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Roberto Iorio

University of Salerno Italy, Department of Social and Political Studies, Faculty Member

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Associate Professor of Applied Economics

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SALVATORE FARACE

University of Salerno Italy

Fernanda Mazzotta

University of Salerno Italy

University of Salerno

Damiano Fiorillo

Matteo Fragetta

Roberto Dell'Anno

University of Salerno Italy

Elisabetta Marzano

Centro di Ricerca di Economia del Lavoro e Politica Economica

Massimiliano Bencardino

University of Salerno

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paper by Roberto Iorio

Diffusion, drivers and motivations of the Innovations With Environmental Benefits (IWEBs) in the Italian industrial system: a preliminary study on data from the Community Innovation Survey

CELPE Discussion paper n.169

Analyzing data from the 2020 Community Innovation Survey for Italy, we study the phenomenon of ec... more Analyzing data from the 2020 Community Innovation Survey for Italy, we study the phenomenon of eco-innovation, that is the introduction of Innovations With Environmental Benefits (IWEBs). We aim to give an idea of the attitude of firms towards the changes deriving from climate change, of the magnitude of eco-innovation phenomenon in Italy, of the benefits deriving from eco-innovations, of the reasons that induce firms to introduce them. We analyze whether and to what extent the importance attributed to environmental factors is effectively translated in the introduction of IWEBs, if and how the importance given to different motivations for introducing an IWEB is related to the number of benefits it generates. We also study if and how some characteristics of the firms, like sector, size, human capital, have a relationship with the probability to introduce an IWEB, both directly and influencing the motivations related to the eco-innovation.

Heterogeneous Links Between Corruption and Innovation in a Global Economy

Preprints.org, 2024

This study examines the impact of corruption on innovation in businesses from a compar- ative sta... more This study examines the impact of corruption on innovation in businesses from a compar-
ative standpoint, demonstrating that the relationship is undoubtedly heterogeneous between busi-
nesses and nations. There are two primary research questions addressed: i) In the countries under inspection does corruption help or hinder the innovative activities? ii) To what degree is the insti-
tutional framework and business strategy (domestic and international presence) influencing the re-
lationship between corruption and innovation? We use the V and VI surveys (2012–2016 and 2018–
2019) of EBRD-World Bank Business Environment and Performance Survey, with a balanced panel with 3584 establishments across 22 countries, economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The findings show two key points about the link between corruption and innovation: (1) the importance of institutional settings for the link’s strength and even direction when EU and non-EU countries are compared and (2) the diverse effects of corruption at the firm-level, when foreign and domestic ownership is considered: the “greasing” effect is particularly relevant for foreign firms in weak institutional environments but appears useless, if not sanding, for foreign firms in settings with stronger controls over corruption.

Research collaboration networks in biotechnology: exploring the trade-off between institutional and geographic distance

Industry and Innovation, 2013

This paper investigates the relationship between spatial and institutional distances in research ... more This paper investigates the relationship between spatial and institutional distances in research collaboration networks using data on co-authorship in scientific publications in the Italian “red” biotech sector. Specific tools of social network analysis complemented by multivariate analysis are used to show that there is a trade-off between institutional and geographic distances whatever the nature of the knowledge exchanged, namely the degree to which knowledge is basic or applied. However, the levels of geographic and institutional distances substantially differ across basic and applied research networks. Measures of the intensity of relationships are also considered in the analysis.

The importance of pro-social behaviour for the breadth and depth of knowledge transfer activities: an analysis of Italian academic scientists

Research Policy, 2017

The debate on the entrepreneurial university has raised questions about what motivates academics ... more The debate on the entrepreneurial university has raised questions about what motivates academics to engage with the external environment and what forms knowledge transfer (KT) activities should take. This paper distinguishes between the variety of forms of engagement (KT breadth) and the intensity of collaboration (KT depth) in the analysis of their motivations. The paper relies on a sample of Italian academics from different scientific fields over the period 2004–2008. Whereas previous literature has shown that academics are essentially motivated by learning opportunities, fundraising and satisfaction derived from puzzle solving in research activities, our paper provides evidence of the positive role of an additional motivation for both the breadth and depth of KT: the extent to which the academic scientist advances the societal role of universities (“mission” motivation). We find that both “funding” and “mission” motivations have a positive effect on the variety and intensity of KT activities, with little effect for learning opportunities. Our results show also a higher effect of “funding” and “mission” on the depth of KT activities compared to their breadth.

