DICEA

Rossella Moioli, L'insostenibile leggerezza del dov'era com'era, 73; Simona Bravaglieri, Silvia Furioni, Elia Zenoni, L'Aquila dieci anni dopo: ancora senza progetto, 78; Marco Zuppiroli, La Regione Emilia-Romagna a sette anni dal sisma 2012, 84; Lorenzo Cantini, Maria Adelaide Parisi, Vulnerabilità sismica dei beni architettonici: il caso dei musei statali, 88; Rita Fabbri, Due convegni alle Giornate del Restauro: Sisma 2012, 92; Marco Dezzi Bardeschi, Macerie Prime: ricostruire luoghi, ricostruire identità, 94; Spoleto: in vista di 'Un'etica per la ricostruzione tra memoria e futuro', 97 Tecniche Antonello Pagliuca, Pier Pasquale Trausi, Donato Gallo, Il vetro Made in Italy: ' tempra' e ' trasparenza' dell' ingegno italiano, 99 Storia, piani e progetti per la rigenerazione urbana Laura Ricci, Il PRG '08 del Comune di Roma, 102; Laura Ricci, Carmela Mariano, Il Progetto urbano della Centralità di Anagnina Romanina, 108; Laura Ricci, Chiara Ravagnan, L'Ambito di programmazione strategica Mura, 114 Nuovi progetti e cantieri Federico Calabrese, Salvador: architettura al limite, 124 Terra Santa Fabio Fabrizzi, Nuovo museo archeologico di Gerusalemme, 128; Marco Galateri, Archivio di carta di Gerusalemme, 132 Patrimonio culturale e Buffer Zone Angela Maria Ferroni, La Villa Adriana nella Lista UNESCO: un vincolo o un'opportunità?, 135; Pier Federico Caliari, Territori fragili e la "maggiore protezione" dei siti UNESCO. La riqualificazione della Buffer Zone di Villa Adriana, 141

Grafica e impaginazione Marta Badiali e Maria Chiara Francavilla E' vietata la riproduzione, anche parziale, effettuata con qualsiasi mezzo, compresa la fotocopia, anche ad uso interno o didattico. Per la legge italiana la fotocopia è lecita solo per uso personale purché non danneggi l'autore. Quindi ogni fotocopia che eviti l'acquisto di un libro è illecita e minaccia la sopravvivenza di un modo di trasmettere la conoscenza. Chi fotocopia un libro, chi mette a disposizione i mezzi per fotocopiare, chi comunque favorisce questa pratica commette un furto e opera ai danni della cultura.

OFFICINA* N.26 L'ARCHITETTO 01. Una veduta del sito archeologico di Carminiello ai Mannesi: oltre il recinto. Mattia Cocozza e pietre del passato, cariche di uno straordinario potere evocativo, immediatamente ci riconducono al concetto di memoria. Una memoria universale, collettiva, nella quale affondano le radici culturali e identitarie di un'intera comunità. I frammenti di archeologia urbana godono, pertanto, di un'ineluttabile aura di sacralità, eppure, sempre più spesso, divengono oggetto di abbandono e noncuranza. Incredibilmente, così, i luoghi del ricordo e della memoria si tramutano in spazi dimenticati, isolati, fuori dalla vita della contemporaneità. Tale condizione diviene ancora più parossistica se i manufatti archeologici sorgono nel cuore pulsante della città, lì dove lo stato di isolamento delle rovine, spesso generato da ciechi recinti, mette in evidenza una incapacità del tempo presente di confrontarsi attivamente con le tracce della storia.

