Brodie's syndrome. A report of 2 atypical cases [Sindrome di Brodie. Presentazione di due casi atipici.]
The aim of the authors is to show the treatment of Brodie's syndrome even in atypical cases w... more The aim of the authors is to show the treatment of Brodie's syndrome even in atypical cases where this pathology can not offer typical signs but can be associated to other skeletal deformities of the face. There are two atypical cases of Brodie's syndrome both of them came to our out patient's department. They were grown-up (one 20 one 22 years old), one of them with an extreme vertical expansion of lower third of the face and with a big transverse expansion of the upper maxillary bone, all typical signs of Brodie's syndrome; the other patient was with an extreme transverse expansion of the upper maxilla associated to a II class and a defect of 11, 12, 21, 22. The first patient was treated with orthodontic Tweed technique continued with surgical operation setting out to the contraction of the transverse diameter of the upper maxilla, associated to a Le Fort I osteotomy and an Epker osteotomy of the jaw. This orthodontic-surgical correction, allowed us to achieve a good aesthetic and functional result. The second patient was treated with orthodontics followed by surgical correction of the excessive transverse expansion of the upper maxilla after a Le Fort I osteotomy; a sagittal split of the jaw on Gotte technique was performed to correct the III class. We gave the patient a good aesthetic result with the restoration of the lost teeth in the upper maxilla, reaching in this way a good aesthetic and a well functioning result. We think it's possible to treat patients with atypical Brodie's syndrome with orthodontics or surgery in the same way we treat Brodie's syndrome and other deformities of the face reaching good aesthetic-functional results
Experimental Evaluation of Zirconia Roughness After 5 Different Polishing Methods
PURPOSE:The purpose of this experimental study was to:1.Evaluate the microroughness (Ra degree) a... more PURPOSE:The purpose of this experimental study was to:1.Evaluate the microroughness (Ra degree) and surface morphology by SEM of Y-TZP samples subjected to 5 different polishing methods;2.Evaluate the efficacy of each polishing technique on the basis of published Ra data;3.Identify a polishing technique, which allows obtaining Ra values and a morphologic surface able to prevent bacterial adhesion.METHODS:21 zirconia platelets (1 cm x 0.7 cm thickness 1 mm).Samples were subjected to 5 different polishing methods from 5 different operators. Each operator realized 4 samples. Microroughness measurements and statistical analysis of the data obtained and Morphological analysis by SEM took place at the \u201cCentro Grandi Strumenti\u201d of the University of Modena.RESULTS:Data indicate that all polishing techniques are operator-dependent and the final result can be affected by several variables. Such variables not only led to significant differences between operators but also among samples of the same group. Ra values were reported to be 650.3 \u3bcm.CONCLUSIONS:1.The polishing techniques not result sufficiently efficacious to reduce Ra surface values of zirconia; surfaces tested are characterized by Ra medium values >0.2\ub5m; values over 0.2\ub5m are not able to prevent bacterial adhesion to the same surface;2.Low Ra values not necessarily correspond with a smooth surface, as indicated by SEM analysis. This shows that a polish zirconia surface can present irregularities anyway;3.Zirconia surfaces analyzed show diversity both in the Ra values reported by microroughness measurements and in the morphologic surface evaluated by SEM, not only between samples polishing by different operators but also between samples of the same operator; therefore, it is important identify a standard polishing method which is able to lead the Ra surface values below 0.2\ub5m and to do uniform the procedures of the different operators
Oral atrophic lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesion malignant transformation: report and management of two cases