The Drivers of Managerial Practices: Firm and Country Characteristics Explaining Managerial Performance

International Journal of Busienss and Mangement, 2019

A large body of researches in recent years resulted in the growth of knowledge about better or wo... more A large body of researches in recent years resulted in the growth of knowledge about better or worse management practices. However, comparative research using firm-level data has been limited by the different styles on management and by the unavailability of homogeneous data sources, especially in former transition and Asian countries. This study fills this gap, by using the firm-level survey by EBRD and World Bank (BEEPS V-MENA ES, 2012-2014) and by looking at the determinants of a Management quality score (MQS) for more than 17.000 firms in 36 countries of Central Asia, Eastern Europe and Northern Africa. We find that both country and firm characteristics matter for managerial skills but the ladder weight differently. In fact, the country-grouping changes, accelerates or dampens the impact of firms’ characteristics on management performance and identifies the channels conducive of better managerial practices. Competition, education, and technology are important channels for the high-income countries only, whereas global value chain participation and ownership are significant channels for the low-income countries only. In particular, GVC participation enhances significantly managerial practices of firms in low-income countries especially for the lower quartile firms. Hence, this study provides empirical support for interplay between country and firm characteristics in transitional and emerging markets. In addition, it provides support for an enhanced connection between business environment reforms devoted to managerial upgrading and industrial policy devoted to enhancing best-performing firms’ characteristics. As such, it suggests that only their complementary and targeted use can support management and business practices upgrading.

Papers by Roberto Iorio

Is paying bribes worthwhile? Corruption and innovation in middle-income countries

Eurasian Business Review, 2022

Corruption research in economics has a long history. Seminal early articles, and older findings c... more Corruption research in economics has a long history. Seminal early articles, and older findings contrast with newer developments which have as yet not been measured empirically; in particular the link between corruption and innovating activities suffers from multiple results, on both a national country and company or firm level. This paper examines the corruption-innovation link in transition and emerging countries as the decision to corrupt, and the ability to innovate may not be independent. An endogenous switching regression model is advocated as a suitably methodological way of modeling the joint determination of a firm’s innovation and possible bribes as it implies not only a selection between corrupted and non-corrupted firms, but also heterogeneous effects on innovative activities. The paper shows that, when the selection effect is adequately considered, different firms’ strategies arise. In particular, the treatment effect of corruption on innovation is positive for corrupti...

The Drivers of Managerial Practices: Firm and Country Characteristics Explaining Managerial Performance

International Journal of Business and Management, 2019

A large body of researches in recent years resulted in the growth of knowledge about better or wo... more A large body of researches in recent years resulted in the growth of knowledge about better or worse management practices. However, comparative research using firm-level data has been limited by the different styles on management and by the unavailability of homogeneous data sources, especially in former transition and Asian countries. This study fills this gap, by using the firm-level survey by EBRD and World Bank (BEEPS V-MENA ES, 2012-2014) and by looking at the determinants of a Management quality score (MQS) for more than 17.000 firms in 36 countries of Central Asia, Eastern Europe and Northern Africa. We find that both country and firm characteristics matter for managerial skills but the ladder weight differently. In fact, the country-grouping changes, accelerates or dampens the impact of firms’ characteristics on management performance and identifies the channels conducive of better managerial practices. Competition, education, and technology are important channels for the hi...

Rising wage and income inequality. Reviewing a renewed debate

The debate about wage and income inequality is receiving in recent years a renewed interest, driv... more The debate about wage and income inequality is receiving in recent years a renewed interest, driven by the public perception of the recent evolution of this topic. This paper takes up the last twenty-five years of debate contrasting the “demand-supply” interpretation of inequalities with a more “institutional-based” view, and evaluates this debate in the light of some current issues, in particular the impact of immigration and of the Great Recession. In this paper we offer a synthetic view of the debate about wage and income differentials in last twenty-five years. We report the content of some key contribution about ins and try to give an interpretative line, contrasting the “demand-supply” interpretation of inequalities and more “institutional-based” view. We also deal with the recent literature on the relationship between income inequality and economic crisis.

