Papers by Sani Garba Durumin Iya
Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is solid waste from palm oil industries discarded after burning of shell... more Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is solid waste from palm oil industries discarded after burning of shell, fiber, kernel and empty fruit bunches to heat boiler and generate electricity. A standard porcelain consisting of clay, feldspar and quartz is produced by sintering at temperature between 1300 °C to 1400 °C for toughness and translucency. This research developed a prediction model for optimum physical and mechanical properties of porcelain by addition of Fe2O3 at 5 wt.%. Quartz was replaced with POFA powder at 15 wt.% and Fe2O3 was also added at 5 wt.% of POFA mixed with others porcelain composition. Then the powder was dry pressed into pellet at 91 MPa and the samples were sintered at 1150 °C. The bulk density, compressive strength and Vickers microhardness were found to increase by addition of Fe2O3 at 5 wt.%. Prediction model was developed and from the predicted values it is revealed that, the model is efficient and good for the purpose of this research.
Coastal erosion impinges directly on many aspects especially tourism sector. Due to this problem,... more Coastal erosion impinges directly on many aspects especially tourism sector. Due to this problem, a study was carried out at Kampung Sungai Lurus shoreline to determine sediment shear stresses and characteristics of sediment load. Parameters needed were oceanography data and characteristics of sediment load. Sediment shear stress, τ τ τ τ o was calculated by Prandtl-Von Karman equation and critical shear stresses, τ τ τ τ c were figured by using Smerdon and Shield method. Results figured that sediment shear stress, τ τ τ τ o value is 21.76 /m 2 , while Smerdon and Shield method gave 1.92 /m 2 and 0.0251 /m 2 respectively. Both methods showed sediment shear stress were greater than critical shear stress (τ τ τ τ o > τ τ τ τ c). It shows that erosion happened at this area. Besides of regular maintenance, soft engineering techniques were suggested to attenuate and dissipate wave energy at shoreline.
Floods in Malaysia are the most frequent and devastating natural hazard. Every state in Malaysia ... more Floods in Malaysia are the most frequent and devastating natural hazard. Every state in Malaysia has been affected with either flood or flash floods depending on the period of monsoon season. Flood risk simulation was carried out along Terengganu River for rainy season. First, Terengganu River was modeled using XP SWMM software for flood simulation
Materials Science Forum, 2020
Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is solid waste from palm oil industries discarded after burning of shell... more Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is solid waste from palm oil industries discarded after burning of shell, fiber, kernel and empty fruit bunches to heat boiler and generate electricity. A standard porcelain consisting of clay, feldspar and quartz is produced by sintering at temperature between 1300 °C to 1400 °C for toughness and translucency. This research developed a prediction model for optimum physical and mechanical properties of porcelain by addition of Fe2O3 at 5 wt.%. Quartz was replaced with POFA powder at 15 wt.% and Fe2O3 was also added at 5 wt.% of POFA mixed with others porcelain composition. Then the powder was dry pressed into pellet at 91 MPa and the samples were sintered at 1150 °C. The bulk density, compressive strength and Vickers microhardness were found to increase by addition of Fe2O3 at 5 wt.%. Prediction model was developed and from the predicted values it is revealed that, the model is efficient and good for the purpose of this research.
International Journal of Current Research in Science, Engineering & Technology, Mar 20, 2018
Fly ash is alumina-silica waste products from the combustion of palm fiber and shells in the boil... more Fly ash is alumina-silica waste products from the combustion of palm fiber and shells in the boiler which are collected at the multi-cyclone collectors where almost 3 million tonnes per annum being produced in palm oil industry in Malaysia. The aim of this paper is to investigate the replacement of feldspar by fly ash as potential fluxing agent in triaxial porcelain. Clay, feldspar, quartz and fly ash were mixed for 12 hours, pressed into pellets and sintered at 1250 ºC. The samples were measured according to the physical and mechanical properties. Microstructure study was done through SEM analysis. The optimum composition of fly ash was observed at 5 wt.% where the maximum compressive strength was achieved at 105.04 MPa and shows the decreasing results in volume shrinkage. SEM study shows intense interlocking between the primary and secondary mullite needles in glassy matrix which contribute in improving the strength of the porcelain at this composition. Therefore the substitution of fly ash is suitable as a fluxing agent in porcelain that improved its physical and mechanical properties.
