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Azman Azid

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Faculty Member

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia, UniSZA Science and Medicine Foundation Centre, Faculty Member

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Phone: +6096688708
Address: Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
Besut Campus
Terengganu
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Papers by Azman Azid

Flood Risk Pattern Recognition Using Chemometric Technique: A Case Study in Muda River Basin

Computational water energy and environmental engineering, 2014

This study constructs downscaling statistical model in analyzing the hydrological modeling in the... more This study constructs downscaling statistical model in analyzing the hydrological modeling in the study area which faces the risk of flood occurrence as the impact of climate change. The combination of chemometric method and time series analysis in this study show that even during the monsoon season, rainfall and stream flow are not the major contribution towards the changing of water level in the study area. Based on Correlation Test, it shows that suspended solid and water level show high correlation with p-value < 0.05. Factor Analysis being carried out to determine the major contribution to the changes of water Level and the result show that Suspended Solid shows a strong factor pattern with value 0.829. Based on Control Chat Builder for time series analysis, the Upper Control Limit for water level and suspended solid are 7.529 m and 1947.049 tons/day and the Lower Control Limit are 6.678 m and 178.135 tons/day. This shows that human development in the area gives high impact towards climate change and risk of flood in the study area which commonly faces flood during monsoon season.

Determination of selected heavy metals in airborne particles in industrial area: A baseline study

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Jun 3, 2018

This study focuses on airborne heavy metal pollution in the industrial area. Eight points from Pa... more This study focuses on airborne heavy metal pollution in the industrial area. Eight points from Paka and Gebeng Industrial Area respectively were selected for this study within two monsoon seasons. The samples were analysed for heavy metals (Cd, As, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the mean concentration

Relationship of Rainfall Distribution and Water Level on Major Flood 2014 in Pahang River Basin, Malaysia

Climate change gives impact on extreme hydrological events especially in extreme rainfall. This a... more Climate change gives impact on extreme hydrological events especially in extreme rainfall. This article discusses about the relationship of rainfall distribution and water level on major flood 2014 in Pahang River Basin, Malaysia in helping decision makers to flood management system. Based on DID Malaysia rainfall station, 56 stations have being use as point in this research and it is including Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan and Perak. Data set for this study were analysed with GIS analysis using interpolation method to develop Isohyet map and XLstat statistical software for PCA and SPC analyses. The results that were obtained from the Isohyet Map for three months was mid-November, rainfall started to increase about in range of 800mm-1200mm and the intensity keep increased to 2200mm at mid-December 2014. The high rainfall intensity sense at highland that is upstream of Pahang River. The PCA and SPC analysis also indicates the high relationship between rainfall and water level of few places at Pahang River. The Sg. Yap station and Kg. Serambi station obtained the high relationship of rainfall and water level with factor loading value at 0.9330 and 0.9051 for each station. Hydrological pattern and trend are extremely affected by climate such as north east monsoon season that occurred in South China Sea and affected Pahang during November to March. The findings of this study are important to local authorities by providing basic data as guidelines to the integrated river management at Pahang River Basin.

Assessing Indoor Air Quality Using Chemometric Models

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2018

The objectives of this study are to identify the significant variables and to verify the best sta... more The objectives of this study are to identify the significant variables and to verify the best statistical method for determining the effect of indoor air quality (IAQ) at 7 different locations in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia. The IAQ data were collected using in-situ measurement. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), linear discrimination analysis (LDA), and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were used to classify the significant variables as well as to compare the best method for determining IAQ levels. PCA verifies only 4 out of 9 parameters (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , PM 1.0 , and O 3) and is the significant variable in IAQ. The PLS-DA model classifies 89.05% correct of the IAQ variables in each station compared to LDA with only 66.67% correct. AHC identifies three cluster groups, which are highly polluted concentration (HPC), moderately polluted concentration (MPC), and low-polluted concentration (LPC) area. PLS-DA verifies the groups produced by AHC by identifying the variables that affect the quality at each station without being affected by redundancy. In conclusion, PLS-DA is a promising procedure for differentiating the group classes and determining the correct percentage of variables for IAQ.