R&D policy evaluation: a case study on Law 46/1982 in Italy

Soddisfazione ed insoddisfazione nel lavoro. Determinanti individuali dell'insoddisfazione lavorativa e analisi dei fattori di disagio. Un'analisi del caso del Trivento

Questo lavoro d'analisi nasce da un'elaborazione tratta da una recente e rilevante ricerc... more Questo lavoro d'analisi nasce da un'elaborazione tratta da una recente e rilevante ricerca sul lavoro in Italia. Rispetto al campione nazionale sono stati da noi analizzati i dati relativi al sottocampione del Triveneto. Si è concentrata l'attenzione sul diverso livello di soddisfazione ed insoddisfazione sul lavoro mettendolo in relazione con caratteristiche individuali e strutturali. Si sono poi analizzati i diversi fattori di disagio e gli elementi di limitazione sul lavoro segnalati dai rispondenti al questionario, in rapporto ai diversi livelli di soddisfazione. Nella letteratura sociologica e dell'organizzazione i temi della soddisfazione rispetto al lavoro si articolano principalmente attorno alla teoria dei bisogni ed alla teoria delle motivazioni. Rispetto alle diverse teorie sulla soddisfazione nel lavoro, il quadro che a noi risulta sembra consegnare maggiore potere esplicativo alla teoria dei bisogni.

Caratteristiche e localizzazione dell’artigianato artistico e tradizionale

Il presente capitolo cerca di delineare un quadro strutturale dell’artigianato tradizionale e art... more Il presente capitolo cerca di delineare un quadro strutturale dell’artigianato tradizionale e artistico, che nel territorio considerato costituisce una realtà economica e soprattutto culturale importante. La prima parte del capitolo fornisce uno sguardo d’insieme al territorio e al comparto oggetto di studio: dopo aver inquadrato dal punto di vista demografico ed economico il territorio del GAL Irpinia, soprattutto in relazione al complesso della provincia di Avellino, si delineano le caratteristiche peculiari dell’artigianato artistico e tradizionale, alla luce di alcuni studi economici rilevanti; quindi si fa cenno al ruolo storico, alle caratteristiche e alle prospettive del comparto nel territorio del GAL Irpinia. La seconda parte del capitolo analizza nel dettaglio struttura e localizzazione delle imprese dell’artigianato artistico e tradizionale nel territorio del GAL Irpinia, mediante uno studio statistico originale

The relation between human capital and innovation at a firm level A study on a sample of European firms

In this paper we try to verify if the human capital “embodied” in the workforce has in itself (be... more In this paper we try to verify if the human capital “embodied” in the workforce has in itself (being constant the effort in R&D) a relation with the innovative capabilities of the firm. We also investigate if this link is linear or it is better expressed by non-linear expressions and if there is an interaction, and of what sign, between the education of the workforce and the R&D effort of the firm. Besides, we verify if the relationship between human capital and innovation has different strength in different countries. The empirical analysis is performed on data coming from a survey (EFIGE) run in seven European countries concerning the period 2007-2009. Linear regression models, also with instrumental variables, probit and tobit are the utilized statistical techniques. The results show a statistically significant and positive relationship between the ratio of graduated employees and the percentage of turnover from innovative products, being constant the share of personnel employed ...

