ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies, Mar 14, 2023
The primary goal of this study is to increase readers' understanding of assessment for language l... more The primary goal of this study is to increase readers' understanding of assessment for language learning and development, particularly as it relates to morphology for students of EFL (English as a Foreign Language). We also consider noting the many assessment methods that might be employed to determine how well EFL students understand morphology. Second, we'll go over a variety of language-improvement strategies that we could use to help EFL students better understand English morphology. We'll look at a few benefits of peer evaluation for EFL learners' vocabulary and morphological comprehension in the third segment. This study will go over peer assessment's benefits, the process of language improvement in English morphology, and evaluation as a critical component of language learning.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies, Aug 10, 2021
The purpose of this study is to decipher the postmodern development of subaltern studies to find ... more The purpose of this study is to decipher the postmodern development of subaltern studies to find out the past and present state of the subalternity so that today's students, teachers, researchers, scholars, and critics of English literature can apply the theories and the approaches of subaltern studies. To find out the inner meaning of subaltern writing creatively and critically, literary genres can be interpreted in the light of subaltern studies that reflect the social environment. To investigate Literature concerning the theme of subaltern studies, teachers, students, scholars, and critics ought to be devoted to going into the deeper meanings of the literary texts. To understand borders and borderlands, the study aims to focus on the contemporary political challenges of the world very faithfully. Conflicts of borders and borderlands in the light of Indian literature and Albanian literature by Ismail Kadare in English have been given priority.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jul 1, 2021
wrote perhaps the most complex, most interesting essay on the process of translation under the ti... more wrote perhaps the most complex, most interesting essay on the process of translation under the title The Task of the Translator in 1923. This very complex work of literary and translation theory has been analysed and referred to by several literary scholars in the past almost 100 years, the Belgian-American literary scholar Paul de Man among them. The present research article makes an attempt to present a comparative analysis based on close reading of the texts between Benjamin's original essay and Paul de Man's commentary, figuring out the possible (and necessary) contradictions and ambiguities of the text, trying to find the answer to the question whether or not translation, at least in the successful sense of the word, exist at all. Deconstructionist way of reading literary and theoretical texts may give multiple answers to the questions about translation, and demonstrate the possibility and impossibility of translation at the same time. WALTER BENJAMIN: The task of the literary translator (Scanning the primary text) Right at the beginning of his well-known and paradigmatic essay, Walter Benjamin rejects the notion of the ideal recipient, as if he were to consider poetry as existing for its own sake rather than being addressed to the reader in particularhe calls it pure language (ReineSprache). According to his thesis, the translator must go beyond conveying the message of the literary work. A translation that only conveys the message of the work is not a good translation. Linguistic expressions are in some respects untranslatable, some works are essentially translatable, while others do not yield to the intention of translation. A translated text is a text that has a life of its own in relation to the original work, since it was written later than the original text. The translation owes its very existence to the glory of the original work, i.e. its exceptional aesthetic value, since the original work is a text that has been found worthy of being lifted out of its own linguistic and cultural environment and transplanted into a foreign culture by means of translation. Benjamin argues that languages are related to each other in what they want to say, and that translation expresses this. That is, despite superficial differences, human languages function in a very similar way, and it is this similarity of function, as a kind of anthropological unitythat makes the phenomenon of translation itself possible.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies, Mar 2, 2019
In this paper we are going to elaborate in details the difference between authenticity and plagia... more In this paper we are going to elaborate in details the difference between authenticity and plagiarism and also provide some selected sample materials from authentic and non-authentic academic papers published in some of the selected hijacked journals and also publications stored in different online repositories, as well as different search engines and libraries. Also, a special emphasis will be given to general and specific plagiarism detector software which nowadays enable researchers and academic students to authenticate their own work or the work of the others. There is, however, a malfunction of such software which are not linked fully with the web search engines or are partly linked or encrypted, thus allowing texts to be concealed or in other words not be shown up in search in public with Managers' visions. Furthermore, we are going to present an analysis of gathered data in charts and tabular forms from different samples of academic papers on Managers' visions and also results from a specifically designed questionnaire regarding the unethical act called plagiarism and its negative effects and causes.
узбекского языка, литературы и фольклора, Ташкент, Узбекистан * Корреспондирующий автор (arburim.... more узбекского языка, литературы и фольклора, Ташкент, Узбекистан * Корреспондирующий автор (arburim.iseni[at]unite.edu.mk) Аннотация На протяжении всей истории мировой литературы писатели стремились экспериментировать с различными литературными приемами, чтобы сделать свое произведение уникальным и выдержать испытание временем таким образом, чтобы оно могло постоянно подвергаться анализу. Роман «Заводной апельсин», опубликованный в 1962 году, демонстрирует языковые эксперименты в отличие от других, в которых автор изобрел английский словарь под влиянием русского языка, Надсат, который подростковые персонажи книги используют в антиутопическом будущем английского общества. В нашей статье мы попытаемся проиллюстрировать этот аспект и проанализировать, повлиял ли какой-либо социальный или политический фон на то, что Берджесс предпринял такую задачу, или это была просто игра в слова, которую хотел сформулировать страстный лингвист. Принимая во внимание, что роман представляет собой литературное произведение без отказов, содержащее значительное количество сцен насилия, мы обсудим возможность того, что вышеупомянутый словарь может быть извлечен из порочной молодежи. Ключевые слова: надсат, русский язык, английский язык, антиутопическое общество.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Apr 3, 2018
Business English is a part of English for specific purposes and can be considered a specialism wi... more Business English is a part of English for specific purposes and can be considered a specialism within English language learning and teaching. Many non-native English speakers study the subject with the goal of doing business with English-speaking countries, or with companies located outside the English-speaking world but which nonetheless use English as a shared language or lingua franca. Much of the English communication that takes place within business circles all over the world occurs between non-native speakers. In cases such as these, the object of the exercise is efficient and effective communication. The strict rules of grammar are in such cases sometimes ignored, when, for example, a stressed negotiator's only goal is to reach an agreement as quickly as possible. (See linguist Braj Kachru's theory of the "expanding circle".) Business English means different things to different people. For some, it focuses on vocabulary and topics used in the worlds of business, trade, finance, and international relations. For others it refers to the communication skills used in the workplace, and focuses on the language and skills needed for typical business communication such as presentations, negotiations, meetings, small talk, socializing, correspondence, report writing, and a systematic approach. In both of these cases it can be taught to native speakers of English, for example, high school students preparing to enter the job market. Business English is a variant of international English. One can study it at a college or university. Institutes around the world have courses or modules in BE available, which can lead to a degree in the subject.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Sep 4, 2017
Since the communicative language testing was proposed in 1980s, authenticity, as a distinctive fe... more Since the communicative language testing was proposed in 1980s, authenticity, as a distinctive feature of it, has been a heated topic in modern language testing. This paper conducts a brief analysis of the concept of authenticity in language testing, and investigates such two characteristics of it as subjectiveness and relativity. It also comments on the authenticity in scoring. The authors hold that authenticity is a relative concept and should be considered to achieve appropriate balance with the other qualities (i.e. reliability, construct validity, interactiveness, impact, practicality) of language testing. Keywords: authenticity, subjectiveness, relativity.