Seasonal variations of water quality and heavy metals in two ex-mining lake using chemometric assessment approach

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

Industries involving chemical and biological substances have become major economic growth in Mala... more Industries involving chemical and biological substances have become major economic growth in Malaysia. Mining contribute a lot of benefits such as employment and monetary profit but there are many associated environmental hazards as well. The purpose of this study is to conduct a preliminary assessment on water quality and heavy metals contents at Puteri Lake and Puchong Lake in Malaysia for better perspective of the emerging issues. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted to analyze the seasonal variation of water quality and heavy metal contents. Based on the PCA results, most of the significant values of variation Varimax Factor (VF) are evidence that several parameters were affected by the temporal variation especially Ammonia Nitrogen (AN) and Total Phosphorus (TP). Dissolved Oxygen (0.8385, 0.9674) and Conductivity (0.9583, 0.8894) also showed significant variation in both lakes, Puteri and Puchong. Heavy metals content analysis at Puteri and Puchong Lake indicates t...

Pemodelan ruang kualiti udara menggunakan teknik-teknik kemometrik: Satu kajian kes di semenanjung Malaysia

The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 2015

Assessment on Bacteria in the Heavy Metal Bioremediation

The aim of this study was to identify and verify the potential bacteria as the bioremediation age... more The aim of this study was to identify and verify the potential bacteria as the bioremediation agent. It involved bacteria isolation, identification through Gram staining, analytical profile index (API) test and determine bioremediation activities by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The soil and water sample were collected from downstream of Galing River, Kuantan Malaysia. Based on phenotypic identification and iochemical analysis, the bacteria present at the vicinity area are possibility of Myroides spp. and Micrococcus spp. These bacteria were proven as bioremediation agent based on the ICPMS result. The result 1 ppm of Zink (Zn), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Selenium (Se), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), and Indium (In) dwindled after the bacteria inoculated and incubated for seven days in mixture of base salt media (BSM) with the heavy metal elements. Therefore, this proves that the bacteria which are present at downstream of Galing River, Kuantan Malaysia ar...

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM ( GIS ) FOR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DENGUE DISEASE AND CLIMATIC FACTORS AT CHERAS , MALAYSIA ( Perhubungan Antara

The Geographical Information System (GIS) was utilized to generate dengue distribution cases and ... more The Geographical Information System (GIS) was utilized to generate dengue distribution cases and its correlation to the climatic factors in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The data were provided by Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL). The data was integrated with Kuala Lumpur map to graphically present information about the areas which been hit by the dengue outbreak through a graphic display. The analysis using focused on overlay, buffer creating, and query builder. The statistical analysis such as linear regression is undertaken to show the correlation between dengue diseases with the climatic factors that is rainfall, temperature and relative humidity for the year 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011. The study found that there is no correlation between disease incidence and total rainfall (R=0.057). Thus, it can be concluded that the climatic factors were not contributed to the dengue cases. Through this research, highly expect that the dengue distribution map had been developed and can b...

Environmental Management on Natural Lake Using Sediment and Hydrology Hydraulic Models

The hydrology hydraulic model is established to assess environmental information on hydrology whi... more The hydrology hydraulic model is established to assess environmental information on hydrology which can be used to investigate causes of various environmental problems at the river and natural lake catchment. This study reports on sediment concentrations at a river using a gravimetric method to investigate the hydrology system at a lake catchment. The measurement was carried out at the upstream, midstream, and downstream stations on the river in normal, rainy and post-rainy seasons. The stations are located along the Chini River, which are connected to a catchment lake (located at latitude 3°26’36.41”E-3°27’03.26”E and longitude 102°54’31.94”N-102°53’35.49”N). From the measurements, it is estimated that on average 787.621 tonne/km 2 of sediment is transferred into the natural lake via Chini River annually. The correlation of statistical analysis between the sediment load and discharge study was very significant (R 2 = 0.980). There is a linear relation between the area of the catchm...

Metal concentration at surface water using multivariate analysis and human health risk assessment

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

defined the concentration of metals in Kerteh and Paka River water and their potential health ris... more defined the concentration of metals in Kerteh and Paka River water and their potential health risk towards human. 54 water samples were collected and analyzed using ICP esults revealed that most of the stations in Kerteh River gave the higher concentration Pb compared to Paka River. However As, Cr and Malaysia standard for all stations in both rivers. Cd, Cu, Zn, Co and Ni were standard permissible levels during the sampling component analysis (PCA) revealed that both geogenic and anthropogenic sources were metals contamination in both rivers. Moreover, risk assessments for all safe limits, except for As in the Kerteh River for both adult and child for both genders.

Air quality modelling using chemometric techniques

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

The datasets of air quality parameters for three years (2012 the result of three different groups... more The datasets of air quality parameters for three years (2012 the result of three different groups of similarity based on the characteristics of air quality parameters. DA shows all seven paramet the most significant variables after stepwise backward mode. PCA identifies the major sour of air pollution is due to combustion of fossil fuels in motor vehicles and industrial activities. The ANN model shows a better prediction compared to the MLR model with R2 values equal to 0.819 and 0.773 respectively.