BACKGROUND: There is an ongoing debate in the literature whether patients with oral lichen planus... more BACKGROUND: There is an ongoing debate in the literature whether patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) carry an increased risk of developing a squamous cell carcinomas. Nevertheless, there is a tendency to accept that there is. The annual malignant transformation rate amounting less than 0.5%. This chronic disorder mainly affects middle-aged people. The etiopathogenesis is still poorly understood. There is no effective treatment and there are no preventive measures either. An important obstacle in the discussion on the possible potentially malignant character of oral lichen planus is caused by the lack of clear clinical and histopathologic diag- nostic criteria of oral lichen planus, resulting in a poor clin- icopathologic correlation in the diagnosis. One of the major problems of interpretation of malignant potential studies of OLP is the inexistence of strict diagnostic criteria to differentiate lichenoid processes. Some studies have included cases of OLP with OLL and vice versa. The differentiation between OLP and OLL has become important, since the latter might have a greater malignant potential. For this reason, it is important to establish precise clinical and histopathological criteria of differentiation of the lesions. CASE REPORT: 1st) A 73 years old woman with a 12 months histological diagnosis of oral lichen planus localized on tongue dorsum, previously biopsied and studied in a differ- ent structure, came to our attention to investigate an ulcerative lesion on tongue midline. No smoking habit, alcohol abuse, anemia or previous malignancies diagnosis were referred; topical corticosteroid therapy was referred. An incisional biopsy was performed showing lichenoid lesion, atypia and high grade of dysplasia at histological examination. Subsequently, lesion was radically removed with wide excision margins. Microscopic examination returned diagnosis of mild differentiated squamous cell carcinoma arose on lichenoid lesion. Resection margins were clean without perineural or vascular invasion. After 18 months follow-up, symptoms of dull pain and burn sensation were referred. Tongue dorsum was macroscopically altered, with an ulcer-like lesion surrounded by edematous mucosa. Consequently, an incisional biopsy was performed showing the presence of a low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Lesion was radically excised, margins were widened and examined with frozen sections. Patient underwent to bilateral SND (level I-III) and RTP. Histological examination returns a diagnosis of recurrent pT1 pN1 micro-invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Microscopic signs of lichenoid lesion were still evident. 2nd) A 74 years old woman, with a 20 months history o
Biomeccanica dei ponti in estensione su elementi naturali (cantilever)
La riabilitazione di pazienti con edentulismi parziali \ue8 un problema di frequente riscontro cl... more La riabilitazione di pazienti con edentulismi parziali \ue8 un problema di frequente riscontro clinico e di difficile soluzione. La riabilitazione mediante protesi parziale rimovibile (PPR) in pazienti che rifiutano la chirurgia implantare \ue8 stata, ed \ue8 tuttora, una comune scelta terapeutica protesica. La necessit\ue0 di adattamento clinico del manufatto protesico rimovibile osservata da Bergman, per\uf2, si rende necessaria gi\ue0 durante i primi due anni di controllo e sussiste nella riattivazione del braccio ritentivo dei ganci, ribasatura del corpo protesico, frattura/sostituzione della protesi a causa della frattura o dello scarso adattamento del framework. I limiti del trattamento protesico rimovibile rispetto alla protesi parziale fissa (PPF) in estensione sono stati evidenziati da Budtz-Jorgensen che ha considerato 27 pazienti tra i 61 e gli 83 anni di et\ue0 riabilitati con una protesi parziale fissa con elementi in estensione nella parte inferiore e una protesi totale in quella superior
Mascherina DI Verifica Della Posizione DI Impianti Multipli: Una Nuova Procedura
