CJCM 21 - Congrès des Jeunes Chercheur-e-s du Muséum, May 6, 2021
International audienceThe Vergisson IV site, excavated in 1961 by J. Combier, is a small cave whe... more International audienceThe Vergisson IV site, excavated in 1961 by J. Combier, is a small cave where human occupations, mainly attributed to the Middle Palaeolithic (MIS 3-4), have been found. Zooarchaeological, taphonomic and paleontological analyses were carried out on the remains of reindeer, which is the taxon that dominates the faunal assemblage. The objective is therefore to answer several questions: What is the composition of the reindeer populations in the archaeo-sequence? Which are the main agents participating to the reindeer bone assemblage? Is it possible to demonstrate a mixed carnivorous and human occupation within the cave? What are the subsistence behaviour of human occupations and the function of this Middle Palaeolithic site? This Master 2 project is a continuity of the research done in Master 1, which provided initial biochronological and paleoecological results based ona paleontological approach of reindeer assemblage. Moreover, the taphonomic analysis tends to confirm the hypothesis of a mixed occupation (Human-Carnivore) of the site. Indeed, the bone surfaces show a large number of carnivores modifications, indicating their involvement as bone destructor and/or collector agent. However, anthropogenic activities (cutting marks, percussion marks, etc.) are also present, which have to be specify
Resume Le Gravettien des Pouilles constitue une entite culturelle originale dans le contexte des ... more Resume Le Gravettien des Pouilles constitue une entite culturelle originale dans le contexte des chrono-cultures prehistoriques du Paleolithique superieur de l’Italie. Cette situation s’observe, en particulier, dans la sequence gravettienne de la Grotte Paglicci, sur le mont Gargano, dont les series lithiques presentent une evolution originale. Au sein des Pouilles elles-memes, la chrono-sequence de la Grotte Paglicci ne trouvait pas, a ce jour, de gisement de comparaison. La recente decouverte dans le remplissage de la zone SMA-Esterno de la Grotte Santa Maria di Agnano d’une occupation gravettienne permet de revisiter les donnees de la Grotte Paglicci, mais egalement de preciser certains caracteres specifiques du Gravettien des Pouilles. L’industrie lithique des US 9-6 de SMA-Esterno est caracterisee par la presence de nombreux burins sur troncature associes a des pointes a dos rectiligne abrupt de type Gravette ou Vachons. Cette association rappelle l’assemblage de la couche 21 de Paglicci attribue au Gravettien evolue. Les datations C14 pour les deux sites sont d’ailleurs concordantes. Enfin, a la base de la sequence gravettienne de SMA-esterno, l’US 11 a livre des burins diedres de fortes dimensions qui trouvent des homologues dans les couches 23-22 de Paglicci attribuees au Gravettien ancien. L’etude archeozoologique preliminaire a ete realisee sur un echantillon de 2007 restes de grands mammiferes. Le nombre de restes identifies sur les plans taxinomique et anatomique (NRDt) est de 816, soit un taux de determination de 40,7 %. Le spectre faunique comprend 10 taxons, dont 4 especes de Carnivores (Leopard, Loup, Renard, Blaireau), 5 ongules (Cheval, Aurochs, Bouquetin, Cerf et Sanglier) et un leporide (Lievre). Les ongules sont dominants, tant en termes de restes (98,7 % du NRDt) que du nombre minimum d’individus estime (82,4 % du NMI total). Les analyses taphonomiques entreprises indiquent que l’ensemble osseux n’a pas subi de profondes modifications post-depositionnelles : les consequences du weathering sont visibles sur 17 % des surfaces corticales. Les modifications d’origine biologique non anthropique sont rares : 13 % du materiel a ete impacte par les racines de plante et 0,7 % des pieces temoigne d’une activite carnivore. Le lievre peut etre la seule espece, parmi les herbivores, a avoir ete accumulee par un Carnivore. L’analyse des fracturations osseuses et des traces laissees par le tranchant de l’outil lithique demontre que l’ensemble osseux a ete accumule et modifie essentiellement par des groupes humains. La chasse est clairement orientee sur le couple Cheval (Equus caballus)/Aurochs (Bos primigenius) completee tres occasionnellement par le Cerf (Cervus elaphus), le Sanglier (Sus s. scrofa) et le Bouquetin (Capra ibex). Les individus representes sont majoritairement des sub-adultes et des adultes matures. Les occupants du site ont pu acquerir les ressources carnees dans la plaine bordant le rivage de la mer Adriatique et sur le vaste plateau, peu accidente, surmontant le site. Apres un premier traitement sur le site d’abattage, les Gravettiens ont transporte au campement les portions les plus riches sur le plan nutritif suivant les representations squelettiques surrepresentees par les elements du stylopode et du zeugopode. L’etude des activites anthropiques temoigne d’une exploitation poussee des carcasses pour leur viande et le prelevement de la moelle des os longs. Enfin, une recherche particuliere de la graisse provenant du tissu spongieux des epiphyses des os longs et des os courts est proposee.