The purpose of this study is to highlight the role of discourse markers and lexical cohesion in c... more The purpose of this study is to highlight the role of discourse markers and lexical cohesion in coherence of English writing. The current study investigates and examines thirty articles written by intermediate students about why they learn English. Therefore, the study shows how discourse markers and lexical devices achieve written text cohesion experimentally. The study also clarifies the researchers' views about the definitions of discourse markers and why discourse markers can't be classified under a grammatical or lexical category. The differences between discourse markers' functions have been discussed in detail as well as the difference between grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion as DMs play a significant and crucial roles in starting, directing and ending discourse. The study deals with how discourse markers and lexical devices function in the establishment of textual coherence from different perspectives.. I. Statement of the problem Through the review of related literature, many linguists and researchers emphasize that discourse markers in spite of their multi-classification play an important role in text cohesion. But a wide sector of people who are specialized in teaching English as a foreign language neglect teaching their students how they deal with DMs and use these markers in writing appropriately and correctly. Although some students recognize the using of DMs in their writing, their writings still under the level. In addition to DMs, grammatical cohesion that includes repetition , substitution and ellipsis was partially ignored. Also, the lexical cohesion in their writings is weak due to their neglect of semantic devices such as repetition, synonymy and collocation. Here, the targeted group which the study investigated is the twelfth grade in three public schools in Jordan. The study analyzed thirty articles, focusing on the use of discourse markers and lexical cohesive devices as well as their effects on the quality of writings .
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 23, 2020
This research work which is about Homogenous Sentences in Uzbek language intends to bring to othe... more This research work which is about Homogenous Sentences in Uzbek language intends to bring to other future scholars a clearer idea and a brief but very precise description. There are four specific sections that are covered within this research work, such as: introduction, new approach to the sentence structure and the problem of homogeneous sentences, conjunctive means of homogeneous sentences and the use of homogeneous sentence.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Mar 8, 2020
This study would like to examine manifestations of poverty in the light of world literature. For ... more This study would like to examine manifestations of poverty in the light of world literature. For this purpose, it would like to investigate the selected-literary texts, like Kazi Nazrul Islam's "Poverty", Thomas Montague Traherne's Poverty, and Charles Dickens' Hard Times. It aims to look at the real picture of poverty of the age, which has been reflected in their works. It would like to focus upon the manifestations of poverty and its relation with the current age. Nazrul, Dickens, and Traherne have led their personal lives with great hardship, bitterness experiences, psychological problems, like trauma and paranoia during their life span. They have tried to draw a light upon personal inflicting senses and mental disorders of the poor communities through their literary works. They have wanted to explore the practical circumstances and dark aspects of human society, community, and culture with a view to bringing about revolutionary changes of the poor community of the world around. Of course, such writers and their literary works are the symbol of today's society as well as literature. In this sense, it may be expressed that Nazrul, Dickens, and Traherne are the representatives of the age. The researchers' goal is that poverty is profoundly dealt with human life; no literature can express his perfect feeling and imagination if he has not tasted the bitterness experience of poverty in life. In many countries of the world, many litterateurs have focused upon the practical experiences of social problems of their hard times in the name of poverty. Thus, this study would like to foster unexplored-glaring themes of poverty through investigating the selected-works as well as the critical comments regarding poverty made by critics and scholars.