Networks of Co-autorship in the Publications of the Italian Biotech Firms: The Role of Different Institutions

Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 2011

Page 1. RJ Howlett (Ed.): Innovation through Knowledge Transfer 2010, SIST 9, pp. 235243. spring... more

How Do the Institutions Involved in Scientific Collaboration Deal with Different Kinds of Distance? An Analysis of the Co-Autorships of Scientific Publications

In the scientific collaborations among different institutions at least two types of distance may ... more In the scientific collaborations among different institutions at least two types of distance may be identified: spatial and institutional. We talk about spatial distance if the institutions are located in different places; about institutional distance if the collaborating institutions are of a different kind. Given that there are both barriers and incentives to overcome such distances, the specific focus of this paper is on the way the institutions involved in the collaboration deal with them. We are interested in studying if more stable collaborations have different characteristics from the more occasional ones on the point of view of spatial and institutional distance,. We also aim to study also what kind of dependencies exist among these types of distance: if there is a trade-off among them, or a relation of complimentarity. Moreover, we take the content of the research, if basic or applied, into account. The phenomenon of collaborations among different institutions (firms, universities, hospitals and research centres) is seen through the lens of co-autorship of scientific publications in the Italian "red" biotech sector. As empirical tools, we adopt some indexes built in the context of the social network analysis (the E-I index and the equivalence coefficient) usually used in different applications. This kind of analysis may highlight how knowledge flows among innovative agents and should be taken into consideration by the policy maker that aims to promote research collaboration between different institutions.

La ricerca universitaria verso il mercato fra benefici per il trasferimento tecnologico e rischi per l'open science. Filoni di indagine empirica e prospettive teoriche per il …

L'industria, 2005

... 2). Si fa quindi riferimento ai più rilevanti filoni di studi empirici sull&#x27;impor-ta... more ... 2). Si fa quindi riferimento ai più rilevanti filoni di studi empirici sull&#x27;impor-tanza di queste relazioni ... La complementarità tra modalità di-verse di interazione ed in particolare tra pubblicazioni e contatti personali è confermata dall&#x27;indagine empirica di Cohen, Nelson e Walsh (2003 ...

Incentivi alla ricerca e sviluppo in Italia: una indagine sugli effetti della Legge 46/82

The current economic crisis has put government intervention and policy evaluation at the centre o... more The current economic crisis has put government intervention and policy evaluation at the centre of the debate on industrial development policy. Government efforts to stimulate a structural change of Italian industries are needed and in this context it becomes fundamental to engage in evaluation exercises in order to understand what policies are working. The paper offers an evaluation exercise on the major instruments used to promote R&D and innovation activities of Italian firms. We concentrate in particular on Law 46/82 and we look at the effects of the incentives it provides on firms expenditures on R&D and on new employment generation. We also consider the effects of such incentives when other similar laws are at work. Results suggest that a rethinking of the system of incentives might be needed to limit an inefficient overlapping of instruments.

Are small firms less innovative than large ones? A statistical overview on a European context and the peculiarities of Italy

SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO

In this paper the authors want to verify, in a sample of seven European countries, if there is a ... more In this paper the authors want to verify, in a sample of seven European countries, if there is a relationship between firm size and the ability to obtain product, process and organisational innovation. If such relationship exists, they try to understand if this may be attributed to a different allocation of key resources or to some "intrinsic" differences. Besides the analysis of the overall sample, the authors look specifically at Italy, making a comparison with the international context. The authors find that small firms (from 10 to 15 employees) have a disadvantage respect to medium and large firms in the innovative capacity; with partial exception of process innovation, this can be explained by a different allocation of key resources, like R&D, human capital and professional management. The international comparison let conclude that the above results substantially hold for Italy too; there are anyway some peculiarities medium (from 16 to 50 employees) Italian firms have an higher capacity in process innovation respect to the average of the sample, while all dimensional classes suffer in organisational innovation; in the end, in all kinds of innovation the distance between small and medium/large firms in Italy is not significantly different than the average of the sample.

R & D policy evaluation: The effects of R & D subsidies in Italy

In a context of scarce resources, exacerbated by the economic crisis, financing investment and st... more In a context of scarce resources, exacerbated by the economic crisis, financing investment and structural changes in slowly growing economies, such as Italy, is very challenging. It becomes fundamental to engage in evaluation exercises in order to understand what policies are working and for whom. The paper offers an evaluation exercise on the major instruments used to promote R&D and innovation activities of Italian firms. We concentrate in particular on the incentives provided by Law 46/82 (and revisions) and we look at the effects they have on firms expenditures on R&D and on new employment generation. Unlike previous studies, we consider the effects of such incentives also when other similar policies are at work. We also look at the effects for different subgroups of firms. Results suggest that a rethinking of the system of incentives would be appropriate to limit an inefficient overlapping of instruments. They also highlight that the additionality of R&D investment is verified for some categories of firms. Starting from these results, further and continuous research is needed on this subject, in order to build a robust set of evidence to inform the policy making process.