Il problema della connessione tra gli impianti endoossei e la rispettiva componente transmucosa e... more Il problema della connessione tra gli impianti endoossei e la rispettiva componente transmucosa e' controverso.Lo scopo di questo articolo e' illustrare le fasi di una procedura originale per la realizzazione di una mascherina di verifica della posizione implantare
Der passive sitz verschraubter implantat-suprakonstruktionen - biologische und biomechanische aspekte - eine literaturubersicht
La passivit\ue0 della protesi su impianti rappresenta uno degli argomenti pi\uf9 controversi dell... more La passivit\ue0 della protesi su impianti rappresenta uno degli argomenti pi\uf9 controversi dell\u2019attuale ricerca. Il termine \u201cadattamento passivo\u201d (o \u201cpassive fit\u201d), indica una protesi il cui alloggiamento \ue8 compatibile con la capacit\ue0 del corpo di adattarsi e rimodellarsi in risposta ad uno stimolo. Br\ue5nemark descrive un processo di rimodellamento osseo perimplantare, in seguito alla connessione degli abutment alla protesi, fino al raggiungimento di uno \u201cstato stazionario\u201d. Dal punto di vista clinico, l\u2019adattamento \ue8 inteso come la presenza o l\u2019assenza di tensioni a riposo, nel manufatto, sui componenti implantari o nell\u2019osso. Il posizionamento di una sovrastruttura non passiva, quindi, \ue8 in grado di influenzare notevolmente l\u2019ambiente biomeccanico ricevente, sia quando l\u2019osteointegrazione sia gi\ue0 stata raggiunta, sia quando, come nel caso delle metodiche a carico immediato, l\u2019osso sia ancora in fase di guarigione. Lo scopo di questo articolo \ue8 la revisione della letteratura relativamente all\u2019adattamento passivo delle protesi avvitate su impianti, con particolare riferimento agli effetti biologici e biomeccanici del misfit
Implant Retained-RPD for Kennedy Class I Edentulism
Objectives:The objective of this work is to present an original treatment option that is easy and... more Objectives:The objective of this work is to present an original treatment option that is easy and effective in any professionals' hands and at the same time reasonably economic for it needs a limited numbers of implants and avoid additional treatment on residual teeth.We call this option Implant Retained Removable Partial Denture (IR-RPD)Methods:IR-RPD is a standard RPD \u2013 with an even easier design \u2013 that is anchored to dental implants by mean of ball attachments that enhance the dento-mucosal model of masticatory force transmission of traditional RPDs.For Kennedy Class I edentulism we propose to use two implants close to the distal teeth. On these implants is possible to use a ball attachment, which works as an aesthetic retention, giving support with an optimized rotation axis and distributing occlusal forces to implants, teeth and mucosa.Results:In our units between 1998 and 2000 20 patients has been treated with 50 implants.At the end of a 7-year follow-up we can observe that:We've lost 3 implants (cumulative success rate of 94%)All prosthesis are still workingThe satisfaction of the patient is highThe maintenance of the prosthesis is similar to traditional RPDConclusions:IR-RPDs are designed to easily rehabilitate patients with a RPD anchored to one or two implants that enhance retention and stability without anaesthetic clasp assemblies on anterior teeth and avoid preparation of residual dentition in case of combined fixed- movable dentures or majors surgical procedures in case of implant treatment
FEA di carichi puntiformi statici su Implant Bridge inferiore
LO SCOPO DEL PRESENTE LAVORO E' QUELLO DI DETERMINARE L'ENTITA' DEGLI STRESS DISSIPAT... more LO SCOPO DEL PRESENTE LAVORO E' QUELLO DI DETERMINARE L'ENTITA' DEGLI STRESS DISSIPATI DALL'APPLICAZIONE DI CARICHI PUNTIFORMI E STATICI SU IMPLANT BRIDGE INFERIORE DI CINQUE IMPIANTI RIPRODUCENTE LA REALE SITUAZIONE CLINICA DEL PAZIENTE.CON LE LIMITAZIONI DI TALE SIMULAZIONE IN VITRO SI PUO' CONCLUDERE CHE LA TIPOLOGIA DELL'ARCATA ANTAGONISTA, UNITAMENTE AD ALCUNE VARIABILI CLINICHE, QUALI L'ATTIVITA' PARAFUNZIONALE DEL PAZIENTE, POSSONO GENERARE FORZE POTENZIALMENTE IN GRADO DI FRATTURARE IL FRAMEWORK PROTESICO OLTRE A DANNEGGIARE IRREVERSIBILMENTE L'OSTEOINTEGRAZIONE A LIVELLO DEI PILASTRI FRONTIERA