Mysticism is a faith that directs knowledge of God, spiritual truth, or ultimate reality can be a... more Mysticism is a faith that directs knowledge of God, spiritual truth, or ultimate reality can be achieved through subjective intuition. Donne was a man of the 17th-century England that saw many religious reformation. Lalon was born in the 19th-century Indian Subcontinent who understood the terms of organized religion in his own principles. He is the pioneer of the movement of democratizing the society removing social disparity. His mysticism is based on human body and mind. Similarly, Donne shows his inner attitudes to human body and mind, which he takes to be God's book revealing His intention to mankind. This study examines that both Donne and Lalon have keen observations from the core philosophy to find out the ultimate truth of human soul dictate the way of spiritual salvation. It also aims to look at the influence of mysticism upon John Donne and Lalon Shah through the critical analysis of their poetry. It would like to examine Donne's treatment of mysticism as well as Lalon's treatment of mysticism respectively by fostering similarities and differences between them.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Jul 1, 2016
Translation is a phenomenon that has a huge effect on everyday life. Moreover, translation is see... more Translation is a phenomenon that has a huge effect on everyday life. Moreover, translation is seen as a connecting bridge between the identities of two different languages and cultures, while in itself it is an essential means in the process of communication. Our aim for this study will be concentrated on interlingual translation, as well as translation features of Vedat Kokona on several dramas of Shakespeare, such as: Timon of Athens, Antony and Cleopatra, Twelfth Night, Midsummer Night's Dream, Two Gentlemen of Verona. Exchange of messages in translation from English into Albanian will be the central focus of this study, bearing in mind the importance and the indispensable role of this process. In this exchange of messages, we will focus more on the language features that the author, in this case translator Vedat Kokona has tried to preserve in order to maintain the meaning of the translated phrases and sentences partially or completely in the above mentioned dramas of Shakespeare. The theories of meaning, cultural transference, as well as some other communication theories are the theoretical foundation of this paper. We will also judge by giving the arguments whether the translator of these dramas is faced with the absence of linguistic and cultural identity material; whether he has managed to convey the right meaningful message through linguistic and cultural transformations faithfulness in his translations. This at once constitutes the very argument of this study. The meaning of the given translation doesn’t always need to be simply a sum of words, but most importantly needs to be an organic meaningful unity that one should express it in non-identical ways in different identities. We are also aware that during translation words and sentences may undergo transformations in form and structure but they need to preserve an unaltered message. Simply speaking, we will try to study how Kokona has tried to undress the message of the linguistic and cultural parameters of Shakespearean language and how he dressed it with the linguistic and cultural material code of the Albanian language. Keywords: interlingual translation, linguistic and cultural transformations, English language, Albanian language, Shakespearean dramas, language features, exchange of messages in translation from English into Albanian, etc.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies, Jan 2, 2016
The texts that have been selected to provide answers to the above-mentioned question are Green is... more The texts that have been selected to provide answers to the above-mentioned question are Green is the color by Lloyd Fernando and Mr.Tang"s Girls by Shirley Lim. In the former, how the post modern characteristics of self create and define the protagonist"s identity is discussed while in the latter the influence of the patriarchal society on the protagonist"s identity shaping is analyzed. The patriarchal society for which the protagonist"s father is an example is considered the "other". "the nature of the individual depends upon the society in which he or she lives." (Burke and Stets, 2009, p.3).
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Jul 1, 2016
Introduction ccording to Catford, (1965, p.1) "Translation is an operation performed on languages... more Introduction ccording to Catford, (1965, p.1) "Translation is an operation performed on languages: a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another. Clearly, then, any theory of translation must draw upon a theory of language-a general linguistic theory." Whereas, according to Newmark (1982, p.7) he defines translation as "a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language". In his opinion, translating a text should begin with a detailed analysis of a text, such as the intention of the text and of the Abstract This study is a comparative analysis on linguistic, cultural and literary translation which aims at describing differences and similarities between two languages English and Albanian in order to establish a translation modeling. Subsequently, it will examine lexicogrammatical and syntactic features, cultural issues, stylistic processes of translations, and the occurrences of three aspects of text: macrostructure, microstructure and systemic context in translations from English to Albanian in three modern novels written in English and their Albanian translations by Betim Muço, such as: "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" written by James Joyce, "Seize the Day" written by Saul Bellow, and "Lolita" written by Vladimir Nabokov. From the study, it will be also found if there are substantial relations among the metatexts, macrostructures and microstructures. The macrostructures are universals accommodated by language register. The microstructures, however, do not reflect systematic correspondence; they are often determined by language peculiarities and translators" preference and choice. English is more diverse with its peculiarities allowing many microstructure elements to surface. Albanian, on the other hand, shows moderate usage and less distinctive usage of microstructure elements. Generally, it will be examined if there are substantial intertextual and intersystemic relations between translated versions by all the three novels from the same translator and as proposed by José Lambert and Hendrik van Gorp. Moreover, consideration will be given to the importance of language characteristics, typology and language universals as explained differently by Noam Chomsky in his "Universal Grammar" and Joseph Greenberg in order for the translation to achieve greater acceptability for the readership.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies, Feb 9, 2023