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Université de Limoges, 2018
International audienceThe South-East of France is a region rich in Middle Palaeolithic sites, mos... more International audienceThe South-East of France is a region rich in Middle Palaeolithic sites, mostly from caves or rock-shelters. Many zooarchaeological studies carried out in this area over the last forty years have made it possible to specify the subsistence and mobility strategies within territories. Two main geographical areas are distinguished: the Mediterranean realm (Languedoc to Alpes-Maritimes); and the Rhône river with on both sides the foothills of the Alps and the Massif Central. The archeo-sequences of the Middle Palaeolithic record nearly 250,000 years of human occupations (MIS 9 to MIS 3). Sites are mainly seasonal camps, with various dwelling activities, varying according to the duration of the stays. From bivouacs to longer-term residential sites, Neanderthals demonstrate a high adaptive ability, in close connection with the topography and the distribution of lithic and animal resources. Animal exploitation is above all local, with a high degree of seasonal mobility within the territory, focusing on medium and large size herbivores (cervids, bovids, equids), with scarce case of small game consumption.Le Sud-Est de la France est une région riche en sites du Paléolithique moyen, la plupart en grottes ou abris-sous-roches. Les nombreuses études archéozoologique menées dans cette région au cours des quarante dernières années ont permis de préciser les stratégies de subsistance et de mobilité au sein des territoires. Deux grandes zones géographiques sont distinguées : le pourtour méditerranéen (du Languedoc aux Alpes-Maritimes) et la vallée du Rhône avec de part et d’autre les contreforts montagneux des Alpes et du Massif Central. Les archéo-séquences du Paléolithique moyen enregistrent près de 250 000 ans d’occupations humaines (MIS 9 au MIS 3). Les sites sont pour la plupart des habitats de type « camps saisonniers », témoignant de multiples activités domestiques variant essentiellement en fonction des durées de séjour. Des bivouacs aux occupations résidentielles plus pérennes, les néandertaliens montrent un très grand potentiel adaptatif, en lien étroit avec la topographie et la distribution des ressources animales et lithiques. L’exploitation animale est avant tout locale, avec un fort degré de mobilité saisonnière au sein du territoire, centrée sur les grands herbivores (cervidés, bovidés, équidés), avec de rares exemples de consommation de petit gibier
International audienceIn this paper we present the results of an integrated approach combining zo... more International audienceIn this paper we present the results of an integrated approach combining zooarchaeological, technological and macroscopic use-wear analyses carried out on the osseous material assemblage of Cervus elaphus recovered in the Early Neolithic site of Colle Santo Stefano (Italy). This study, inedited for the Neolithic Italian contexts, seeks to examine the available data on red deer exploitation strategies in order to highlight the relationship between animal acquisition for alimentary consumption and its treatment and transformation for domestic purposes by the first agro-pastoral societies. Despite the limited sample, the results obtained allowed to define not only alimentary-technical imbrication but also the existent relationship with the other techno-complexes recovered in the site