Assessment of water quality status using univariate analysis at Klang and Juru River, Malaysia

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

Klang River and Juru River which today suffers from water quality problems resulting from anthrop... more Klang River and Juru River which today suffers from water quality problems resulting from anthropogenic and geomorphology quality status from 2009 until 2013. 10 monitoring stations covering along Klang River and Juru River were selected. Six water quality parameters analyzed based on in analysis were carried out according to the univariate analysis to obtain WQI level. The result indicated the impact of various anthropogenic and geomorphology activities contributed higher values of BOD, COD, SS Juru River still on stable condition. upstream area triggered by pollutants from waste products of development activities inclusion of a high amount of pollutants of Klang River and Juru River.

The Assessment of the Variation of Physico-Chemical Sources for Drinking Water Quality Using Chemometrics: A Case Study at Water Treatment Plants in Klang Valley

Jurnal Teknologi, 2016

This case study characterizes the drinking water quality by using the multivariate technique. The... more This case study characterizes the drinking water quality by using the multivariate technique. The spatial variation of the physico-chemical and heavy metals parameters toxicity with the drinking water quality based on 28 water treatment plants in Selangor, Malaysia from 2009 to 2012 was evaluated. The objectives of this study are to analyze the physio-chemical activities and heavy metals activities in the collected drinking water samples from the treatment plants, and to detect the source of pollution for the most revealing parameters. The discriminant analysis (DA) and the principal component analysis (PCA) are the chemometric techniques used to investigate the spatial variation of the most significant physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters of the drinking water samples. The classification matrix accuracy for standard mode of DA, forward stepwise and backward stepwise for the physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters are excellent. PCA highlighted 13 significant parameters o...

HYDROGEN GAS PRODUCTION FROM GLYCEROL VIA STEAM REFORMING USING NICKEL LOADED ZEOLITE CATALYST (Penghasilan Gas Hidrogen daripada Gliserol melalui Kaedah Pembaharuan Stim dengan menggunakan Pemangkin Nikel-Zeolite)

Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences

Flood Risk Pattern Recognition by Using Environmetric Technique: A Case Study in Langat River Basin

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

This study looks into the downscaling of statistical model to produce and predict hydrological mo... more This study looks into the downscaling of statistical model to produce and predict hydrological modelling in the study area based on secondary data derived from the Department of Drainage and Irrigation (DID) since 1982-2012. The combination of chemometric method and time series analysis in this study showed that the monsoon season and rainfall did not affect the water level, but the suspended solid, stream flow and water level that revealed high correlation in correlation test with p-value < 0.0001, which affected the water level. The Factor analysis for the variables of the stream flow, suspended solid and water level showed strong factor pattern with coefficient more than 0.7, and 0.987, 1.000 and 1.000, respectively. Based on the Statistical Process Control (SPC), the Upper Control Limit for water level, suspended solid and stream flow were 21.110 m3/s, 4624.553 tonnes/day, and 8.224 m/s, while the Lower Control Limit were 20.711 m, 2538.92 tonnes/day and 2.040 m/s. This show...

Assessment of the Spatial Variation and Source Apportionment of Air Pollution Based on Chemometric Techniques: A Case Study in the Peninsular Malaysia

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

This study aims to investigate the spatial variation in the source of air pollution, identify the... more This study aims to investigate the spatial variation in the source of air pollution, identify the percentage contribution of each pollutant and apportion the mass contribution of each source category using chemometric techniques. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) successfully grouped the five air monitoring sites into three groups (cluster 1, 2 and 3). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to spot out the sources of air pollution which are attributed to anthropogenic activities. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to develop an equation model that explains the contribution of pollutants in each cluster. However, it was observed that particulate matter (PM10) and Ozone (O3) are the most significant pollutants influencing the value of air pollutant index (API). Meanwhile, the source apportionment indicates that cluster 1 is influenced by gas and non-gas pollutants to a degree of 84%, weather condition 15% and 1% by gas and secondary pollutants. Cluster 2 i...