Flood is the most devastating natural disaster experienced in Malaysia is flood. Throughout Malay... more Flood is the most devastating natural disaster experienced in Malaysia is flood. Throughout Malaysia, including Sabah and Sarawak, there is total of 189 river basins (89 of the river basins are in peninsula Malaysia, 78 in Sabah and 22 in Sarawak), with the main channels flowing directly to the South China Sea and 85 of them are prone to become recurrent flooding. The estimated area vulnerable to flood disaster is approximately 29,800 km2 or 9% of the total Malaysia area, and is affecting almost 4.82 million people which is around 22% of the total population of the country. This study is aimed at finding the causes, effects and mitigation of floods. A comparative study was carried out to determine the people perception on floods. It is clear that, most of the people believe that, improper drainage condition is the main cause of floods. About 33% of the population agrees that, water damage to building is the main effect of flooding and other part suggested that evacuating people from...
Development and effective utilization of groundwater resources is essential especially in semi-ar... more Development and effective utilization of groundwater resources is essential especially in semi-arid region and in a region with abundant rainfall such as the study area for activities such as water supply and irrigation. The present study aims to analyse statistically the groundwater level, stream flow and rainfall data of 13years (2000-2012) collected from the Department of Minerals and Geosciences and Department of Irrigation and Drainage Terengganu for the seven stations: Besut, Dungun, Kemaman, Bukit, Paka, Cherul and Menerong of Terengganu Malaysia. The homogeneity test was made to make sure that all the series of data are homogenous. The regression analysis method was adapted to analyses the relationship of groundwater level variability with the rainfall distribution. The analysis indicated that the rainfall distribution has an influence on groundwater level in the study area due to positive relationship shown by regression analysis. Although in some stations the influence is ...
International Journal of Current Research in Science, Engineering & Technology, 2018
Palm oil fuels ash (POFA) is a by-product from palm oil industries that constitutes of different ... more Palm oil fuels ash (POFA) is a by-product from palm oil industries that constitutes of different compounds such as silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3) and many others, its abundances and improper disposal in waterways and as a landfill cause environmental pollution and hence need for its modification and usage. This paper presents an alternative way of producing silica from POFA. Untreated POFA was dried in an oven for 24 hours at a temperature of 110 °C and ground in a ball mill machine for 12 hours at a speed of 250 rev/s. After sieving, the powder was dispersed in 1 mole, 2 mole and 3 mole of HCl. An increase in the composition of SiO2 was observed using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis due to the increase in the molarity of acid, X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows that POFA has a crystalline and porous cellular structure. This shows that acidic wash treatment is good and an improved method for the production of silica from POFA.
Advances in Physics Theories and Applications, Jan 31, 2015
The use of empirical models for the comparative study of the correlation functions for the estima... more The use of empirical models for the comparative study of the correlation functions for the estimation of global solar radiation in Kano, Nigeria has been carried out. The models used are based on relative sunshine duration alongside the measured global solar radiation data, such as: the linear model = (a +b), the quadratic model = [ a + b +c() ]and the cubic model = [ a + b() + c() + d() ]. The models constants a ,b ,c and d will be used in calculating the estimated value of global solar radiation and also the agreement between the measured and estimated values. The statistical parameters used for the comparative techniques are: the mean bias error (mbe), mean percentage error (mpe) and the root mean square error (rmse), which will be use to determine the efficiency of the estimation. Subsequently, the result obtained for the models constants a and b are 0.045 and 0.051 respectively and the estimated values of global solar radiation are 21.