Le Quaternaire se caracterise par des oscillations climatiques plus marquees qu’au Paleogene et a... more Le Quaternaire se caracterise par des oscillations climatiques plus marquees qu’au Paleogene et au Neogene. Les variations de rythmicite et d’amplitude de ces oscillations se repercutent sur les biomes terrestres eurasiatiques, et indirectement sur les faunes et les groupes humains parcourant la zone palearctique. Une transition marquee se deroule entre le Pleistocene inferieur et moyen. En France, les premiers peuplements sont contemporains du biochrone de l’Epivillafranchien, c'est-a-dire le Pleistocene inferieur terminal. En concurrence avec les grands carnivores, les groupes humains ont un acces secondaire aux carcasses. En revanche, a partir du Pleistocene moyen, les groupes humains acheuleens en Europe de l’Ouest sont caracterises par une grande variabilite de leurs comportements et un changement notable dans la hierarchie des predateurs, consequence de leur bonne aptitude a developper plusieurs techniques de chasse. Parallelement, les strategies et techniques d’exploitation des carcasses se complexifient.
The Tournal Cave (southern France) presents an important Late Pleistocene stratigraphic record of... more The Tournal Cave (southern France) presents an important Late Pleistocene stratigraphic record of human occupations dated to the Late-Middle (Mousterian culture) and Upper Palaeolithic (Aurignacian and Magdalenian cultures). This study intends to give a taphonomic overview of the large ungulate bone assemblages. Around 12,500 large mammal remains have been studied. Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and horse (Equus caballus) were the primary prey taxa. In general terms, the faunal assemblage reveals a low degree of "weathering" and a wide variation of carnivore and hominid modifications in the different layers. Mousterian and Aurignacian units suggest multiple short-term human occupations that occurred at various seasons throughout the year alternating with carnivores. According to prey body part representation and mark frequencies, carnivores sometimes gained primary access to bones while denning, and secondarily accessed discarded bones after hominids left the site. Analysis ...
In several Lower Palaeolithic sites of Southeastern France (i.e. Bois-de-Riquet, Terra Amata), He... more In several Lower Palaeolithic sites of Southeastern France (i.e. Bois-de-Riquet, Terra Amata), Heavy-Duty-Tools bear use-wears on their cutting edges. The Techno-Morpho-Functional analysis of these pieces allows to propose a mode of action in launched percussion. This hypothesis was test with specific experimental baseline, dedicated to basalt and limestone. First results show a diagnostic of the launched percussive motion higher for limestone than basalt, for which further developments and experiments still need to be performed.
The study of ungulate assemblages is essential to understand hominins and carnivore behavior and ... more The study of ungulate assemblages is essential to understand hominins and carnivore behavior and interactions. For this reason, many studies involve the taphonomic analysis of faunal remains, focusing on the identification of the various biotic actors. This study looks at the horse assemblages from Mousterian and Aurignacian Units I, II and III from Bize-Tournal cave with the aim to characterizing the nature of this accumulation. Here we show that the horse remains in these units are mainly the consequence of carnivoran activity. Unit II also clearly evidences the fact that the assemblage is the result of hyena activity. Our analysis indicates a predominance of cranial remains and lower long limb bones (metapodials). The mortality profiles of the three units are different, although two are classic of a cursorial predator. Taphonomical and statistical analysis indicated that carnivores were the main modifying agent at the three units. Our results demonstrate that hominins played a mi...