Utilizzo della riverse engineering per lo sviluppo di un modello a elementi finiti mandibolare tridimensionale
Lo studio del comportamento funzionale dei biomateriali pu\uf2 essere effettuato in vivo o in vit... more Lo studio del comportamento funzionale dei biomateriali pu\uf2 essere effettuato in vivo o in vitro.La valutazione in vivo, pi\uf9 complessa, presenta numerosi svantaggi: richiede campioni numericamente ampi per avere significativit\ue0 statistica, consente di valutare solo pochi parametri in tempi relativamente lunghi, \ue8 costosa e pone problemi di natura etica. I risultati, inoltre, risentono notevolmente delle molteplici variabili individuali e tecniche, che riducono la ripetibilit\ue0 delle sperimentazioni. D\u2019altra parte, il ricorso a modelli artificiali si basa inevitabilmente su approssimazioni e semplificazioni, che riducono il valore predittivo dei risultati ottenuti. I vantaggi principali di questo tipo di ricerche risiedono nella possibilit\ue0 di controllare al meglio i parametri fissi, agendo liberamente su quelli oggetto di sperimentazione, nell\u2019elevata ripetibilit\ue0 e nei costi inferiori. Il significato clinico della sperimentazione in vitro \ue8 funzione del grado di verosimiglianza e attendibilit\ue0 delle condizioni sperimentali poste.L\u2019analisi agli elementi finiti (FEA) \ue8 stata inizialmente sviluppata nei primi anni \u201960, per risolvere problemi strutturali nell\u2019industria aerospaziale. Da allora \ue8 stata usata in molti campi. La prima applicazione della FEA all\u2019odontoiatria \ue8 quello di Weinstein et al. del 1976 (1).Scopo del presente articolo \ue8 l\u2019utilizzo di tecniche di rerverse engineering per ottenere, da una mandibola umana, un modello a elementi finiti (FEM) tridimensionale il pi\uf9 realistico possibile
Brodie's syndrome. A report of 2 atypical cases [Sindrome di Brodie. Presentazione di due casi atipici.]
The aim of the authors is to show the treatment of Brodie's syndrome even in atypical cases w... more The aim of the authors is to show the treatment of Brodie's syndrome even in atypical cases where this pathology can not offer typical signs but can be associated to other skeletal deformities of the face. There are two atypical cases of Brodie's syndrome both of them came to our out patient's department. They were grown-up (one 20 one 22 years old), one of them with an extreme vertical expansion of lower third of the face and with a big transverse expansion of the upper maxillary bone, all typical signs of Brodie's syndrome; the other patient was with an extreme transverse expansion of the upper maxilla associated to a II class and a defect of 11, 12, 21, 22. The first patient was treated with orthodontic Tweed technique continued with surgical operation setting out to the contraction of the transverse diameter of the upper maxilla, associated to a Le Fort I osteotomy and an Epker osteotomy of the jaw. This orthodontic-surgical correction, allowed us to achieve a good aesthetic and functional result. The second patient was treated with orthodontics followed by surgical correction of the excessive transverse expansion of the upper maxilla after a Le Fort I osteotomy; a sagittal split of the jaw on Gotte technique was performed to correct the III class. We gave the patient a good aesthetic result with the restoration of the lost teeth in the upper maxilla, reaching in this way a good aesthetic and a well functioning result. We think it's possible to treat patients with atypical Brodie's syndrome with orthodontics or surgery in the same way we treat Brodie's syndrome and other deformities of the face reaching good aesthetic-functional results
Experimental Evaluation of Zirconia Roughness After 5 Different Polishing Methods