Heavy Metal in Fish: Analysis and Human Health-A Review

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

Living organisms require trace amounts of heavy metals, including cobalt, copper, manganese and z... more Living organisms require trace amounts of heavy metals, including cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc to survive. However, the excessive levels of the metal can be detrimental to the organism. Other heavy metals such as mercury, lead and cadmium have no vital on organisms, and their accumulation in long time period in the bodies can cause serious illness or death. The consumption of fish is recommended because fish is a basic and good nutritious food that has omega-3 fatty acids due to its cardio-protective effects. This present mini-review accounts for the description of heavy metal in fish and the effect of toxic metals on the human health. Besides, the acid digestion method was also discussed in order to identify the best method for applying in the laboratory analysis. The best method used can reduce the contamination error in the results.

Coastal Erosion Measurement Along Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh, Pahang During the Northeast Monsoon Season

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

The map of Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh from 1996 to 2004 revealed that there were significant ... more The map of Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh from 1996 to 2004 revealed that there were significant changes on coastal profiles. If the problem remains unsolved within 5 to 10 years, the beaches in the area might be fully eroded. The main objective of this study is to measure erosion of the coastline along Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh, Pahang during the northeast monsoon (December 2013 to February 2014). Transit set and dry sieving method were used for beach profile and grain size characteristics measurement. GRADISTAT v8 program is used for sedimentological analysis. Cluster analysis was used to show the group of higher eroded, medium eroded and lower eroded. The study found that almost all of the beach profiles had increased in length and the beach slopes were steeper; meanwhile the sedimentological analysis indicated that all the stations were dominated by sandy type during the period of study. The action of higher waves, tides and currents were the biggest contribution to erosion...

Preliminary Study of Vehicular Trafﬁc Effect on Radio Signal for Radio

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

Radio signals detected from the ground are very weak since it travels far from the universe. Radi... more Radio signals detected from the ground are very weak since it travels far from the universe. Radio wave carries photons with low energies compared to other electromagnetic spectra such as visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and the most energetic electromagnetic wave is gamma-rays. The microwave region is the shortest wavelength of radio waves. Hence, microwave photons have greater energy. Radio astronomy studies are restricted due to radio frequency interference (RFI) that produces by human daily activities. If this disturbance is not shrinkage, it poses critical problems in radio observation. There are many factors of man-made RFI, such as, the availability of mobile telecommunications, radio transmission, TV broadcasting, satellite communication, vehicular traffic area, power transmission line and many more. In this paper, we present a preliminary study of the radio sources (electronic system in the car) from the vehicular traffic area (highway) on radio astronomy observation. Th...

Preliminary Study of Radio Astronomical Lines Effect of Rain Below 2.9 GHZ

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

An appropriate site selection for radio astronomy observation is very important in order to find ... more An appropriate site selection for radio astronomy observation is very important in order to find a low level site in RFI value. The aim of this study is to select the best possible factors for astronomical observation sites. There are many factors such as slope, raindrop, river, population density, road network, land used, wireless telephone technology interrupts radio astronomy observation. In this study, we have reported one of the factors that affect radio observation which is rain effect. The site selection study is the most crucial part of decision makers proposes where to build an astronomical observatory, especially in radio astronomy with a maximum efficiency. The observation apparatus was set up to study the effect of rainfall and raindrop to the radio signal. We found that, in the inside observation, we found that spectral lines (Deuterium, Hydrogen, and two Hydroxyl lines) show that the rain gives no effect to radio signal in those windows. We also found that there is ver...

Flood Risk Pattern Recognition Using Chemometric Technique: A Case Study in Muda River Basin

Computational water energy and environmental engineering, 2014

This study constructs downscaling statistical model in analyzing the hydrological modeling in the... more This study constructs downscaling statistical model in analyzing the hydrological modeling in the study area which faces the risk of flood occurrence as the impact of climate change. The combination of chemometric method and time series analysis in this study show that even during the monsoon season, rainfall and stream flow are not the major contribution towards the changing of water level in the study area. Based on Correlation Test, it shows that suspended solid and water level show high correlation with p-value < 0.05. Factor Analysis being carried out to determine the major contribution to the changes of water Level and the result show that Suspended Solid shows a strong factor pattern with value 0.829. Based on Control Chat Builder for time series analysis, the Upper Control Limit for water level and suspended solid are 7.529 m and 1947.049 tons/day and the Lower Control Limit are 6.678 m and 178.135 tons/day. This shows that human development in the area gives high impact towards climate change and risk of flood in the study area which commonly faces flood during monsoon season.