Abstract Through the work of historians and zooarchaeologists, French medieval butchery, its regu... more Abstract Through the work of historians and zooarchaeologists, French medieval butchery, its regulations, skills, prices and products offered for sale are well known, especially from the 13th and 14th centuries. Nevertheless, the consumer of the high Middle Ages as well as his culinary practices are relatively unknown. This zooarchaeological study of Petra Castellana castrum (11th−12th centuries AD), in particular bone density and animal utility indices, has shed light on the supply systems and culinary practices of an area of the site. The contribution of textual sources has also been decisive in contextualizing and interpreting the results. This paper puts forward the preparation of two different types of meat cuts: (1) a preliminary cut favouring equally sized pieces of meat, followed by (2) a cooking cut which, on the contrary, was adapted to the different kinds of meat.
For thirty years, neotaphonomical and actualistic researches have greatly contributed to our know... more For thirty years, neotaphonomical and actualistic researches have greatly contributed to our knowledge of the deposit processes of archaeological and palaeontological assemblages. Carnivores sensu lato are the most important bone accumulator or secondary taphonomical agent. Most of neotaphonomical studies have been developed on hyenas because of their osteophagic and accumulator behaviour. However interest focused on other carnivores is unequalled. If extant wolves are more frequently studied, osteophagy in mediumsized canids (e.g. dhole, wild dog) is rarely documented. Nevertheless, their implication in bone assemblage formation and modification is regularly questioned (e.g. Cuon priscus and alpinus during Middle and Late Pleistocene, Xenocyon sp. during Lower Pleistocene). This paper presents wild dogs Lycaon pictus experimental feedings we developed in order to record osteophagic poten tiality in mediumsized canids (fragmentation, tooth marks, bone ingestion/digestion). Here we present preliminary analysis of four experiments (about four complete goats) focused on two wild dog packs (a total of ten individuals) in collaboration with the African Reserve of Sigean (France). Results allow us to highlight first criteria which characterize a mediumsized canid taphonomical model.
CJCM 21 - Congrès des Jeunes Chercheur-e-s du Muséum, May 6, 2021
International audienceThe Vergisson IV site, excavated in 1961 by J. Combier, is a small cave whe... more International audienceThe Vergisson IV site, excavated in 1961 by J. Combier, is a small cave where human occupations, mainly attributed to the Middle Palaeolithic (MIS 3-4), have been found. Zooarchaeological, taphonomic and paleontological analyses were carried out on the remains of reindeer, which is the taxon that dominates the faunal assemblage. The objective is therefore to answer several questions: What is the composition of the reindeer populations in the archaeo-sequence? Which are the main agents participating to the reindeer bone assemblage? Is it possible to demonstrate a mixed carnivorous and human occupation within the cave? What are the subsistence behaviour of human occupations and the function of this Middle Palaeolithic site? This Master 2 project is a continuity of the research done in Master 1, which provided initial biochronological and paleoecological results based ona paleontological approach of reindeer assemblage. Moreover, the taphonomic analysis tends to confirm the hypothesis of a mixed occupation (Human-Carnivore) of the site. Indeed, the bone surfaces show a large number of carnivores modifications, indicating their involvement as bone destructor and/or collector agent. However, anthropogenic activities (cutting marks, percussion marks, etc.) are also present, which have to be specify