PURPOSE:The purpose of this experimental study was to:1.Evaluate the microroughness (Ra degree) a... more PURPOSE:The purpose of this experimental study was to:1.Evaluate the microroughness (Ra degree) and surface morphology by SEM of Y-TZP samples subjected to 5 different polishing methods;2.Evaluate the efficacy of each polishing technique on the basis of published Ra data;3.Identify a polishing technique, which allows obtaining Ra values and a morphologic surface able to prevent bacterial adhesion.METHODS:21 zirconia platelets (1 cm x 0.7 cm thickness 1 mm).Samples were subjected to 5 different polishing methods from 5 different operators. Each operator realized 4 samples. Microroughness measurements and statistical analysis of the data obtained and Morphological analysis by SEM took place at the \u201cCentro Grandi Strumenti\u201d of the University of Modena.RESULTS:Data indicate that all polishing techniques are operator-dependent and the final result can be affected by several variables. Such variables not only led to significant differences between operators but also among samples of the same group. Ra values were reported to be 650.3 \u3bcm.CONCLUSIONS:1.The polishing techniques not result sufficiently efficacious to reduce Ra surface values of zirconia; surfaces tested are characterized by Ra medium values >0.2\ub5m; values over 0.2\ub5m are not able to prevent bacterial adhesion to the same surface;2.Low Ra values not necessarily correspond with a smooth surface, as indicated by SEM analysis. This shows that a polish zirconia surface can present irregularities anyway;3.Zirconia surfaces analyzed show diversity both in the Ra values reported by microroughness measurements and in the morphologic surface evaluated by SEM, not only between samples polishing by different operators but also between samples of the same operator; therefore, it is important identify a standard polishing method which is able to lead the Ra surface values below 0.2\ub5m and to do uniform the procedures of the different operators
Oral atrophic lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesion malignant transformation: report and management of two cases
BACKGROUND: There is an ongoing debate in the literature whether patients with oral lichen planus... more BACKGROUND: There is an ongoing debate in the literature whether patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) carry an increased risk of developing a squamous cell carcinomas. Nevertheless, there is a tendency to accept that there is. The annual malignant transformation rate amounting less than 0.5%. This chronic disorder mainly affects middle-aged people. The etiopathogenesis is still poorly understood. There is no effective treatment and there are no preventive measures either. An important obstacle in the discussion on the possible potentially malignant character of oral lichen planus is caused by the lack of clear clinical and histopathologic diag- nostic criteria of oral lichen planus, resulting in a poor clin- icopathologic correlation in the diagnosis. One of the major problems of interpretation of malignant potential studies of OLP is the inexistence of strict diagnostic criteria to differentiate lichenoid processes. Some studies have included cases of OLP with OLL and vice versa. The differentiation between OLP and OLL has become important, since the latter might have a greater malignant potential. For this reason, it is important to establish precise clinical and histopathological criteria of differentiation of the lesions. CASE REPORT: 1st) A 73 years old woman with a 12 months histological diagnosis of oral lichen planus localized on tongue dorsum, previously biopsied and studied in a differ- ent structure, came to our attention to investigate an ulcerative lesion on tongue midline. No smoking habit, alcohol abuse, anemia or previous malignancies diagnosis were referred; topical corticosteroid therapy was referred. An incisional biopsy was performed showing lichenoid lesion, atypia and high grade of dysplasia at histological examination. Subsequently, lesion was radically removed with wide excision margins. Microscopic examination returned diagnosis of mild differentiated squamous cell carcinoma arose