Determination of selected heavy metals in airborne particles in industrial area: A baseline study

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Jun 3, 2018

This study focuses on airborne heavy metal pollution in the industrial area. Eight points from Pa... more This study focuses on airborne heavy metal pollution in the industrial area. Eight points from Paka and Gebeng Industrial Area respectively were selected for this study within two monsoon seasons. The samples were analysed for heavy metals (Cd, As, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the mean concentration

Relationship of Rainfall Distribution and Water Level on Major Flood 2014 in Pahang River Basin, Malaysia

Climate change gives impact on extreme hydrological events especially in extreme rainfall. This a... more Climate change gives impact on extreme hydrological events especially in extreme rainfall. This article discusses about the relationship of rainfall distribution and water level on major flood 2014 in Pahang River Basin, Malaysia in helping decision makers to flood management system. Based on DID Malaysia rainfall station, 56 stations have being use as point in this research and it is including Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan and Perak. Data set for this study were analysed with GIS analysis using interpolation method to develop Isohyet map and XLstat statistical software for PCA and SPC analyses. The results that were obtained from the Isohyet Map for three months was mid-November, rainfall started to increase about in range of 800mm-1200mm and the intensity keep increased to 2200mm at mid-December 2014. The high rainfall intensity sense at highland that is upstream of Pahang River. The PCA and SPC analysis also indicates the high relationship between rainfall and water level of few places at Pahang River. The Sg. Yap station and Kg. Serambi station obtained the high relationship of rainfall and water level with factor loading value at 0.9330 and 0.9051 for each station. Hydrological pattern and trend are extremely affected by climate such as north east monsoon season that occurred in South China Sea and affected Pahang during November to March. The findings of this study are important to local authorities by providing basic data as guidelines to the integrated river management at Pahang River Basin.

Assessing Indoor Air Quality Using Chemometric Models

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2018

The objectives of this study are to identify the significant variables and to verify the best sta... more The objectives of this study are to identify the significant variables and to verify the best statistical method for determining the effect of indoor air quality (IAQ) at 7 different locations in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia. The IAQ data were collected using in-situ measurement. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), linear discrimination analysis (LDA), and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were used to classify the significant variables as well as to compare the best method for determining IAQ levels. PCA verifies only 4 out of 9 parameters (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , PM 1.0 , and O 3) and is the significant variable in IAQ. The PLS-DA model classifies 89.05% correct of the IAQ variables in each station compared to LDA with only 66.67% correct. AHC identifies three cluster groups, which are highly polluted concentration (HPC), moderately polluted concentration (MPC), and low-polluted concentration (LPC) area. PLS-DA verifies the groups produced by AHC by identifying the variables that affect the quality at each station without being affected by redundancy. In conclusion, PLS-DA is a promising procedure for differentiating the group classes and determining the correct percentage of variables for IAQ.

Seasonal variations of water quality and heavy metals in two ex-mining lake using chemometric assessment approach

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

Industries involving chemical and biological substances have become major economic growth in Mala... more Industries involving chemical and biological substances have become major economic growth in Malaysia. Mining contribute a lot of benefits such as employment and monetary profit but there are many associated environmental hazards as well. The purpose of this study is to conduct a preliminary assessment on water quality and heavy metals contents at Puteri Lake and Puchong Lake in Malaysia for better perspective of the emerging issues. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted to analyze the seasonal variation of water quality and heavy metal contents. Based on the PCA results, most of the significant values of variation Varimax Factor (VF) are evidence that several parameters were affected by the temporal variation especially Ammonia Nitrogen (AN) and Total Phosphorus (TP). Dissolved Oxygen (0.8385, 0.9674) and Conductivity (0.9583, 0.8894) also showed significant variation in both lakes, Puteri and Puchong. Heavy metals content analysis at Puteri and Puchong Lake indicates t...

Pemodelan ruang kualiti udara menggunakan teknik-teknik kemometrik: Satu kajian kes di semenanjung Malaysia

The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 2015

Assessment on Bacteria in the Heavy Metal Bioremediation

The aim of this study was to identify and verify the potential bacteria as the bioremediation age... more The aim of this study was to identify and verify the potential bacteria as the bioremediation agent. It involved bacteria isolation, identification through Gram staining, analytical profile index (API) test and determine bioremediation activities by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The soil and water sample were collected from downstream of Galing River, Kuantan Malaysia. Based on phenotypic identification and iochemical analysis, the bacteria present at the vicinity area are possibility of Myroides spp. and Micrococcus spp. These bacteria were proven as bioremediation agent based on the ICPMS result. The result 1 ppm of Zink (Zn), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Selenium (Se), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), and Indium (In) dwindled after the bacteria inoculated and incubated for seven days in mixture of base salt media (BSM) with the heavy metal elements. Therefore, this proves that the bacteria which are present at downstream of Galing River, Kuantan Malaysia ar...

