurred in any sector. In this study, an analysis has been carried out to estimate energy and exergy consumption of the agricultural sector in Malaysia. Energy and exergy efficiencies have been determined for the devices used in the agricultural sector of Malaysia, where petrol, diesel and fuel oil are used to run the machineries. Energy and exergy flow diagrams for the overall efficiencies of Malaysian agricultural sector are presented as well. The average overall energy and exergy efficiencies of this sector were found to be 22% and 20.728%, respectively, within the period from 1991 to 2009. These figures were found to be lower than those of Norway but higher than Turkey.
In this paper an analysis of energy use and energy conservation in the Malaysian rubber producing... more In this paper an analysis of energy use and energy conservation in the Malaysian rubber producing industries is presented. It has been found that rubber industries consume a substantial amount of energy. Excessive use of energy is usually associated with many industrial plants worldwide, and rubber plants are no exception. This study is based on the realization that enormous potential exists for cost-effective improvements in the existing energy-using equipment. Through the method of a walkthrough energy audit, power rating, operation time of energy-consuming equipment/machineries and power factor were collected. The data were then analyzed to investigate the breakdown of end-use equipment/machineries energy use. The results of the energy audit in the Malaysian rubber and rubber producing industries showed that the electric motor accounts for a major fraction of total energy consumption followed by pumps, heaters, cooling systems and lighting. Since the electric motor takes up a substantial amount of the total energy used in rubber industries, energy-savings strategies such as the use of high efficient motors, and variable speed drive (VSD) have been used to reduce energy consumption of motors used in rubber industries. Energy-savings strategies for compressed-air systems, boilers, and chillers have also been applied to estimate energy and cost savings. It has been found that significant amount of energy and; utility bills can be saved along with the reduction of emission by applying the foretold strategies for energy using machineries in the rubber industries.
Mechanical treatment process by superficial plastic deformation is employed for finished mechanic... more Mechanical treatment process by superficial plastic deformation is employed for finished mechanical part surface. It introduces structural modifications that offer to basic material new properties witch give a high quality of physical and geometrical on superficial layers. This study focuses on the application of burnishing treatment (ball burnishing) on XC48 steel and parameters optimisation of treatment regime. Three important parameters were considered: burnishing force "P y ", burnishing feed "f" and ball radius "r". An empirical model has been developed to illustrate the relationship between these parameters and superficial layer characteristics defined by surface roughness "R a " and superficial hardness "H v ". A program was developed in order to determine the optimum treatment regimes for each characteristic.
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Papers by S. Mekhilef