The purpose of this research is to investigate the use and meaning of German prefixes, as well as... more The purpose of this research is to investigate the use and meaning of German prefixes, as well as their impact on word formation in English. German prefixes are grammatical features that are added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning or function. The prefixes will be examined in terms of their etymology, frequency of use, and common word formation patterns. They can also indicate a verb's location, tense, aspect, or modality. Prefixes are essential to the German language, and mastering them requires a solid understanding of them. The research will also look into how these prefixes affect the overall structure and meaning of German words. The research will be conducted using a combination of primary and secondary sources, such as German language dictionaries and texts, and linguistic studies on prefixation in German. The study's findings will shed light on the rich and complex nature of German word formation and its underlying grammar rules. The study also delves into the etymology of the prefixes and how they have evolved over time. The study's goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of German prefixes and their usage for both German language learners and native speakers.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 29, 2022
This research demonstrates an in-depth investigation of William Butler Yeats's key poems, his lan... more This research demonstrates an in-depth investigation of William Butler Yeats's key poems, his language, and his distinctive writing style. We've selected four of his well-known poems for this essay: "Adam's Curse," "The Second Coming," "Easter, 1916," and "Sailing to Byzantium." Each of them is a different aspect of William's creative work, incorporating motifs and topics that relate to the historical context and the author's inner life. The clashing currents of the Victorian era and modernism, which William Butler Yeats stood at, affected his poetry. His poetry continue to serve as a bridge for aspiring modern poets, guiding them to perfection from such expressions of beauty, art in nature, politics, and everything around him.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Mar 1, 2018
Selami Hallaci was born on 3 April 1919 in the village of Rahovice near Presheva. He was a descen... more Selami Hallaci was born on 3 April 1919 in the village of Rahovice near Presheva. He was a descendent of the impoverished family of Jashar Hallaci. He completed his primary education in Rahovice, where he was an exemplary student and continued his education in a madrasa in Shkup – which, at the time, was a sanctuary for many revolutionaries. As a student, he became aware of the enemy’s heavy-handed oppression of the people - the working class and peasantry. Selami became a prominent revolutionary, for which he was expelled from school and, as a result, was forced to continue his education in Manastir, where he was a student at the break of the Second World War. Upon graduation, he returned to his hometown with the hope of finding employemnt. However, Bulgaria had occupied Macedonia and southern Serbia, and had sought to eliminate the region’s progressive intelligentia. Individuals such as Selami were unwelcome in these occupied territories and were forced to work odd jobs to secure a living. Selami organized demonstrations and strikes attracting the attention of the authorities. Thus, he was soon forced to leave home, finally settling in Gjilan, where he became a teacher. He later travelled to Korca, where he attended a two-month seminar and completed additional classes allowing him to return to Gjilan in 1942 to continue to teach at Zenel Hajdini primary school. He resumed his revolutionary activities in Gjilan. He also taught in Shtimje and Prishtina. In the meantime, he met with likeminded friends and carried out various duties entrusted to him. In 1943-44, he was appointed Secretary of the Education Inspectorate in Prishtina. Nevertheless, he continued his revolutionary activities until he was apprehended and imprisoned. He was held in Prishtina’s jail for some time, where, although he endured torture at the hands of the authorities, but never gave up his friends or the organization. Selami held steadfast to his beliefs and never gave into the enemy’s demands even when faced with the prospect of execution he raised his hand and shouted in defiance: “ Death to fascism – Freedom to the people ”. Thus, on an August night in 1944, ten revolutionaries were executed in Prizren, including Selami. Nine men and one woman gave their lives for a wish, an ideal larger than life itself – for Freedom, independence and human rights – they stood valiantly, courageously and heroically, before a callous enemy refusing to betray their comrades. Staunchly devoted to their patriotic ideals, they readily gave their lives for their nation.
The information society undoubtedly is considering certainly new forms of communication, interact... more The information society undoubtedly is considering certainly new forms of communication, interaction and knowledge construction. Therefore, our universities can't be located on the outskirts of the information revolution and, to this propose, our societies must make available information systems of high quality that can be implemented in institutions of higher education, adequately investing in ICT to be at the forefront of this revolution, and thus obtaining their benefits. In this article we will exhibit important aspects to be considered in the virtual teaching, some variants taking into account and that involve a different methodology for the incorporation of teaching in virtual environments and an approximation of the pedagogical model allowing achieve quality in the process of teaching and learning in the same. Undoubtedly ICT have transformed classic universities, complementing traditional teaching. Therefore, higher education institutions must meet ambitious conditions which involve constant renewal, to achieve the incorporation of these technologies generate creative and innovative educational processes. So universities will become learning organizations they have to determine what changes are needed, and to make it happen these institutions themselves should be assessed, taking into account the most common features of learning organizations, and then decide how these characteristics could be catered for its transformation. Virtual learning in higher education The notion of working in a virtual environment involves an activity or a set of related activities that require effort and are aimed at the achievement of one or more objectives, multiple actors can be involved in multiple roles, operating with various methods and tools, creating different artifacts that will contribute to the achievement of the common goals (Spector and Wang, 2002, p.2).
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 28, 2022
There are many works in the world of literature that have dazzled us with their fascinating stori... more There are many works in the world of literature that have dazzled us with their fascinating stories; their specific way of using vocabulary and their magical ability to take us and lead us to an imaginary world where we can experience what the characters of that work are experiencing. Such literary masterpieces make us think deep, while trying to understand them given the context in which they have been written. The Catcher in the Rye is without a doubt one of those books that challenge the way we see the world around us; challenge that which we believe is true and what consider a lie. Therefore, it is no wonder why we have chosen this work so we can analyze it and try to find ways how we can inject it in our classrooms. Yes, it is true that the book has a very specific and "hard" language that many students may find it inappropriate; nevertheless, it represents a unique way of vocabulary usage and a particular style of reflecting human emotions.