Diffusion, drivers and motivations of the Innovations With Environmental Benefits (IWEBs) in the Italian industrial system: a preliminary study on data from the Community Innovation Survey

CELPE Discussion paper n.169

Analyzing data from the 2020 Community Innovation Survey for Italy, we study the phenomenon of ec... more Analyzing data from the 2020 Community Innovation Survey for Italy, we study the phenomenon of eco-innovation, that is the introduction of Innovations With Environmental Benefits (IWEBs). We aim to give an idea of the attitude of firms towards the changes deriving from climate change, of the magnitude of eco-innovation phenomenon in Italy, of the benefits deriving from eco-innovations, of the reasons that induce firms to introduce them. We analyze whether and to what extent the importance attributed to environmental factors is effectively translated in the introduction of IWEBs, if and how the importance given to different motivations for introducing an IWEB is related to the number of benefits it generates. We also study if and how some characteristics of the firms, like sector, size, human capital, have a relationship with the probability to introduce an IWEB, both directly and influencing the motivations related to the eco-innovation.

Heterogeneous Links Between Corruption and Innovation in a Global Economy

Preprints.org, 2024

This study examines the impact of corruption on innovation in businesses from a compar- ative sta... more This study examines the impact of corruption on innovation in businesses from a compar-
ative standpoint, demonstrating that the relationship is undoubtedly heterogeneous between busi-
nesses and nations. There are two primary research questions addressed: i) In the countries under inspection does corruption help or hinder the innovative activities? ii) To what degree is the insti-
tutional framework and business strategy (domestic and international presence) influencing the re-
lationship between corruption and innovation? We use the V and VI surveys (2012–2016 and 2018–
2019) of EBRD-World Bank Business Environment and Performance Survey, with a balanced panel with 3584 establishments across 22 countries, economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The findings show two key points about the link between corruption and innovation: (1) the importance of institutional settings for the link’s strength and even direction when EU and non-EU countries are compared and (2) the diverse effects of corruption at the firm-level, when foreign and domestic ownership is considered: the “greasing” effect is particularly relevant for foreign firms in weak institutional environments but appears useless, if not sanding, for foreign firms in settings with stronger controls over corruption.

Research collaboration networks in biotechnology: exploring the trade-off between institutional and geographic distance

Industry and Innovation, 2013

This paper investigates the relationship between spatial and institutional distances in research ... more This paper investigates the relationship between spatial and institutional distances in research collaboration networks using data on co-authorship in scientific publications in the Italian “red” biotech sector. Specific tools of social network analysis complemented by multivariate analysis are used to show that there is a trade-off between institutional and geographic distances whatever the nature of the knowledge exchanged, namely the degree to which knowledge is basic or applied. However, the levels of geographic and institutional distances substantially differ across basic and applied research networks. Measures of the intensity of relationships are also considered in the analysis.

The importance of pro-social behaviour for the breadth and depth of knowledge transfer activities: an analysis of Italian academic scientists

Research Policy, 2017

The debate on the entrepreneurial university has raised questions about what motivates academics ... more The debate on the entrepreneurial university has raised questions about what motivates academics to engage with the external environment and what forms knowledge transfer (KT) activities should take. This paper distinguishes between the variety of forms of engagement (KT breadth) and the intensity of collaboration (KT depth) in the analysis of their motivations. The paper relies on a sample of Italian academics from different scientific fields over the period 2004–2008. Whereas previous literature has shown that academics are essentially motivated by learning opportunities, fundraising and satisfaction derived from puzzle solving in research activities, our paper provides evidence of the positive role of an additional motivation for both the breadth and depth of KT: the extent to which the academic scientist advances the societal role of universities (“mission” motivation). We find that both “funding” and “mission” motivations have a positive effect on the variety and intensity of KT activities, with little effect for learning opportunities. Our results show also a higher effect of “funding” and “mission” on the depth of KT activities compared to their breadth.