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM ( GIS ) FOR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DENGUE DISEASE AND CLIMATIC FACTORS AT CHERAS , MALAYSIA ( Perhubungan Antara

The Geographical Information System (GIS) was utilized to generate dengue distribution cases and ... more The Geographical Information System (GIS) was utilized to generate dengue distribution cases and its correlation to the climatic factors in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The data were provided by Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL). The data was integrated with Kuala Lumpur map to graphically present information about the areas which been hit by the dengue outbreak through a graphic display. The analysis using focused on overlay, buffer creating, and query builder. The statistical analysis such as linear regression is undertaken to show the correlation between dengue diseases with the climatic factors that is rainfall, temperature and relative humidity for the year 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011. The study found that there is no correlation between disease incidence and total rainfall (R=0.057). Thus, it can be concluded that the climatic factors were not contributed to the dengue cases. Through this research, highly expect that the dengue distribution map had been developed and can b...

Environmental Management on Natural Lake Using Sediment and Hydrology Hydraulic Models

The hydrology hydraulic model is established to assess environmental information on hydrology whi... more The hydrology hydraulic model is established to assess environmental information on hydrology which can be used to investigate causes of various environmental problems at the river and natural lake catchment. This study reports on sediment concentrations at a river using a gravimetric method to investigate the hydrology system at a lake catchment. The measurement was carried out at the upstream, midstream, and downstream stations on the river in normal, rainy and post-rainy seasons. The stations are located along the Chini River, which are connected to a catchment lake (located at latitude 3°26’36.41”E-3°27’03.26”E and longitude 102°54’31.94”N-102°53’35.49”N). From the measurements, it is estimated that on average 787.621 tonne/km 2 of sediment is transferred into the natural lake via Chini River annually. The correlation of statistical analysis between the sediment load and discharge study was very significant (R 2 = 0.980). There is a linear relation between the area of the catchm...

Metal concentration at surface water using multivariate analysis and human health risk assessment

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

defined the concentration of metals in Kerteh and Paka River water and their potential health ris... more defined the concentration of metals in Kerteh and Paka River water and their potential health risk towards human. 54 water samples were collected and analyzed using ICP esults revealed that most of the stations in Kerteh River gave the higher concentration Pb compared to Paka River. However As, Cr and Malaysia standard for all stations in both rivers. Cd, Cu, Zn, Co and Ni were standard permissible levels during the sampling component analysis (PCA) revealed that both geogenic and anthropogenic sources were metals contamination in both rivers. Moreover, risk assessments for all safe limits, except for As in the Kerteh River for both adult and child for both genders.

Air quality modelling using chemometric techniques

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

The datasets of air quality parameters for three years (2012 the result of three different groups... more The datasets of air quality parameters for three years (2012 the result of three different groups of similarity based on the characteristics of air quality parameters. DA shows all seven paramet the most significant variables after stepwise backward mode. PCA identifies the major sour of air pollution is due to combustion of fossil fuels in motor vehicles and industrial activities. The ANN model shows a better prediction compared to the MLR model with R2 values equal to 0.819 and 0.773 respectively.

Assessment of water quality status using univariate analysis at Klang and Juru River, Malaysia

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

Klang River and Juru River which today suffers from water quality problems resulting from anthrop... more Klang River and Juru River which today suffers from water quality problems resulting from anthropogenic and geomorphology quality status from 2009 until 2013. 10 monitoring stations covering along Klang River and Juru River were selected. Six water quality parameters analyzed based on in analysis were carried out according to the univariate analysis to obtain WQI level. The result indicated the impact of various anthropogenic and geomorphology activities contributed higher values of BOD, COD, SS Juru River still on stable condition. upstream area triggered by pollutants from waste products of development activities inclusion of a high amount of pollutants of Klang River and Juru River.

The Assessment of the Variation of Physico-Chemical Sources for Drinking Water Quality Using Chemometrics: A Case Study at Water Treatment Plants in Klang Valley

Jurnal Teknologi, 2016

This case study characterizes the drinking water quality by using the multivariate technique. The... more This case study characterizes the drinking water quality by using the multivariate technique. The spatial variation of the physico-chemical and heavy metals parameters toxicity with the drinking water quality based on 28 water treatment plants in Selangor, Malaysia from 2009 to 2012 was evaluated. The objectives of this study are to analyze the physio-chemical activities and heavy metals activities in the collected drinking water samples from the treatment plants, and to detect the source of pollution for the most revealing parameters. The discriminant analysis (DA) and the principal component analysis (PCA) are the chemometric techniques used to investigate the spatial variation of the most significant physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters of the drinking water samples. The classification matrix accuracy for standard mode of DA, forward stepwise and backward stepwise for the physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters are excellent. PCA highlighted 13 significant parameters o...