To identify the desertification prone areas the ESAs (Environmentally Sensitive Areas) model was developed in 1999 in the framework of MEDALUS (MEditerranean Desertification And Land USe) European project; this method has been used in many Mediterranean Countries (Greece, Portugal Italy, Egypt, etc.). The identification of areas sensitive to desertification by using the ESAs model has been carried out in the Tusciano river basin (261 km2) located in southern Italy (Campania region). All data defining the four groups of parameters related to soil quality, climate quality, vegetation quality, and management quality have been introduced in a geographical database, and overlain using a GIS. Afterwards, a sensitivity analysis highlighted the different impact of the desertification parameters on the mountainous, hilly, and downstream areas of the catchment, strongly different in terms of morphological, geological, climatic and land-use features. The assessment of desertification sensitivity shows a clear vulnerability status in the Tusciano river basin, where more than half of the area is susceptible to desertification risk. The results of the ESAs model have been combined with those of the soil loss, achieved using the RUSLE method, based approximately on the same environmental factors; nevertheless, ESAs model considers a wider range of parameters, allowing to characterize in detail the catchment, from the climatic, geomorphological, vegetational and socio-economical point of view. The comparison between the desertification prone areas map and the potential erosion map of the Tusciano river basin shows fundamental differences. The areas at higher erosion risk are located in the mountain and hilly sectors of the basin, while the downstream areas, at high desertification risk, are characterized by a low erosion risk. The hilly sector is especially prone to both risks, desertification and erosion. Finally, a correlation analysis for the risk classes was developed using the GIS, which allows spatial statistics, and the comparison of the maps obtained by using the two methods was computed for each pixel (30 m x 30 m). The result was a high correlation coefficient for the mountain sector (20 % of the total area) not at erosion and desertification risk and for the hilly sector at high erosion/desertification risk (10 % of the total area). In the downstream part of the catchment the correlation coefficient is very low for the high desertification risk (depending on the high human impact) and for the low erosion risk (depending on the low topographic slope). The final map drawn up represents therefore the erosion/desertification risk and can be considered a synthesis risk map, showing the differences between areas characterized by high or low risk.

Herein we investigate Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Return on Investment (ROI) as potential decision variables for evaluating the economic performance (ROI) and financial feasibility (LCC) of a set of flood mitigation strategies over time. The main novelty of this work is the application of LCC and ROI analyses at the urban level to an asset portfolio of flood-prone buildings. Reduced flood damage is treated probabilistically as avoided costs (LCC analysis) and returns (ROI analysis), respectively. The proposed methodology is applied to the case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, which suffers severe riverine flooding on a sub-annual basis. Specifically, LCC and ROI of five mitigation scenarios that include large-scale catchment rehabilitation, settlement setbacks and waste management are compared with the current situation. The main result is that the highest-performing flood mitigation option includes both conventional interventions and ecosystem rehabilitation.

Velocity distribution in an open channel flow can be very useful to model many hydraulic phenomena. Among the others, several 1D models based on the concept of entropy are available in the literature, which allow estimating the velocity distribution by measuring velocities only in a few points. Nevertheless, since 1D models have often a limited practical use, a 2D entropy based model was recently developed. The model provides a reliable estimation of the velocity distribution for open channel flow with a rectangular cross section, if the maximum velocity and the average velocity are known. In this paper results from the proposed model were compared with measured velocities carried out from laboratory experiments. Calculated values were also compared with results inferred from a 2D model available in the literature, resulting in a greater ease of use and a more reliable estimate of the velocity profile.

Stormwater tank design and installation is one of the most suitable actions to undertake as a strategy for the quantity and quality control of surface urban runoff during a rain event. In the present work, the quality efficiency of a stormwater capture tank in a sewer system serving a typical Italian urban catchment is analysed on a probabilistic basis, mainly with reference to rainfall space variability on the Tyrrhenian coast side of Italy. In particular, two probabilistic approaches (a simple and a Copula function-based one) are applied to estimate the average efficiency of such a device to reduce the outflow pollution load into the receiver, varying the net capture tank volume from 0 (when only a combined sewer overflow, CSO, is present) up to 100 m 3 per impervious catchment hectare. In this way, simple expressions to be used for a preliminary sizing of the capacity of a capture tank, without performing complex computational continuous simulations, are provided.