on lichenoid lesion. Resection margins were clean without perineural or vascular invasion. After 18 months follow-up, symptoms of dull pain and burn sensation were referred. Tongue dorsum was macroscopically altered, with an ulcer-like lesion surrounded by edematous mucosa. Consequently, an incisional biopsy was performed showing the presence of a low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Lesion was radically excised, margins were widened and examined with frozen sections. Patient underwent to bilateral SND (level I-III) and RTP. Histological examination returns a diagnosis of recurrent pT1 pN1 micro-invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Microscopic signs of lichenoid lesion were still evident. 2nd) A 74 years old woman, with a 20 months history o
Biomeccanica dei ponti in estensione su elementi naturali (cantilever)
La riabilitazione di pazienti con edentulismi parziali \ue8 un problema di frequente riscontro cl... more La riabilitazione di pazienti con edentulismi parziali \ue8 un problema di frequente riscontro clinico e di difficile soluzione. La riabilitazione mediante protesi parziale rimovibile (PPR) in pazienti che rifiutano la chirurgia implantare \ue8 stata, ed \ue8 tuttora, una comune scelta terapeutica protesica. La necessit\ue0 di adattamento clinico del manufatto protesico rimovibile osservata da Bergman, per\uf2, si rende necessaria gi\ue0 durante i primi due anni di controllo e sussiste nella riattivazione del braccio ritentivo dei ganci, ribasatura del corpo protesico, frattura/sostituzione della protesi a causa della frattura o dello scarso adattamento del framework. I limiti del trattamento protesico rimovibile rispetto alla protesi parziale fissa (PPF) in estensione sono stati evidenziati da Budtz-Jorgensen che ha considerato 27 pazienti tra i 61 e gli 83 anni di et\ue0 riabilitati con una protesi parziale fissa con elementi in estensione nella parte inferiore e una protesi totale in quella superior
Mascherina DI Verifica Della Posizione DI Impianti Multipli: Una Nuova Procedura
Il problema della connessione tra gli impianti endoossei e la rispettiva componente transmucosa e... more Il problema della connessione tra gli impianti endoossei e la rispettiva componente transmucosa e' controverso.Lo scopo di questo articolo e' illustrare le fasi di una procedura originale per la realizzazione di una mascherina di verifica della posizione implantare
Der passive sitz verschraubter implantat-suprakonstruktionen - biologische und biomechanische aspekte - eine literaturubersicht
La passivit\ue0 della protesi su impianti rappresenta uno degli argomenti pi\uf9 controversi dell... more La passivit\ue0 della protesi su impianti rappresenta uno degli argomenti pi\uf9 controversi dell\u2019attuale ricerca. Il termine \u201cadattamento passivo\u201d (o \u201cpassive fit\u201d), indica una protesi il cui alloggiamento \ue8 compatibile con la capacit\ue0 del corpo di adattarsi e rimodellarsi in risposta ad uno stimolo. Br\ue5nemark descrive un processo di rimodellamento osseo perimplantare, in seguito alla connessione degli abutment alla protesi, fino al raggiungimento di uno \u201cstato stazionario\u201d. Dal punto di vista clinico, l\u2019adattamento \ue8 inteso come la presenza o l\u2019assenza di tensioni a riposo, nel manufatto, sui componenti implantari o nell\u2019osso. Il posizionamento di una sovrastruttura non passiva, quindi, \ue8 in grado di influenzare notevolmente l\u2019ambiente biomeccanico ricevente, sia quando l\u2019osteointegrazione sia gi\ue0 stata raggiunta, sia quando, come nel caso delle metodiche a carico immediato, l\u2019osso sia ancora in fase di guarigione. Lo scopo di questo articolo \ue8 la revisione della letteratura relativamente all\u2019adattamento passivo delle protesi avvitate su impianti, con particolare riferimento agli effetti biologici e biomeccanici del misfit
Implant Retained-RPD for Kennedy Class I Edentulism