Resume Le Gravettien des Pouilles constitue une entite culturelle originale dans le contexte des ... more Resume Le Gravettien des Pouilles constitue une entite culturelle originale dans le contexte des chrono-cultures prehistoriques du Paleolithique superieur de l’Italie. Cette situation s’observe, en particulier, dans la sequence gravettienne de la Grotte Paglicci, sur le mont Gargano, dont les series lithiques presentent une evolution originale. Au sein des Pouilles elles-memes, la chrono-sequence de la Grotte Paglicci ne trouvait pas, a ce jour, de gisement de comparaison. La recente decouverte dans le remplissage de la zone SMA-Esterno de la Grotte Santa Maria di Agnano d’une occupation gravettienne permet de revisiter les donnees de la Grotte Paglicci, mais egalement de preciser certains caracteres specifiques du Gravettien des Pouilles. L’industrie lithique des US 9-6 de SMA-Esterno est caracterisee par la presence de nombreux burins sur troncature associes a des pointes a dos rectiligne abrupt de type Gravette ou Vachons. Cette association rappelle l’assemblage de la couche 21 de Paglicci attribue au Gravettien evolue. Les datations C14 pour les deux sites sont d’ailleurs concordantes. Enfin, a la base de la sequence gravettienne de SMA-esterno, l’US 11 a livre des burins diedres de fortes dimensions qui trouvent des homologues dans les couches 23-22 de Paglicci attribuees au Gravettien ancien. L’etude archeozoologique preliminaire a ete realisee sur un echantillon de 2007 restes de grands mammiferes. Le nombre de restes identifies sur les plans taxinomique et anatomique (NRDt) est de 816, soit un taux de determination de 40,7 %. Le spectre faunique comprend 10 taxons, dont 4 especes de Carnivores (Leopard, Loup, Renard, Blaireau), 5 ongules (Cheval, Aurochs, Bouquetin, Cerf et Sanglier) et un leporide (Lievre). Les ongules sont dominants, tant en termes de restes (98,7 % du NRDt) que du nombre minimum d’individus estime (82,4 % du NMI total). Les analyses taphonomiques entreprises indiquent que l’ensemble osseux n’a pas subi de profondes modifications post-depositionnelles : les consequences du weathering sont visibles sur 17 % des surfaces corticales. Les modifications d’origine biologique non anthropique sont rares : 13 % du materiel a ete impacte par les racines de plante et 0,7 % des pieces temoigne d’une activite carnivore. Le lievre peut etre la seule espece, parmi les herbivores, a avoir ete accumulee par un Carnivore. L’analyse des fracturations osseuses et des traces laissees par le tranchant de l’outil lithique demontre que l’ensemble osseux a ete accumule et modifie essentiellement par des groupes humains. La chasse est clairement orientee sur le couple Cheval (Equus caballus)/Aurochs (Bos primigenius) completee tres occasionnellement par le Cerf (Cervus elaphus), le Sanglier (Sus s. scrofa) et le Bouquetin (Capra ibex). Les individus representes sont majoritairement des sub-adultes et des adultes matures. Les occupants du site ont pu acquerir les ressources carnees dans la plaine bordant le rivage de la mer Adriatique et sur le vaste plateau, peu accidente, surmontant le site. Apres un premier traitement sur le site d’abattage, les Gravettiens ont transporte au campement les portions les plus riches sur le plan nutritif suivant les representations squelettiques surrepresentees par les elements du stylopode et du zeugopode. L’etude des activites anthropiques temoigne d’une exploitation poussee des carcasses pour leur viande et le prelevement de la moelle des os longs. Enfin, une recherche particuliere de la graisse provenant du tissu spongieux des epiphyses des os longs et des os courts est proposee.
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Université de Limoges, 2018
International audienceThe South-East of France is a region rich in Middle Palaeolithic sites, mos... more International audienceThe South-East of France is a region rich in Middle Palaeolithic sites, mostly from caves or rock-shelters. Many zooarchaeological studies carried out in this area over the last forty years have made it possible to specify the subsistence and mobility strategies within territories. Two main geographical areas are distinguished: the Mediterranean realm (Languedoc to Alpes-Maritimes); and the Rhône river with on both sides the foothills of the Alps and the Massif Central. The archeo-sequences of the Middle Palaeolithic record nearly 250,000 years of human occupations (MIS 9 to MIS 3). Sites are mainly seasonal camps, with various dwelling activities, varying according to the duration of the stays. From bivouacs to longer-term residential sites, Neanderthals demonstrate a high adaptive ability, in close connection with the topography and the distribution of lithic and animal resources. Animal exploitation is above all local, with a high degree of seasonal mobility within the territory, focusing on medium and large size herbivores (cervids, bovids, equids), with scarce case of small game consumption.Le