HYDROGEN GAS PRODUCTION FROM GLYCEROL VIA STEAM REFORMING USING NICKEL LOADED ZEOLITE CATALYST (Penghasilan Gas Hidrogen daripada Gliserol melalui Kaedah Pembaharuan Stim dengan menggunakan Pemangkin Nikel-Zeolite)

Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences

Flood Risk Pattern Recognition by Using Environmetric Technique: A Case Study in Langat River Basin

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

This study looks into the downscaling of statistical model to produce and predict hydrological mo... more This study looks into the downscaling of statistical model to produce and predict hydrological modelling in the study area based on secondary data derived from the Department of Drainage and Irrigation (DID) since 1982-2012. The combination of chemometric method and time series analysis in this study showed that the monsoon season and rainfall did not affect the water level, but the suspended solid, stream flow and water level that revealed high correlation in correlation test with p-value < 0.0001, which affected the water level. The Factor analysis for the variables of the stream flow, suspended solid and water level showed strong factor pattern with coefficient more than 0.7, and 0.987, 1.000 and 1.000, respectively. Based on the Statistical Process Control (SPC), the Upper Control Limit for water level, suspended solid and stream flow were 21.110 m3/s, 4624.553 tonnes/day, and 8.224 m/s, while the Lower Control Limit were 20.711 m, 2538.92 tonnes/day and 2.040 m/s. This show...

Assessment of the Spatial Variation and Source Apportionment of Air Pollution Based on Chemometric Techniques: A Case Study in the Peninsular Malaysia

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

This study aims to investigate the spatial variation in the source of air pollution, identify the... more This study aims to investigate the spatial variation in the source of air pollution, identify the percentage contribution of each pollutant and apportion the mass contribution of each source category using chemometric techniques. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) successfully grouped the five air monitoring sites into three groups (cluster 1, 2 and 3). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to spot out the sources of air pollution which are attributed to anthropogenic activities. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to develop an equation model that explains the contribution of pollutants in each cluster. However, it was observed that particulate matter (PM10) and Ozone (O3) are the most significant pollutants influencing the value of air pollutant index (API). Meanwhile, the source apportionment indicates that cluster 1 is influenced by gas and non-gas pollutants to a degree of 84%, weather condition 15% and 1% by gas and secondary pollutants. Cluster 2 i...

Heavy Metal in Fish: Analysis and Human Health-A Review

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

Living organisms require trace amounts of heavy metals, including cobalt, copper, manganese and z... more Living organisms require trace amounts of heavy metals, including cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc to survive. However, the excessive levels of the metal can be detrimental to the organism. Other heavy metals such as mercury, lead and cadmium have no vital on organisms, and their accumulation in long time period in the bodies can cause serious illness or death. The consumption of fish is recommended because fish is a basic and good nutritious food that has omega-3 fatty acids due to its cardio-protective effects. This present mini-review accounts for the description of heavy metal in fish and the effect of toxic metals on the human health. Besides, the acid digestion method was also discussed in order to identify the best method for applying in the laboratory analysis. The best method used can reduce the contamination error in the results.

Coastal Erosion Measurement Along Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh, Pahang During the Northeast Monsoon Season

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

The map of Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh from 1996 to 2004 revealed that there were significant ... more The map of Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh from 1996 to 2004 revealed that there were significant changes on coastal profiles. If the problem remains unsolved within 5 to 10 years, the beaches in the area might be fully eroded. The main objective of this study is to measure erosion of the coastline along Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh, Pahang during the northeast monsoon (December 2013 to February 2014). Transit set and dry sieving method were used for beach profile and grain size characteristics measurement. GRADISTAT v8 program is used for sedimentological analysis. Cluster analysis was used to show the group of higher eroded, medium eroded and lower eroded. The study found that almost all of the beach profiles had increased in length and the beach slopes were steeper; meanwhile the sedimentological analysis indicated that all the stations were dominated by sandy type during the period of study. The action of higher waves, tides and currents were the biggest contribution to erosion...