Porcelain tile is a translucent ceramic material developed from the mixture of clay, feldspar and... more Porcelain tile is a translucent ceramic material developed from the mixture of clay, feldspar and quartz. Its excellent functional and technical properties such as low water absorption, low porosity, stain resistance; high bending and compressive strength make it indispensable for industrial activities. This research aimed to determine the effect of the addition of iron (111) oxide (Fe2O3) on physicomechanical properties of porcelain. Quartz was substituted with treated Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) at 15wt% and mixed homogeneously with porcelain compositions using ball mill machine for 12 hours at a speed of 250 rev/sec and dry pressed at a moulding pressure of 91 MPa and sintered at 1150°C for 2 hours soaking time. Iron (111) oxide (Fe2O3) was added at 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 and 15wt% to the compositions of porcelain, dry pressed and sintered at the same temperature. The maximum value of compressive strength, bulk density and Vickers hardness were achieved by adding Fe2O3 at 5wt% as 138.94 MPa...
Journal of Science and Technology, 2017
Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), is a waste material from palm oil industries that has potential of recy... more Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), is a waste material from palm oil industries that has potential of recycling in the porcelain production due to its high content of silica. POFA is produced by burning palm oil shells, empty fruit branches and fibers as a fuel to heat up the boiler for electricity generation in the industries. This research is aimed at producing porcelain with the substitution of treated POFA with quartz at 20 wt%. Treated POFA was dried in an oven for 24 hours at 110°C and ground using ball mill machine for 12 hours to get particle size ˂50µm. 20 wt% of POFA powder was substituted for quartz and mixed with the composition of porcelain for 12 hours and then pressed into pellets at a mold pressure of 91 MPa. The pellets were sintered at a temperature of 1200°C for 2 hours soaking time at a heating rate of 5°C per minute. It was revealed that the maximum density was achieved at 2.38g/cm3 as the molarity of HCl is increased to 3 mole with the counterpart hardness of 7826 MPa. ...
Palm oil is derived from tropical palm tree that is easily cultivated in tropical countries like ... more Palm oil is derived from tropical palm tree that is easily cultivated in tropical countries like Malaysia, Thailand and Brazil. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a by-product from palm oil industry that is produced in large quantity (approximately 4 million tons annually in Malaysia). This paper presents an improved method for production of silica from POFA. Untreated POFA was dried in an oven at 110 oC for 24hours, it was then grinded in a ball mill for 12 hours at 250 rev/min to reduce the particle size, the powder is dispersed in 1 molar of HCl acid and stirred constantly for 30 min using electric shaker. X-ray fluorescence analysis shows that, POFA treated with acid shows the existence of thirteen chemical elements and the chemical composition of SiO 2 increases after the acidic wash from 15.90 wt% to 43.70 wt%. The percentage difference for SiO 2 is shown to be 175%. Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that acid wash treatment is suitable for production of silica f...
International Journal of Engineering & Technology
Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a by-product from thermal power plant where palm kernel, shell and fi... more Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a by-product from thermal power plant where palm kernel, shell and fibre used as fuel to generate electricity and disposed with no economic value. POFA is used as quartz replacement in the production of porcelain. POFA was dried in an oven for 24 hours at 110 °C, ground at a speed of 250 rev/sec for 12 hrs. Some of the POFA amount was treated with 2 Molar of HCl acid and some was kept untreated. Both treated and untreated were substituted with quartz at 15 wt% and mixed with porcelain composition and dry pressed into pellets at a mould pressure of 91 MPa and sintered at 1150 °C, 1200 °C and 1250 °C for 2 hrs soaking time respectively. XRF revealed that, POFA has similar chemical composition with quartz. The highest compressive strength, bulk density and Vickers microhardness being achieved at sintering temperature of 1150 °C using treated sample with the values 169 MPa, 2.432 g/cm3 and 774 HV respectively. HCl treated POFA is a good candidate for quartz r...
International Journal of Engineering & Technology
This paper presents the study of the influence on the phase formation and strength of the porcela... more This paper presents the study of the influence on the phase formation and strength of the porcelain by the partial substitution of fly ash. The fly ash was calcined at the temperature of 800 °C and partially substituted into feldspar. Each mixture were mixed and pressed into green pellets sintered at different sintering temperature (1100 – 1300 °C) at the interval of 50 °C for 120 min. The compressive strength, crystalline phase and the microstructure of the porcelain were investigated. The optimum physical and mechanical properties were obtained at 5 wt % of fly ash porcelain sintered at 1250 °C. The apparent porosity reaches a minimum value with 0.22 % which is nearly to zero and obtained the highest compressive strength of 105.40 MPa. The XRD results reveal that the highest percentage of mullite was obtained at the substitution of 5 wt % of fly ash with 49.0 %. The glassy phase shows an increasing trend with dissolution of mullite content which affects the strength and microstruc...