Sud-Est de la France est une région riche en sites du Paléolithique moyen, la plupart en grottes ou abris-sous-roches. Les nombreuses études archéozoologique menées dans cette région au cours des quarante dernières années ont permis de préciser les stratégies de subsistance et de mobilité au sein des territoires. Deux grandes zones géographiques sont distinguées : le pourtour méditerranéen (du Languedoc aux Alpes-Maritimes) et la vallée du Rhône avec de part et d’autre les contreforts montagneux des Alpes et du Massif Central. Les archéo-séquences du Paléolithique moyen enregistrent près de 250 000 ans d’occupations humaines (MIS 9 au MIS 3). Les sites sont pour la plupart des habitats de type « camps saisonniers », témoignant de multiples activités domestiques variant essentiellement en fonction des durées de séjour. Des bivouacs aux occupations résidentielles plus pérennes, les néandertaliens montrent un très grand potentiel adaptatif, en lien étroit avec la topographie et la distribution des ressources animales et lithiques. L’exploitation animale est avant tout locale, avec un fort degré de mobilité saisonnière au sein du territoire, centrée sur les grands herbivores (cervidés, bovidés, équidés), avec de rares exemples de consommation de petit gibier
International audienceIn this paper we present the results of an integrated approach combining zo... more International audienceIn this paper we present the results of an integrated approach combining zooarchaeological, technological and macroscopic use-wear analyses carried out on the osseous material assemblage of Cervus elaphus recovered in the Early Neolithic site of Colle Santo Stefano (Italy). This study, inedited for the Neolithic Italian contexts, seeks to examine the available data on red deer exploitation strategies in order to highlight the relationship between animal acquisition for alimentary consumption and its treatment and transformation for domestic purposes by the first agro-pastoral societies. Despite the limited sample, the results obtained allowed to define not only alimentary-technical imbrication but also the existent relationship with the other techno-complexes recovered in the site
Le Quaternaire se caracterise par des oscillations climatiques plus marquees qu’au Paleogene et a... more Le Quaternaire se caracterise par des oscillations climatiques plus marquees qu’au Paleogene et au Neogene. Les variations de rythmicite et d’amplitude de ces oscillations se repercutent sur les biomes terrestres eurasiatiques, et indirectement sur les faunes et les groupes humains parcourant la zone palearctique. Une transition marquee se deroule entre le Pleistocene inferieur et moyen. En France, les premiers peuplements sont contemporains du biochrone de l’Epivillafranchien, c'est-a-dire le Pleistocene inferieur terminal. En concurrence avec les grands carnivores, les groupes humains ont un acces secondaire aux carcasses. En revanche, a partir du Pleistocene moyen, les groupes humains acheuleens en Europe de l’Ouest sont caracterises par une grande variabilite de leurs comportements et un changement notable dans la hierarchie des predateurs, consequence de leur bonne aptitude a developper plusieurs techniques de chasse. Parallelement, les strategies et techniques d’exploitation des carcasses se complexifient.
The Tournal Cave (southern France) presents an important Late Pleistocene stratigraphic record of... more The Tournal Cave (southern France) presents an important Late Pleistocene stratigraphic record of human occupations dated to the Late-Middle (Mousterian culture) and Upper Palaeolithic (Aurignacian and Magdalenian cultures). This study intends to give a taphonomic overview of the large ungulate bone assemblages. Around 12,500 large mammal remains have been studied. Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and horse (Equus caballus) were the primary prey taxa. In general terms, the faunal assemblage reveals a low degree of "weathering" and a wide variation of carnivore and hominid modifications in the different layers. Mousterian and Aurignacian units suggest multiple short-term human occupations that occurred at various seasons throughout the year alternating with carnivores. According to prey body part representation and mark frequencies, carnivores sometimes gained primary access to bones while denning, and secondarily accessed discarded bones after hominids left the site. Analysis ...