The Drivers of Managerial Practices: Firm and Country Characteristics Explaining Managerial Performance

International Journal of Busienss and Mangement, 2019

A large body of researches in recent years resulted in the growth of knowledge about better or wo... more A large body of researches in recent years resulted in the growth of knowledge about better or worse management practices. However, comparative research using firm-level data has been limited by the different styles on management and by the unavailability of homogeneous data sources, especially in former transition and Asian countries. This study fills this gap, by using the firm-level survey by EBRD and World Bank (BEEPS V-MENA ES, 2012-2014) and by looking at the determinants of a Management quality score (MQS) for more than 17.000 firms in 36 countries of Central Asia, Eastern Europe and Northern Africa. We find that both country and firm characteristics matter for managerial skills but the ladder weight differently. In fact, the country-grouping changes, accelerates or dampens the impact of firms’ characteristics on management performance and identifies the channels conducive of better managerial practices. Competition, education, and technology are important channels for the high-income countries only, whereas global value chain participation and ownership are significant channels for the low-income countries only. In particular, GVC participation enhances significantly managerial practices of firms in low-income countries especially for the lower quartile firms. Hence, this study provides empirical support for interplay between country and firm characteristics in transitional and emerging markets. In addition, it provides support for an enhanced connection between business environment reforms devoted to managerial upgrading and industrial policy devoted to enhancing best-performing firms’ characteristics. As such, it suggests that only their complementary and targeted use can support management and business practices upgrading.

Is paying bribes worthwhile? Corruption and innovation in middle-income countries

Eurasian Business Review, 2022

Corruption research in economics has a long history. Seminal early articles, and older findings c... more Corruption research in economics has a long history. Seminal early articles, and older findings contrast with newer developments which have as yet not been measured empirically; in particular the link between corruption and innovating activities suffers from multiple results, on both a national country and company or firm level. This paper examines the corruption-innovation link in transition and emerging countries as the decision to corrupt, and the ability to innovate may not be independent. An endogenous switching regression model is advocated as a suitably methodological way of modeling the joint determination of a firm’s innovation and possible bribes as it implies not only a selection between corrupted and non-corrupted firms, but also heterogeneous effects on innovative activities. The paper shows that, when the selection effect is adequately considered, different firms’ strategies arise. In particular, the treatment effect of corruption on innovation is positive for corrupti...

The Drivers of Managerial Practices: Firm and Country Characteristics Explaining Managerial Performance

International Journal of Business and Management, 2019

A large body of researches in recent years resulted in the growth of knowledge about better or wo... more A large body of researches in recent years resulted in the growth of knowledge about better or worse management practices. However, comparative research using firm-level data has been limited by the different styles on management and by the unavailability of homogeneous data sources, especially in former transition and Asian countries. This study fills this gap, by using the firm-level survey by EBRD and World Bank (BEEPS V-MENA ES, 2012-2014) and by looking at the determinants of a Management quality score (MQS) for more than 17.000 firms in 36 countries of Central Asia, Eastern Europe and Northern Africa. We find that both country and firm characteristics matter for managerial skills but the ladder weight differently. In fact, the country-grouping changes, accelerates or dampens the impact of firms’ characteristics on management performance and identifies the channels conducive of better managerial practices. Competition, education, and technology are important channels for the hi...

Rising wage and income inequality. Reviewing a renewed debate

The debate about wage and income inequality is receiving in recent years a renewed interest, driv... more The debate about wage and income inequality is receiving in recent years a renewed interest, driven by the public perception of the recent evolution of this topic. This paper takes up the last twenty-five years of debate contrasting the “demand-supply” interpretation of inequalities with a more “institutional-based” view, and evaluates this debate in the light of some current issues, in particular the impact of immigration and of the Great Recession. In this paper we offer a synthetic view of the debate about wage and income differentials in last twenty-five years. We report the content of some key contribution about ins and try to give an interpretative line, contrasting the “demand-supply” interpretation of inequalities and more “institutional-based” view. We also deal with the recent literature on the relationship between income inequality and economic crisis.