wrote perhaps the most complex, most interesting essay on the process of translation under the ti... more wrote perhaps the most complex, most interesting essay on the process of translation under the title The Task of the Translator in 1923. This very complex work of literary and translation theory has been analysed and referred to by several literary scholars in the past almost 100 years, the Belgian-American literary scholar Paul de Man among them. The present research article makes an attempt to present a comparative analysis based on close reading of the texts between Benjamin's original essay and Paul de Man's commentary, figuring out the possible (and necessary) contradictions and ambiguities of the text, trying to find the answer to the question whether or not translation, at least in the successful sense of the word, exist at all. Deconstructionist way of reading literary and theoretical texts may give multiple answers to the questions about translation, and demonstrate the possibility and impossibility of translation at the same time. WALTER BENJAMIN: The task of the literary translator (Scanning the primary text) Right at the beginning of his well-known and paradigmatic essay, Walter Benjamin rejects the notion of the ideal recipient, as if he were to consider poetry as existing for its own sake rather than being addressed to the reader in particularhe calls it pure language (ReineSprache). According to his thesis, the translator must go beyond conveying the message of the literary work. A translation that only conveys the message of the work is not a good translation. Linguistic expressions are in some respects untranslatable, some works are essentially translatable, while others do not yield to the intention of translation. A translated text is a text that has a life of its own in relation to the original work, since it was written later than the original text. The translation owes its very existence to the glory of the original work, i.e. its exceptional aesthetic value, since the original work is a text that has been found worthy of being lifted out of its own linguistic and cultural environment and transplanted into a foreign culture by means of translation.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies, Mar 14, 2023
The primary goal of this study is to increase readers' understanding of assessment for language l... more The primary goal of this study is to increase readers' understanding of assessment for language learning and development, particularly as it relates to morphology for students of EFL (English as a Foreign Language). We also consider noting the many assessment methods that might be employed to determine how well EFL students understand morphology. Second, we'll go over a variety of language-improvement strategies that we could use to help EFL students better understand English morphology. We'll look at a few benefits of peer evaluation for EFL learners' vocabulary and morphological comprehension in the third segment. This study will go over peer assessment's benefits, the process of language improvement in English morphology, and evaluation as a critical component of language learning.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies, Aug 10, 2021
The purpose of this study is to decipher the postmodern development of subaltern studies to find ... more The purpose of this study is to decipher the postmodern development of subaltern studies to find out the past and present state of the subalternity so that today's students, teachers, researchers, scholars, and critics of English literature can apply the theories and the approaches of subaltern studies. To find out the inner meaning of subaltern writing creatively and critically, literary genres can be interpreted in the light of subaltern studies that reflect the social environment. To investigate Literature concerning the theme of subaltern studies, teachers, students, scholars, and critics ought to be devoted to going into the deeper meanings of the literary texts. To understand borders and borderlands, the study aims to focus on the contemporary political challenges of the world very faithfully. Conflicts of borders and borderlands in the light of Indian literature and Albanian literature by Ismail Kadare in English have been given priority.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jul 1, 2021
wrote perhaps the most complex, most interesting essay on the process of translation under the ti... more wrote perhaps the most complex, most interesting essay on the process of translation under the title The Task of the Translator in 1923. This very complex work of literary and translation theory has been analysed and referred to by several literary scholars in the past almost 100 years, the Belgian-American literary scholar Paul de Man among them. The present research article makes an attempt to present a comparative analysis based on close reading of the texts between Benjamin's original essay and Paul de Man's commentary, figuring out the possible (and necessary) contradictions and ambiguities of the text, trying to find the answer to the question whether or not translation, at least in the successful sense of the word, exist at all. Deconstructionist way of reading literary and theoretical texts may give multiple answers to the questions about translation, and demonstrate the possibility and impossibility of translation at the same time. WALTER BENJAMIN: The task of the literary translator (Scanning the primary text) Right at the beginning of his well-known and paradigmatic essay, Walter Benjamin rejects the notion of the ideal recipient, as if he were to consider poetry as existing for its own sake rather than being addressed to the reader in particularhe calls it pure language (ReineSprache). According to his thesis, the translator must go beyond conveying the message of the literary work. A translation that only conveys the message of the work is not a good translation. Linguistic expressions are in some respects untranslatable, some works are essentially translatable, while others do not yield to the intention of translation. A translated text is a text that has a life of its own in relation to the original work, since it was written later than the original text. The translation owes its very existence to the glory of the original work, i.e. its exceptional aesthetic value, since the original work is a text that has been found worthy of being lifted out of its own linguistic and cultural environment and transplanted into a foreign culture by means of translation. Benjamin argues that languages are related to each other in what they want to say, and that translation expresses this. That is, despite superficial differences, human languages function in a very similar way, and it is this similarity of function, as a kind of anthropological unitythat makes the phenomenon of translation itself possible.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies, Mar 2, 2019
In this paper we are going to elaborate in details the difference between authenticity and plagia... more In this paper we are going to elaborate in details the difference between authenticity and plagiarism and also provide some selected sample materials from authentic and non-authentic academic papers published in some of the selected hijacked journals and also publications stored in different online repositories, as well as different search engines and libraries. Also, a special emphasis will be given to general and specific plagiarism detector software which nowadays enable researchers and academic students to authenticate their own work or the work of the others. There is, however, a malfunction of such software which are not linked fully with the web search engines or are partly linked or encrypted, thus allowing texts to be concealed or in other words not be shown up in search in public with Managers' visions. Furthermore, we are going to present an analysis of gathered data in charts and tabular forms from different samples of academic papers on Managers' visions and also results from a specifically designed questionnaire regarding the unethical act called plagiarism and its negative effects and causes.
узбекского языка, литературы и фольклора, Ташкент, Узбекистан * Корреспондирующий автор (arburim.... more узбекского языка, литературы и фольклора, Ташкент, Узбекистан * Корреспондирующий автор (arburim.iseni[at]unite.edu.mk) Аннотация На протяжении всей истории мировой литературы писатели стремились экспериментировать с различными литературными приемами, чтобы сделать свое произведение уникальным и выдержать испытание временем таким образом, чтобы оно могло постоянно подвергаться анализу. Роман «Заводной апельсин», опубликованный в 1962 году, демонстрирует языковые эксперименты в отличие от других, в которых автор изобрел английский словарь под влиянием русского языка, Надсат, который подростковые персонажи книги используют в антиутопическом будущем английского общества. В нашей статье мы попытаемся проиллюстрировать этот аспект и проанализировать, повлиял ли какой-либо социальный или политический фон на то, что Берджесс предпринял такую задачу, или это была просто игра в слова, которую хотел сформулировать страстный лингвист. Принимая во внимание, что роман представляет собой литературное произведение без отказов, содержащее значительное количество сцен насилия, мы обсудим возможность того, что вышеупомянутый словарь может быть извлечен из порочной молодежи. Ключевые слова: надсат, русский язык, английский язык, антиутопическое общество.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Apr 3, 2018
Business English is a part of English for specific purposes and can be considered a specialism wi... more Business English is a part of English for specific purposes and can be considered a specialism within English language learning and teaching. Many non-native English speakers study the subject with the goal of doing business with English-speaking countries, or with companies located outside the English-speaking world but which nonetheless use English as a shared language or lingua franca. Much of the English communication that takes place within business circles all over the world occurs between non-native speakers. In cases such as these, the object of the exercise is efficient and effective communication. The strict rules of grammar are in such cases sometimes ignored, when, for example, a stressed negotiator's only goal is to reach an agreement as quickly as possible. (See linguist Braj Kachru's theory of the "expanding circle".) Business English means different things to different people. For some, it focuses on vocabulary and topics used in the worlds of business, trade, finance, and international relations. For others it refers to the communication skills used in the workplace, and focuses on the language and skills needed for typical business communication such as presentations, negotiations, meetings, small talk, socializing, correspondence, report writing, and a systematic approach. In both of these cases it can be taught to native speakers of English, for example, high school students preparing to enter the job market. Business English is a variant of international English. One can study it at a college or university. Institutes around the world have courses or modules in BE available, which can lead to a degree in the subject.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Sep 4, 2017
Since the communicative language testing was proposed in 1980s, authenticity, as a distinctive fe... more Since the communicative language testing was proposed in 1980s, authenticity, as a distinctive feature of it, has been a heated topic in modern language testing. This paper conducts a brief analysis of the concept of authenticity in language testing, and investigates such two characteristics of it as subjectiveness and relativity. It also comments on the authenticity in scoring. The authors hold that authenticity is a relative concept and should be considered to achieve appropriate balance with the other qualities (i.e. reliability, construct validity, interactiveness, impact, practicality) of language testing. Keywords: authenticity, subjectiveness, relativity.