In several Lower Palaeolithic sites of Southeastern France (i.e. Bois-de-Riquet, Terra Amata), He... more In several Lower Palaeolithic sites of Southeastern France (i.e. Bois-de-Riquet, Terra Amata), Heavy-Duty-Tools bear use-wears on their cutting edges. The Techno-Morpho-Functional analysis of these pieces allows to propose a mode of action in launched percussion. This hypothesis was test with specific experimental baseline, dedicated to basalt and limestone. First results show a diagnostic of the launched percussive motion higher for limestone than basalt, for which further developments and experiments still need to be performed.
The study of ungulate assemblages is essential to understand hominins and carnivore behavior and ... more The study of ungulate assemblages is essential to understand hominins and carnivore behavior and interactions. For this reason, many studies involve the taphonomic analysis of faunal remains, focusing on the identification of the various biotic actors. This study looks at the horse assemblages from Mousterian and Aurignacian Units I, II and III from Bize-Tournal cave with the aim to characterizing the nature of this accumulation. Here we show that the horse remains in these units are mainly the consequence of carnivoran activity. Unit II also clearly evidences the fact that the assemblage is the result of hyena activity. Our analysis indicates a predominance of cranial remains and lower long limb bones (metapodials). The mortality profiles of the three units are different, although two are classic of a cursorial predator. Taphonomical and statistical analysis indicated that carnivores were the main modifying agent at the three units. Our results demonstrate that hominins played a mi...
Abstract Through the work of historians and zooarchaeologists, French medieval butchery, its regu... more Abstract Through the work of historians and zooarchaeologists, French medieval butchery, its regulations, skills, prices and products offered for sale are well known, especially from the 13th and 14th centuries. Nevertheless, the consumer of the high Middle Ages as well as his culinary practices are relatively unknown. This zooarchaeological study of Petra Castellana castrum (11th−12th centuries AD), in particular bone density and animal utility indices, has shed light on the supply systems and culinary practices of an area of the site. The contribution of textual sources has also been decisive in contextualizing and interpreting the results. This paper puts forward the preparation of two different types of meat cuts: (1) a preliminary cut favouring equally sized pieces of meat, followed by (2) a cooking cut which, on the contrary, was adapted to the different kinds of meat.
For thirty years, neotaphonomical and actualistic researches have greatly contributed to our know... more For thirty years, neotaphonomical and actualistic researches have greatly contributed to our knowledge of the deposit processes of archaeological and palaeontological assemblages. Carnivores sensu lato are the most important bone accumulator or secondary taphonomical agent. Most of neotaphonomical studies have been developed on hyenas because of their osteophagic and accumulator behaviour. However interest focused on other carnivores is unequalled. If extant wolves are more frequently studied, osteophagy in mediumsized canids (e.g. dhole, wild dog) is rarely documented. Nevertheless, their implication in bone assemblage formation and modification is regularly questioned (e.g. Cuon priscus and alpinus during Middle and Late Pleistocene, Xenocyon sp. during Lower Pleistocene). This paper presents wild dogs Lycaon pictus experimental feedings we developed in order to record osteophagic poten tiality in mediumsized canids (fragmentation, tooth marks, bone ingestion/digestion). Here we present preliminary analysis of four experiments (about four complete goats) focused on two wild dog packs (a total of ten individuals) in collaboration with the African Reserve of Sigean (France). Results allow us to highlight first criteria which characterize a mediumsized canid taphonomical model.
Les dépôts quaternaires du site ont été datés entre 690ka BP et 90ka BP. Ils couvrent des période... more Les dépôts quaternaires du site ont été datés entre 690ka BP et 90ka BP. Ils couvrent des périodes aux conditions environnementales changeantes (de Lumley et al., 1984; Falguères et al., 2004 Falguères et al., , 2010). Les études stratigraphiques mettent en évidence trois complexes divisés en plusieurs ensembles. Les restes fossiles considérés proviennent des ensembles stratigraphiques I (CM1), II (CM2) et III (CM3) du complexe moyen. CM1 est corrélé au MIS14 et la communauté mammalienne est dominée par Rangifer tarandus et Ovis ammon antiqua. Le CM2 est rapporté au MIS13. Les restes de Cervus elaphus et Dama clactoniana sont majoritaires. Le CM3 présente une association d'ongulés plus diversifiée avec Stephanorhinus hemitoechus, Equus ferus mosbachensis, Bison priscus, O. a. antiqua, Hemitragus bonali, Praeovibos priscus, C. elaphus et R. tarandus (Crégut, 1979; Lister, 1990; Pernaud, 1990; Moigne et al., 2006). En accord avec les données paléontologiques, palynologiques et sédimentologiques, le paysage correspond à une toundra-steppe plus ou moins sèche dans le CM1 et le CM3 tandis que le CM2 renvoie à un climat plus tempéré, de type méditerranéen.