Preliminary Study of Vehicular Trafﬁc Effect on Radio Signal for Radio

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

Radio signals detected from the ground are very weak since it travels far from the universe. Radi... more Radio signals detected from the ground are very weak since it travels far from the universe. Radio wave carries photons with low energies compared to other electromagnetic spectra such as visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and the most energetic electromagnetic wave is gamma-rays. The microwave region is the shortest wavelength of radio waves. Hence, microwave photons have greater energy. Radio astronomy studies are restricted due to radio frequency interference (RFI) that produces by human daily activities. If this disturbance is not shrinkage, it poses critical problems in radio observation. There are many factors of man-made RFI, such as, the availability of mobile telecommunications, radio transmission, TV broadcasting, satellite communication, vehicular traffic area, power transmission line and many more. In this paper, we present a preliminary study of the radio sources (electronic system in the car) from the vehicular traffic area (highway) on radio astronomy observation. Th...

Preliminary Study of Radio Astronomical Lines Effect of Rain Below 2.9 GHZ

Jurnal Teknologi, 2015

An appropriate site selection for radio astronomy observation is very important in order to find ... more An appropriate site selection for radio astronomy observation is very important in order to find a low level site in RFI value. The aim of this study is to select the best possible factors for astronomical observation sites. There are many factors such as slope, raindrop, river, population density, road network, land used, wireless telephone technology interrupts radio astronomy observation. In this study, we have reported one of the factors that affect radio observation which is rain effect. The site selection study is the most crucial part of decision makers proposes where to build an astronomical observatory, especially in radio astronomy with a maximum efficiency. The observation apparatus was set up to study the effect of rainfall and raindrop to the radio signal. We found that, in the inside observation, we found that spectral lines (Deuterium, Hydrogen, and two Hydroxyl lines) show that the rain gives no effect to radio signal in those windows. We also found that there is ver...

Seasonal variations of water quality and heavy metals in two ex-mining lakes using Chemometric Assessment Approach

by Saiful Iskandar, Zati Sharip, and Azman Azid

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

Industries involving chemical and biological substances have become major economic growth in Mala... more Industries involving chemical and biological substances have become major economic growth in Malaysia. Mining contribute a lot of benefits such as employment and monetary profit but there are many associated environmental hazards as well. The purpose of this study is to conduct a preliminary assessment on water quality and heavy metals contents at Puteri Lake and Puchong Lake in Malaysia for better perspective of the emerging issues. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted to analyze the seasonal variation of water quality and heavy metal contents. Based on the PCA results, most of the significant values of variation Varimax Factor (VF) are evidence that several parameters were affected by the temporal variation especially Ammonia Nitrogen (AN) and Total Phosphorus (TP). Dissolved Oxygen (0.8385, 0.9674) and Conductivity (0.9583, 0.8894) also showed significant variation in both lakes, Puteri and Puchong. Heavy metals content analysis at Puteri and Puchong Lake indicates that both lakes had different significant metal elements such as Fe, Zn, Na, Ni and Cu for Puteri Lake with percentage variation of 55.6 percent and As, Pb and Cd for Puchong Lake at 36.1 percent due to the different land use characteristic and history of mining. Water quality and heavy metal variations are due to anthropogenic (mining, construction and domestic waste) and natural processes (erosion, runoff and geological area) of the study areas. This environmental tool provided a more objective interpretation of water pollution status and sources. Therefore a lot of research needs to be carried out to assess the pollution impact of the area on the environment and for rehabilitation and tourism development of the study areas.

A Preliminary study of physico-chemical marine water quality status using principal component analysis at selected mangrove estuaries in east coast Peninsular Malaysia

by Zati Sharip and Azman Azid

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2017

This research presents marine water quality status in three different mangrove estuaries. The obj... more This research presents marine water quality status in three different mangrove estuaries. The objective of this study is to evaluate the surface water quality of three estuaries in east coast Peninsular Malaysia. The parameters measured were Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Salinity (SAL), total dissolved solid (TDS), ammonium (NH4-N), turbidity (TUR), total suspended solid (TSS) and coliform. Monthly sampling was performed during the dry season, from June 2016 until September 2016. Data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA yielded two PCs where VF1 forms strong factor loadings for pH, NH4-N, SAL, and TDS signifying saltwater intrusion in mangrove area. VF2 designed strong factors of BOD, TUR and Coliform and strong negative loading of DO indicating anthropogenic pollutions in the area. This study output will be a baseline setting for future studies in mangrove estuary marine water quality. Mangrove marine water samples of future monitoring studies in mangrove estuary will benefit by enabling understanding of pollution loading and coastal water quality. It is essential to plan a workable water quality modelling as powerful tool to simulate marine water quality and forecast future consequences to facilitate mangrove biodiversity conservation.