The purpose of this study is to highlight the role of discourse markers and lexical cohesion in c... more The purpose of this study is to highlight the role of discourse markers and lexical cohesion in coherence of English writing. The current study investigates and examines thirty articles written by intermediate students about why they learn English. Therefore, the study shows how discourse markers and lexical devices achieve written text cohesion experimentally. The study also clarifies the researchers' views about the definitions of discourse markers and why discourse markers can't be classified under a grammatical or lexical category. The differences between discourse markers' functions have been discussed in detail as well as the difference between grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion as DMs play a significant and crucial roles in starting, directing and ending discourse. The study deals with how discourse markers and lexical devices function in the establishment of textual coherence from different perspectives.. I. Statement of the problem Through the review of related literature, many linguists and researchers emphasize that discourse markers in spite of their multi-classification play an important role in text cohesion. But a wide sector of people who are specialized in teaching English as a foreign language neglect teaching their students how they deal with DMs and use these markers in writing appropriately and correctly. Although some students recognize the using of DMs in their writing, their writings still under the level. In addition to DMs, grammatical cohesion that includes repetition , substitution and ellipsis was partially ignored. Also, the lexical cohesion in their writings is weak due to their neglect of semantic devices such as repetition, synonymy and collocation. Here, the targeted group which the study investigated is the twelfth grade in three public schools in Jordan. The study analyzed thirty articles, focusing on the use of discourse markers and lexical cohesive devices as well as their effects on the quality of writings .
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 23, 2020
This research work which is about Homogenous Sentences in Uzbek language intends to bring to othe... more This research work which is about Homogenous Sentences in Uzbek language intends to bring to other future scholars a clearer idea and a brief but very precise description. There are four specific sections that are covered within this research work, such as: introduction, new approach to the sentence structure and the problem of homogeneous sentences, conjunctive means of homogeneous sentences and the use of homogeneous sentence.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Mar 8, 2020
This study would like to examine manifestations of poverty in the light of world literature. For ... more This study would like to examine manifestations of poverty in the light of world literature. For this purpose, it would like to investigate the selected-literary texts, like Kazi Nazrul Islam's "Poverty", Thomas Montague Traherne's Poverty, and Charles Dickens' Hard Times. It aims to look at the real picture of poverty of the age, which has been reflected in their works. It would like to focus upon the manifestations of poverty and its relation with the current age. Nazrul, Dickens, and Traherne have led their personal lives with great hardship, bitterness experiences, psychological problems, like trauma and paranoia during their life span. They have tried to draw a light upon personal inflicting senses and mental disorders of the poor communities through their literary works. They have wanted to explore the practical circumstances and dark aspects of human society, community, and culture with a view to bringing about revolutionary changes of the poor community of the world around. Of course, such writers and their literary works are the symbol of today's society as well as literature. In this sense, it may be expressed that Nazrul, Dickens, and Traherne are the representatives of the age. The researchers' goal is that poverty is profoundly dealt with human life; no literature can express his perfect feeling and imagination if he has not tasted the bitterness experience of poverty in life. In many countries of the world, many litterateurs have focused upon the practical experiences of social problems of their hard times in the name of poverty. Thus, this study would like to foster unexplored-glaring themes of poverty through investigating the selected-works as well as the critical comments regarding poverty made by critics and scholars.