Asian Journal of Chemistry
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used for centuries in the field of medicine due to the ant... more Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used for centuries in the field of medicine due to the antimicrobial properties. AgNPs has been synthesized and incorporated in different aspects of biomaterials. It is reported that AgNPs as a result of its small size, it provides sufficient antimicrobial effect at lower filler level, thus can be used in dentistry for prevention and reduction of biofilm formation on a surfaces of dental prosthesis. The purpose of this study is to develop AgNPs antimicrobial acrylic resin for dental prosthesis. The effect of AgNPs incorporated into acrylic resin poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) on the bacterial biofilm was studied in terms of bacterial growth and the incorporating effect on the thermal stability of these polymeric biocides was evaluated. Silver nanoparticles in colloidal form was added to PMMA(ONDA-CRYL) using microwave and make four dental prosthesis at the different concentration. The specimens were delivered to the four toothless patients for...
This paper presents the study of the influence on the phase formation and strength of the porcela... more This paper presents the study of the influence on the phase formation and strength of the porcelain by the partial substitution of fly ash. The fly ash was calcined at the temperature of 800 °C and partially substituted into feldspar. Each mixture were mixed and pressed into green pellets sintered at different sintering temperature (1100-1300 °C) at the interval of 50 °C for 120 min. The compressive strength, crystalline phase and the microstructure of the porcelain were investigated. The optimum physical and mechanical properties were obtained at 5 wt % of fly ash porcelain sintered at 1250 °C. The apparent porosity reaches a minimum value with 0.22 % which is nearly to zero and obtained the highest compressive strength of 105.40 MPa. The XRD results reveal that the highest percentage of mullite was obtained at the substitution of 5 wt % of fly ash with 49.0 %. The glassy phase shows an increasing trend with dissolution of mullite content which affects the strength and microstructure of the porcelain.
-This research dwells on the construction and performance evaluation of mixed-mode solar dryer fo... more -This research dwells on the construction and performance evaluation of mixed-mode solar dryer for Tomato Slices at Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil. A mixed-mode solar dryer utilizes direct solar radiation from the sun as well as inputs heat from the solar collector inlet which is directly connected to the dryers and at the same time the drying cabinet absorbs solar energy directly through the transparent glass. The results obtained during the test period revealed that the temperature inside all the dryers was much higher than the ambient temperature during most hours of the daylight. However, the temperature risen up inside the drying cabinet was up to 63.1°C with one inlet and also 68.8°C with two inlets occurred within the hour immediately after 12.00 noon. The capacity of the dryer is 0.2kg of products per tray while the inlet temperature is identified to play a crucial role in the solar dryer performance.
Materials Science Forum, 2020
Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is solid waste from palm oil industries discarded after burning of shell... more Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is solid waste from palm oil industries discarded after burning of shell, fiber, kernel and empty fruit bunches to heat boiler and generate electricity. A standard porcelain consisting of clay, feldspar and quartz is produced by sintering at temperature between 1300 °C to 1400 °C for toughness and translucency. This research developed a prediction model for optimum physical and mechanical properties of porcelain by addition of Fe2O3 at 5 wt.%. Quartz was replaced with POFA powder at 15 wt.% and Fe2O3 was also added at 5 wt.% of POFA mixed with others porcelain composition. Then the powder was dry pressed into pellet at 91 MPa and the samples were sintered at 1150 °C. The bulk density, compressive strength and Vickers microhardness were found to increase by addition of Fe2O3 at 5 wt.%. Prediction model was developed and from the predicted values it is revealed that, the model is efficient and good for the purpose of this research.
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Papers by Sani Garba Durumin Iya