Objectives:The objective of this work is to present an original treatment option that is easy and... more Objectives:The objective of this work is to present an original treatment option that is easy and effective in any professionals' hands and at the same time reasonably economic for it needs a limited numbers of implants and avoid additional treatment on residual teeth.We call this option Implant Retained Removable Partial Denture (IR-RPD)Methods:IR-RPD is a standard RPD \u2013 with an even easier design \u2013 that is anchored to dental implants by mean of ball attachments that enhance the dento-mucosal model of masticatory force transmission of traditional RPDs.For Kennedy Class I edentulism we propose to use two implants close to the distal teeth. On these implants is possible to use a ball attachment, which works as an aesthetic retention, giving support with an optimized rotation axis and distributing occlusal forces to implants, teeth and mucosa.Results:In our units between 1998 and 2000 20 patients has been treated with 50 implants.At the end of a 7-year follow-up we can observe that:We've lost 3 implants (cumulative success rate of 94%)All prosthesis are still workingThe satisfaction of the patient is highThe maintenance of the prosthesis is similar to traditional RPDConclusions:IR-RPDs are designed to easily rehabilitate patients with a RPD anchored to one or two implants that enhance retention and stability without anaesthetic clasp assemblies on anterior teeth and avoid preparation of residual dentition in case of combined fixed- movable dentures or majors surgical procedures in case of implant treatment
FEA di carichi puntiformi statici su Implant Bridge inferiore
LO SCOPO DEL PRESENTE LAVORO E' QUELLO DI DETERMINARE L'ENTITA' DEGLI STRESS DISSIPAT... more LO SCOPO DEL PRESENTE LAVORO E' QUELLO DI DETERMINARE L'ENTITA' DEGLI STRESS DISSIPATI DALL'APPLICAZIONE DI CARICHI PUNTIFORMI E STATICI SU IMPLANT BRIDGE INFERIORE DI CINQUE IMPIANTI RIPRODUCENTE LA REALE SITUAZIONE CLINICA DEL PAZIENTE.CON LE LIMITAZIONI DI TALE SIMULAZIONE IN VITRO SI PUO' CONCLUDERE CHE LA TIPOLOGIA DELL'ARCATA ANTAGONISTA, UNITAMENTE AD ALCUNE VARIABILI CLINICHE, QUALI L'ATTIVITA' PARAFUNZIONALE DEL PAZIENTE, POSSONO GENERARE FORZE POTENZIALMENTE IN GRADO DI FRATTURARE IL FRAMEWORK PROTESICO OLTRE A DANNEGGIARE IRREVERSIBILMENTE L'OSTEOINTEGRAZIONE A LIVELLO DEI PILASTRI FRONTIERA
Utilizzo della riverse engineering per lo sviluppo di un modello a elementi finiti mandibolare tridimensionale
Lo studio del comportamento funzionale dei biomateriali pu\uf2 essere effettuato in vivo o in vit... more Lo studio del comportamento funzionale dei biomateriali pu\uf2 essere effettuato in vivo o in vitro.La valutazione in vivo, pi\uf9 complessa, presenta numerosi svantaggi: richiede campioni numericamente ampi per avere significativit\ue0 statistica, consente di valutare solo pochi parametri in tempi relativamente lunghi, \ue8 costosa e pone problemi di natura etica. I risultati, inoltre, risentono notevolmente delle molteplici variabili individuali e tecniche, che riducono la ripetibilit\ue0 delle sperimentazioni. D\u2019altra parte, il ricorso a modelli artificiali si basa inevitabilmente su approssimazioni e semplificazioni, che riducono il valore predittivo dei risultati ottenuti. I vantaggi principali di questo tipo di ricerche risiedono nella possibilit\ue0 di controllare al meglio i parametri fissi, agendo liberamente su quelli oggetto di sperimentazione, nell\u2019elevata ripetibilit\ue0 e nei costi inferiori. Il significato clinico della sperimentazione in vitro \ue8 funzione del grado di verosimiglianza e attendibilit\ue0 delle condizioni sperimentali poste.L\u2019analisi agli elementi finiti (FEA) \ue8 stata inizialmente sviluppata nei primi anni \u201960, per risolvere problemi strutturali nell\u2019industria aerospaziale. Da allora \ue8 stata usata in molti campi. La prima applicazione della FEA all\u2019odontoiatria \ue8 quello di Weinstein et al. del 1976 (1).Scopo del presente articolo \ue8 l\u2019utilizzo di tecniche di rerverse engineering per ottenere, da una mandibola umana, un modello a elementi finiti (FEM) tridimensionale il pi\uf9 realistico possibile
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