R&D policy evaluation: a case study on Law 46/1982 in Italy

Soddisfazione ed insoddisfazione nel lavoro. Determinanti individuali dell'insoddisfazione lavorativa e analisi dei fattori di disagio. Un'analisi del caso del Trivento

Questo lavoro d'analisi nasce da un'elaborazione tratta da una recente e rilevante ricerc... more Questo lavoro d'analisi nasce da un'elaborazione tratta da una recente e rilevante ricerca sul lavoro in Italia. Rispetto al campione nazionale sono stati da noi analizzati i dati relativi al sottocampione del Triveneto. Si è concentrata l'attenzione sul diverso livello di soddisfazione ed insoddisfazione sul lavoro mettendolo in relazione con caratteristiche individuali e strutturali. Si sono poi analizzati i diversi fattori di disagio e gli elementi di limitazione sul lavoro segnalati dai rispondenti al questionario, in rapporto ai diversi livelli di soddisfazione. Nella letteratura sociologica e dell'organizzazione i temi della soddisfazione rispetto al lavoro si articolano principalmente attorno alla teoria dei bisogni ed alla teoria delle motivazioni. Rispetto alle diverse teorie sulla soddisfazione nel lavoro, il quadro che a noi risulta sembra consegnare maggiore potere esplicativo alla teoria dei bisogni.

Caratteristiche e localizzazione dell’artigianato artistico e tradizionale

Il presente capitolo cerca di delineare un quadro strutturale dell’artigianato tradizionale e art... more Il presente capitolo cerca di delineare un quadro strutturale dell’artigianato tradizionale e artistico, che nel territorio considerato costituisce una realtà economica e soprattutto culturale importante. La prima parte del capitolo fornisce uno sguardo d’insieme al territorio e al comparto oggetto di studio: dopo aver inquadrato dal punto di vista demografico ed economico il territorio del GAL Irpinia, soprattutto in relazione al complesso della provincia di Avellino, si delineano le caratteristiche peculiari dell’artigianato artistico e tradizionale, alla luce di alcuni studi economici rilevanti; quindi si fa cenno al ruolo storico, alle caratteristiche e alle prospettive del comparto nel territorio del GAL Irpinia. La seconda parte del capitolo analizza nel dettaglio struttura e localizzazione delle imprese dell’artigianato artistico e tradizionale nel territorio del GAL Irpinia, mediante uno studio statistico originale

The relation between human capital and innovation at a firm level A study on a sample of European firms

In this paper we try to verify if the human capital “embodied” in the workforce has in itself (be... more In this paper we try to verify if the human capital “embodied” in the workforce has in itself (being constant the effort in R&D) a relation with the innovative capabilities of the firm. We also investigate if this link is linear or it is better expressed by non-linear expressions and if there is an interaction, and of what sign, between the education of the workforce and the R&D effort of the firm. Besides, we verify if the relationship between human capital and innovation has different strength in different countries. The empirical analysis is performed on data coming from a survey (EFIGE) run in seven European countries concerning the period 2007-2009. Linear regression models, also with instrumental variables, probit and tobit are the utilized statistical techniques. The results show a statistically significant and positive relationship between the ratio of graduated employees and the percentage of turnover from innovative products, being constant the share of personnel employed ...

Networks of Co-autorship in the Publications of the Italian Biotech Firms: The Role of Different Institutions

Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 2011

Page 1. RJ Howlett (Ed.): Innovation through Knowledge Transfer 2010, SIST 9, pp. 235243. spring... more

How Do the Institutions Involved in Scientific Collaboration Deal with Different Kinds of Distance? An Analysis of the Co-Autorships of Scientific Publications

In the scientific collaborations among different institutions at least two types of distance may ... more In the scientific collaborations among different institutions at least two types of distance may be identified: spatial and institutional. We talk about spatial distance if the institutions are located in different places; about institutional distance if the collaborating institutions are of a different kind. Given that there are both barriers and incentives to overcome such distances, the specific focus of this paper is on the way the institutions involved in the collaboration deal with them. We are interested in studying if more stable collaborations have different characteristics from the more occasional ones on the point of view of spatial and institutional distance,. We also aim to study also what kind of dependencies exist among these types of distance: if there is a trade-off among them, or a relation of complimentarity. Moreover, we take the content of the research, if basic or applied, into account. The phenomenon of collaborations among different institutions (firms, universities, hospitals and research centres) is seen through the lens of co-autorship of scientific publications in the Italian "red" biotech sector. As empirical tools, we adopt some indexes built in the context of the social network analysis (the E-I index and the equivalence coefficient) usually used in different applications. This kind of analysis may highlight how knowledge flows among innovative agents and should be taken into consideration by the policy maker that aims to promote research collaboration between different institutions.