Mysticism is a faith that directs knowledge of God, spiritual truth, or ultimate reality can be a... more Mysticism is a faith that directs knowledge of God, spiritual truth, or ultimate reality can be achieved through subjective intuition. Donne was a man of the 17th-century England that saw many religious reformation. Lalon was born in the 19th-century Indian Subcontinent who understood the terms of organized religion in his own principles. He is the pioneer of the movement of democratizing the society removing social disparity. His mysticism is based on human body and mind. Similarly, Donne shows his inner attitudes to human body and mind, which he takes to be God's book revealing His intention to mankind. This study examines that both Donne and Lalon have keen observations from the core philosophy to find out the ultimate truth of human soul dictate the way of spiritual salvation. It also aims to look at the influence of mysticism upon John Donne and Lalon Shah through the critical analysis of their poetry. It would like to examine Donne's treatment of mysticism as well as Lalon's treatment of mysticism respectively by fostering similarities and differences between them.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Jul 1, 2016
Translation is a phenomenon that has a huge effect on everyday life. Moreover, translation is see... more Translation is a phenomenon that has a huge effect on everyday life. Moreover, translation is seen as a connecting bridge between the identities of two different languages and cultures, while in itself it is an essential means in the process of communication. Our aim for this study will be concentrated on interlingual translation, as well as translation features of Vedat Kokona on several dramas of Shakespeare, such as: Timon of Athens, Antony and Cleopatra, Twelfth Night, Midsummer Night's Dream, Two Gentlemen of Verona. Exchange of messages in translation from English into Albanian will be the central focus of this study, bearing in mind the importance and the indispensable role of this process. In this exchange of messages, we will focus more on the language features that the author, in this case translator Vedat Kokona has tried to preserve in order to maintain the meaning of the translated phrases and sentences partially or completely in the above mentioned dramas of Shakespeare. The theories of meaning, cultural transference, as well as some other communication theories are the theoretical foundation of this paper. We will also judge by giving the arguments whether the translator of these dramas is faced with the absence of linguistic and cultural identity material; whether he has managed to convey the right meaningful message through linguistic and cultural transformations faithfulness in his translations. This at once constitutes the very argument of this study. The meaning of the given translation doesn’t always need to be simply a sum of words, but most importantly needs to be an organic meaningful unity that one should express it in non-identical ways in different identities. We are also aware that during translation words and sentences may undergo transformations in form and structure but they need to preserve an unaltered message. Simply speaking, we will try to study how Kokona has tried to undress the message of the linguistic and cultural parameters of Shakespearean language and how he dressed it with the linguistic and cultural material code of the Albanian language. Keywords: interlingual translation, linguistic and cultural transformations, English language, Albanian language, Shakespearean dramas, language features, exchange of messages in translation from English into Albanian, etc.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies, Jan 2, 2016
The texts that have been selected to provide answers to the above-mentioned question are Green is... more The texts that have been selected to provide answers to the above-mentioned question are Green is the color by Lloyd Fernando and Mr.Tang"s Girls by Shirley Lim. In the former, how the post modern characteristics of self create and define the protagonist"s identity is discussed while in the latter the influence of the patriarchal society on the protagonist"s identity shaping is analyzed. The patriarchal society for which the protagonist"s father is an example is considered the "other". "the nature of the individual depends upon the society in which he or she lives." (Burke and Stets, 2009, p.3).
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Jul 1, 2016
Introduction ccording to Catford, (1965, p.1) "Translation is an operation performed on languages... more Introduction ccording to Catford, (1965, p.1) "Translation is an operation performed on languages: a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another. Clearly, then, any theory of translation must draw upon a theory of language-a general linguistic theory." Whereas, according to Newmark (1982, p.7) he defines translation as "a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language". In his opinion, translating a text should begin with a detailed analysis of a text, such as the intention of the text and of the Abstract This study is a comparative analysis on linguistic, cultural and literary translation which aims at describing differences and similarities between two languages English and Albanian in order to establish a translation modeling. Subsequently, it will examine lexicogrammatical and syntactic features, cultural issues, stylistic processes of translations, and the occurrences of three aspects of text: macrostructure, microstructure and systemic context in translations from English to Albanian in three modern novels written in English and their Albanian translations by Betim Muço, such as: "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" written by James Joyce, "Seize the Day" written by Saul Bellow, and "Lolita" written by Vladimir Nabokov. From the study, it will be also found if there are substantial relations among the metatexts, macrostructures and microstructures. The macrostructures are universals accommodated by language register. The microstructures, however, do not reflect systematic correspondence; they are often determined by language peculiarities and translators" preference and choice. English is more diverse with its peculiarities allowing many microstructure elements to surface. Albanian, on the other hand, shows moderate usage and less distinctive usage of microstructure elements. Generally, it will be examined if there are substantial intertextual and intersystemic relations between translated versions by all the three novels from the same translator and as proposed by José Lambert and Hendrik van Gorp. Moreover, consideration will be given to the importance of language characteristics, typology and language universals as explained differently by Noam Chomsky in his "Universal Grammar" and Joseph Greenberg in order for the translation to achieve greater acceptability for the readership.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies, Feb 9, 2023
The purpose of this research is to investigate the use and meaning of German prefixes, as well as... more The purpose of this research is to investigate the use and meaning of German prefixes, as well as their impact on word formation in English. German prefixes are grammatical features that are added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning or function. The prefixes will be examined in terms of their etymology, frequency of use, and common word formation patterns. They can also indicate a verb's location, tense, aspect, or modality. Prefixes are essential to the German language, and mastering them requires a solid understanding of them. The research will also look into how these prefixes affect the overall structure and meaning of German words. The research will be conducted using a combination of primary and secondary sources, such as German language dictionaries and texts, and linguistic studies on prefixation in German. The study's findings will shed light on the rich and complex nature of German word formation and its underlying grammar rules. The study also delves into the etymology of the prefixes and how they have evolved over time. The study's goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of German prefixes and their usage for both German language learners and native speakers.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 29, 2022
This research demonstrates an in-depth investigation of William Butler Yeats's key poems, his lan... more This research demonstrates an in-depth investigation of William Butler Yeats's key poems, his language, and his distinctive writing style. We've selected four of his well-known poems for this essay: "Adam's Curse," "The Second Coming," "Easter, 1916," and "Sailing to Byzantium." Each of them is a different aspect of William's creative work, incorporating motifs and topics that relate to the historical context and the author's inner life. The clashing currents of the Victorian era and modernism, which William Butler Yeats stood at, affected his poetry. His poetry continue to serve as a bridge for aspiring modern poets, guiding them to perfection from such expressions of beauty, art in nature, politics, and everything around him.
ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Mar 1, 2018
Selami Hallaci was born on 3 April 1919 in the village of Rahovice near Presheva. He was a descen... more Selami Hallaci was born on 3 April 1919 in the village of Rahovice near Presheva. He was a descendent of the impoverished family of Jashar Hallaci. He completed his primary education in Rahovice, where he was an exemplary student and continued his education in a madrasa in Shkup – which, at the time, was a sanctuary for many revolutionaries. As a student, he became aware of the enemy’s heavy-handed oppression of the people - the working class and peasantry. Selami became a prominent revolutionary, for which he was expelled from school and, as a result, was forced to continue his education in Manastir, where he was a student at the break of the Second World War. Upon graduation, he returned to his hometown with the hope of finding employemnt. However, Bulgaria had occupied Macedonia and southern Serbia, and had sought to eliminate the region’s progressive intelligentia. Individuals such as Selami were unwelcome in these occupied territories and were forced to work odd jobs to secure a living. Selami organized demonstrations and strikes attracting the attention of the authorities. Thus, he was soon forced to leave home, finally settling in Gjilan, where he became a teacher. He later travelled to Korca, where he attended a two-month seminar and completed additional classes allowing him to return to Gjilan in 1942 to continue to teach at Zenel Hajdini primary school. He resumed his revolutionary activities in Gjilan. He also taught in Shtimje and Prishtina. In the meantime, he met with likeminded friends and carried out various duties entrusted to him. In 1943-44, he was appointed Secretary of the Education Inspectorate in Prishtina. Nevertheless, he continued his revolutionary activities until he was apprehended and imprisoned. He was held in Prishtina’s jail for some time, where, although he endured torture at the hands of the authorities, but never gave up his friends or the organization. Selami held steadfast to his beliefs and never gave into the enemy’s demands even when faced with the prospect of execution he raised his hand and shouted in defiance: “ Death to fascism – Freedom to the people ”. Thus, on an August night in 1944, ten revolutionaries were executed in Prizren, including Selami. Nine men and one woman gave their lives for a wish, an ideal larger than life itself – for Freedom, independence and human rights – they stood valiantly, courageously and heroically, before a callous enemy refusing to betray their comrades. Staunchly devoted to their patriotic ideals, they readily gave their lives for their nation.
The information society undoubtedly is considering certainly new forms of communication, interact... more The information society undoubtedly is considering certainly new forms of communication, interaction and knowledge construction. Therefore, our universities can't be located on the outskirts of the information revolution and, to this propose, our societies must make available information systems of high quality that can be implemented in institutions of higher education, adequately investing in ICT to be at the forefront of this revolution, and thus obtaining their benefits. In this article we will exhibit important aspects to be considered in the virtual teaching, some variants taking into account and that involve a different methodology for the incorporation of teaching in virtual environments and an approximation of the pedagogical model allowing achieve quality in the process of teaching and learning in the same. Undoubtedly ICT have transformed classic universities, complementing traditional teaching. Therefore, higher education institutions must meet ambitious conditions which involve constant renewal, to achieve the incorporation of these technologies generate creative and innovative educational processes. So universities will become learning organizations they have to determine what changes are needed, and to make it happen these institutions themselves should be assessed, taking into account the most common features of learning organizations, and then decide how these characteristics could be catered for its transformation. Virtual learning in higher education The notion of working in a virtual environment involves an activity or a set of related activities that require effort and are aimed at the achievement of one or more objectives, multiple actors can be involved in multiple roles, operating with various methods and tools, creating different artifacts that will contribute to the achievement of the common goals (Spector and Wang, 2002, p.2).
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 28, 2022
There are many works in the world of literature that have dazzled us with their fascinating stori... more There are many works in the world of literature that have dazzled us with their fascinating stories; their specific way of using vocabulary and their magical ability to take us and lead us to an imaginary world where we can experience what the characters of that work are experiencing. Such literary masterpieces make us think deep, while trying to understand them given the context in which they have been written. The Catcher in the Rye is without a doubt one of those books that challenge the way we see the world around us; challenge that which we believe is true and what consider a lie. Therefore, it is no wonder why we have chosen this work so we can analyze it and try to find ways how we can inject it in our classrooms. Yes, it is true that the book has a very specific and "hard" language that many students may find it inappropriate; nevertheless, it represents a unique way of vocabulary usage and a particular style of reflecting human emotions.
wrote perhaps the most complex, most interesting essay on the process of translation under the ti... more wrote perhaps the most complex, most interesting essay on the process of translation under the title The Task of the Translator in 1923. This very complex work of literary and translation theory has been analysed and referred to by several literary scholars in the past almost 100 years, the Belgian-American literary scholar Paul de Man among them. The present research article makes an attempt to present a comparative analysis based on close reading of the texts between Benjamin's original essay and Paul de Man's commentary, figuring out the possible (and necessary) contradictions and ambiguities of the text, trying to find the answer to the question whether or not translation, at least in the successful sense of the word, exist at all. Deconstructionist way of reading literary and theoretical texts may give multiple answers to the questions about translation, and demonstrate the possibility and impossibility of translation at the same time. WALTER BENJAMIN: The task of the literary translator (Scanning the primary text) Right at the beginning of his well-known and paradigmatic essay, Walter Benjamin rejects the notion of the ideal recipient, as if he were to consider poetry as existing for its own sake rather than being addressed to the reader in particularhe calls it pure language (ReineSprache). According to his thesis, the translator must go beyond conveying the message of the literary work. A translation that only conveys the message of the work is not a good translation. Linguistic expressions are in some respects untranslatable, some works are essentially translatable, while others do not yield to the intention of translation. A translated text is a text that has a life of its own in relation to the original work, since it was written later than the original text. The translation owes its very existence to the glory of the original work, i.e. its exceptional aesthetic value, since the original work is a text that has been found worthy of being lifted out of its own linguistic and cultural environment and transplanted into a foreign culture by means of translation.
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