Identifying urban flooding risk hotspots is one of the first steps in an integrated methodology for urban flood risk assessment and mitigation. This work employs three GIS-based frameworks for identifying urban flooding risk hotspots for residential buildings and urban corridors. This is done by overlaying a map of potentially flood prone areas (estimated through the topographic wetness index, TWI), a map of residential areas and urban corridors (extracted from a city-wide assessment of urban morphology types (UMT)), and a geo-spatial Census dataset. A maximum likelihood method (MLE) is employed for estimating the threshold used for identifying the flood-prone areas (the TWI threshold) based on the inundation profiles calculated for various return periods within a given spatial window. Furthermore, Bayesian parameter estimation is employed in order to estimate the TWI threshold based on inundation profiles calculated for more than one spatial window. For different statistics of the TWI threshold (e.g. MLE estimate, 16 th percentile, 50 th percentile), the map of the potentially flood prone areas is overlaid with the map of urban morphology units, identified as residential and urban corridors, in order to delineate the urban hotspots for both urban morphology types. Moreover, information related to population density is integrated by overlaying geo-spatial Census datasets in order to estimate the number of people affected by flooding. Differences in exposure characteristics have been assessed for a range of different residential types. As a demonstration, urban flooding risk hotspots are delineated for different percentiles of the TWI value for the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Stormwater tank performance significantly depends on management practices. This paper proposes a procedure to assess tank efficiency in terms of volume and pollutant concentration using four different capture tank management protocols. The comparison of the efficiency results reveals that, as expected, a combined bypass-stormwater tank system achieves better results than a tank alone. The management practices tested for the tank-only systems provide notably different efficiency results. The practice of immediately emptying after the end of the event exhibits significant levels of efficiency and operational advantages. All other configurations exhibit either significant operational problems or very low performances. The continuous simulation and semi-probabilistic approach for the best tank management practice are compared. The semi-probabilistic approach is based on a Weibull probabilistic model of the main characteristics of the rainfall process. Following this approach, efficiency indexes were established. The comparison with continuous simulations shows the reliability of the probabilistic approach even if this last is certainly very site sensitive.

The paper presents a multi-objective approach for the automatic partitioning of a water distribution network into District Metering Areas (DMAs). In the proposed methodology, both technical and economic issues are considered, including reduction of water leakages due to pressure management and energy production achievable through the use of turbines. The optimization approach is based on a clear explanation of the objective functions, whose structures are defined with the aim of providing full control to the decision-maker. Concepts from graph theory and cluster analysis methods are combined in a three-step algorithm, which can be easily implemented for software use.

In the last decades, the international scientific literature has focused on the assessment and quantification of trends in average temperature and rainfall, underlining changes in time and space sometimes relevant. The changes concern the yearly average values, the seasonal distribution, the daily values, with marked differences both at a continental and national scale. In this paper, with reference to a database containing the records of about 8000 thermometric stations and 12000 rainfall stations for the period 1895-1997 for the USA, available on the website of the Institute for Mathematics Applied to Geosciences (http://www.image.ucar.edu/Data/US.monthly.met/), an analysis on the spatial correlation between the yearly average rainfall h c and the mean of the yearly average ground temperature T was performed. In particular, with the aid of the copula distribution function, a stochastic model to define the conditional probability distribut * ion P(h c (mm)|T(°C)) was developed, analyzing the dependence of the yearly average rainfall on the thermometric changes.

Identifying urban flooding risk hotspots is one of the first steps in an integrated methodology for urban flood risk assessment and mitigation. This work employs three GIS-based frameworks for identifying urban flooding risk hotspots for residential buildings and urban corridors. This is done by overlaying a map of potentially flood prone areas (estimated through the topographic wetness index, TWI), a map of residential areas and urban corridors (extracted from a city-wide assessment of urban morphology types (UMT)), and a geo-spatial Census dataset. A maximum likelihood method (MLE) is employed for estimating the threshold used for identifying the flood-prone areas (the TWI threshold) based on the inundation profiles calculated for various return periods within a given spatial window. Furthermore, Bayesian parameter estimation is employed in order to estimate the TWI threshold based on inundation profiles calculated for more than one spatial window. For different statistics of the TWI threshold (e.g. MLE estimate, 16 th percentile, 50 th percentile), the map of the potentially flood prone areas is overlaid with the map of urban morphology units, identified as residential and urban corridors, in order to delineate the urban hotspots for both urban morphology types. Moreover, information related to population density is integrated by overlaying geo-spatial Census datasets in order to estimate the number of people affected by flooding. Differences in exposure characteristics have been assessed for a range of different residential types. As a demonstration, urban flooding risk hotspots are delineated for different percentiles of the TWI value for the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Desertification affects about two-thirds of the countries of the world, and one-third of the earth's surface, namely one-fifth of the world population. The seriousness of desertification depends on various factors, including climate (temperature, precipitation, wind, humidity), geomorphological and geological condition, vegetation cover, water and wind erosion, soil nutrient status and salinization, land use and land management, biodiversity, etc. Even the climate changes can contribute to the advance of desertification. Indeed hotter and drier conditions would extend the area prone to desertification to encompass areas currently not at risk. In addition, the rate of desertification would increase due to increases in erosion leading to an irreversible status of desertification process.