La ricerca universitaria verso il mercato fra benefici per il trasferimento tecnologico e rischi per l'open science. Filoni di indagine empirica e prospettive teoriche per il …

L'industria, 2005

... 2). Si fa quindi riferimento ai più rilevanti filoni di studi empirici sull&#x27;impor-ta... more ... 2). Si fa quindi riferimento ai più rilevanti filoni di studi empirici sull&#x27;impor-tanza di queste relazioni ... La complementarità tra modalità di-verse di interazione ed in particolare tra pubblicazioni e contatti personali è confermata dall&#x27;indagine empirica di Cohen, Nelson e Walsh (2003 ...

Incentivi alla ricerca e sviluppo in Italia: una indagine sugli effetti della Legge 46/82

The current economic crisis has put government intervention and policy evaluation at the centre o... more The current economic crisis has put government intervention and policy evaluation at the centre of the debate on industrial development policy. Government efforts to stimulate a structural change of Italian industries are needed and in this context it becomes fundamental to engage in evaluation exercises in order to understand what policies are working. The paper offers an evaluation exercise on the major instruments used to promote R&D and innovation activities of Italian firms. We concentrate in particular on Law 46/82 and we look at the effects of the incentives it provides on firms expenditures on R&D and on new employment generation. We also consider the effects of such incentives when other similar laws are at work. Results suggest that a rethinking of the system of incentives might be needed to limit an inefficient overlapping of instruments.

Are small firms less innovative than large ones? A statistical overview on a European context and the peculiarities of Italy

SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO

In this paper the authors want to verify, in a sample of seven European countries, if there is a ... more In this paper the authors want to verify, in a sample of seven European countries, if there is a relationship between firm size and the ability to obtain product, process and organisational innovation. If such relationship exists, they try to understand if this may be attributed to a different allocation of key resources or to some "intrinsic" differences. Besides the analysis of the overall sample, the authors look specifically at Italy, making a comparison with the international context. The authors find that small firms (from 10 to 15 employees) have a disadvantage respect to medium and large firms in the innovative capacity; with partial exception of process innovation, this can be explained by a different allocation of key resources, like R&D, human capital and professional management. The international comparison let conclude that the above results substantially hold for Italy too; there are anyway some peculiarities medium (from 16 to 50 employees) Italian firms have an higher capacity in process innovation respect to the average of the sample, while all dimensional classes suffer in organisational innovation; in the end, in all kinds of innovation the distance between small and medium/large firms in Italy is not significantly different than the average of the sample.

R & D policy evaluation: The effects of R & D subsidies in Italy

In a context of scarce resources, exacerbated by the economic crisis, financing investment and st... more In a context of scarce resources, exacerbated by the economic crisis, financing investment and structural changes in slowly growing economies, such as Italy, is very challenging. It becomes fundamental to engage in evaluation exercises in order to understand what policies are working and for whom. The paper offers an evaluation exercise on the major instruments used to promote R&D and innovation activities of Italian firms. We concentrate in particular on the incentives provided by Law 46/82 (and revisions) and we look at the effects they have on firms expenditures on R&D and on new employment generation. Unlike previous studies, we consider the effects of such incentives also when other similar policies are at work. We also look at the effects for different subgroups of firms. Results suggest that a rethinking of the system of incentives would be appropriate to limit an inefficient overlapping of instruments. They also highlight that the additionality of R&D investment is verified for some categories of firms. Starting from these results, further and continuous research is needed on this subject, in order to build a robust set of evidence to inform the policy making process.