The Quaternary deposits of the cave were dated between 690 kyr BP and 90 kyr BP and cover various... more The Quaternary deposits of the cave were dated between 690 kyr BP and 90 kyr BP and cover various climatic changes (de Lumley et al., 1984; Falguères et al., 2004 Falguères et al., , 2010)). Stratigraphic studies show three complexes divided in several Units. The fossil samples come from the stratigraphic Unit I (CM1) and the stratigraphic Unit III (CM3) of the middle complex. CM1 is correlated to MIS 14 (570-530 kyr BP) and the faunal community is dominated by Rangifer tarandus and Ovis ammon antiqua (Moigne et al., 2006). CM3 is correlated to MIS 12 (480-400 kyr BP). The ungulate association is more diversified with Stephanorhinus hemitoechus, Equus ferus mosbachensis, Bison priscus, O. a. antiqua, Hemitragus bonali, Praeovibos priscus, Cervus elaphus and R. tarandus (Moigne et al., 2006). According to the palaeontological, palynological and sedimentological studies, the landscape was tundra to steppe-like. Antler I9.IAP6.408 NISP 1281 NISP 4412 NISP 598 Conclusion References
Bone assemblages analysis, including bone breakage patterns (fragmentation, fractures), suggest h... more Bone assemblages analysis, including bone breakage patterns (fragmentation, fractures), suggest hyena den models but… anthropic evidence were determinated for large bovids, horse and reindeer remains and thousands of lithic artefacts were found.
Colle Santo Stefano, situated on the shores of the Fucino paleolake, has provided an exceptionall... more Colle Santo Stefano, situated on the shores of the Fucino paleolake, has provided an exceptionally rich hard animal material industry belonging to the oldest phase of Neolithic in central-east Italy, at ca. 5800 cal BC. Faunal remains attest an economy predominantly addressed toward the exploitation of caprines, but also of cattle and pig. Hunting activities integrated the economy providing complementary resources: wild boars, red deer as well as roe deer, chamois and other small carnivores. An interdisciplinary approach, integrating technological and archaeozoological data, has been conducted on the exploitation strategies of red deer, enriching our knowledge about its role in the first Neolithic groups. The analysis has taken into account animal acquisition and exploitation strategies, allowing verifying the possible interdependence between the alimentary and technical spheres for the tools manufacturing. The technological analysis has been carried out taking into account all the products of the chaînes opératoires: blanks, wastes and finished products. Although their modest amount, their presence at Colle Santo Stefano confirms that at least part of the equipment had been manufactured in situ, providing essential information to the reconstruction of the techno-economic sequence.
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Papers by Pierre Magniez
An interdisciplinary approach, integrating technological and archaeozoological data, has been conducted on the exploitation strategies of red deer, enriching our knowledge about its role in the first Neolithic groups. The analysis has taken into account animal acquisition and exploitation strategies, allowing verifying the possible interdependence between the alimentary and technical spheres for the tools manufacturing.
The technological analysis has been carried out taking into account all the products of the chaînes opératoires: blanks, wastes and finished products. Although their modest amount, their presence at Colle Santo Stefano confirms that at least part of the equipment had been manufactured in situ, providing essential information to the reconstruction of the techno-economic sequence.