Publications by Nicola Polloni
Ancient Philosophy Today: Dialogoi 6/1 (2024): 38-64
Scholastic hylomorphism conceives prime matter and substantial form as metaphysical parts of ever... more Scholastic hylomorphism conceives prime matter and substantial form as metaphysical parts of every physical substance. During the early modern period, both hylomorphic constituents faced significant criticism as scientists and philosophers sought to replace Aristotelianism with physical explanations for the workings of the universe. This paper focuses specifically on prime matter and delves into the arguments put forth by four 16 th-century scholastic philosophers-Toledo, Fonseca, Góis, and Suárez-in their attempts to establish the existence of prime matter. Firstly, I analyse a set of arguments rooted in substantial change, which emphasize the crucial role of a persistent, common substrate in the processes of generation and corruption. Secondly, I explore a set of ex-nihilo arguments and, thirdly, I examine a series of demonstrations based on the interplay between accidental and substantial change. Although these three sets of arguments converge on the necessity of a common substrate for substantial change to occur, they fall short of demonstrating that this substrate is both prime and shared by all natural entities. Fourthly, I turn to a set of arguments centred on the impossibility of infinite regress, designed to complement those related to natural change, and I assess additional arguments that do not primarily focus on substantial change. Lastly, I draw my conclusions on these argumentative strategies to demonstrate the existence of prime matter.
![Research paper thumbnail of 罗吉尔•培根自然哲学中的质料多元论 [Material Pluralism in Roger Bacon's Philosophy of Nature]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111053505/thumbnails/1.jpg)
自然辩证法通讯 [= Journal of Dialectics of Nature] 46/3 (2024): 80-89., 2024
Hylomorphism, the theory claiming that all bodies are made of matter and form, was among the most... more Hylomorphism, the theory claiming that all bodies are made of matter and form, was among the most consequential and controversial theories marking the history of premodern European philosophy. This theory was open to many issues concerning both natural philosophy and metaphysics, especially in relation to the ontological condition of matter and form and the ontological constitution of natural bodies (elements and mixtures). This contribution explores the curious intertwining of both physical and metaphysical levels according to one of the most original thinkers from medieval Europe, Roger Bacon. Particularly, the article discusses Bacon's stances on the plurality of substantial forms and his elaboration of a novel theory of material pluralism his Elements of Physics (Lat. Communia Naturalium). After a short examination of the main theoretical problems implied by hylomorphism, I discuss Bacon's adherence to universal hylomorphism and formal pluralism showing his original interpretation of these doctrines. His strong interpretation implies him to formulate a different theory of metaphysical matter by claiming that each substantial form needs to be joined to a specific metaphysical matter apt to it. While Bacon's claim preludes to a very generous ontology, it is also the key to a novel consideration of natural change and the position of a new ontological actor as substrate of natural vicissitudes: natural matter, a physical rather than metaphysical entity.
Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 105/3 (2023): 414-443., 2023
In its formlessness and potentiality, prime matter is a problematic entity of medieval metaphysic... more In its formlessness and potentiality, prime matter is a problematic entity of medieval metaphysics and its ontological limitations drastically affect human possibility of conceiving it. In this article, I analyse three influential strategies elaborated to justify an epistemic access to prime matter. They are incidental perception, negative abstraction, and analogy. Through a systematic and historical analysis of these procedures, the article shows the richness of interpretations and theoretical stakes implied by the conundrum of how prime matter can be known by human beings. In particular, the reasons behind the later medieval acceptance of analogy as the main way to unveil prime matter become clearer by pointing out the correlation between the ontological and epistemological levels of the medieval examination of prime matter.
Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía 40/2 (2023): 15-24, 2023
La contribución de Domingo Gundisalvo a la historia de la filosofía medieval ha sido de fundament... more La contribución de Domingo Gundisalvo a la historia de la filosofía medieval ha sido de fundamental importancia especialmente por su originalidad y sincretismo. Sin embargo, la recepción explícita de las obras de Gundisalvo en el siglo XIII ha sido explorada sólo parcialmente. Este artículo discute el problema desde un punto de vista metodológico a través del examen de un caso particular: la influencia de las obras de Gundisalvo en la Summa Halensis. Después de haber presentado los problemas principales de un análisis del impacto de Gundisalvo en el siglo XIII, el artículo discute algunos ejemplos de la influencia explicita en Roger Bacon y Thomas de York. La ultima parte de la contribución examina el uso del De unitate et uno de Gundisalvo por parte de los autores de la Summa Halensis y un posible ejemplo de influencia implícita de otros textos gundisalvianos en esta obra.
Edited by Nicola Polloni, Marienza Benedetto, and Federico Dal Bo. Turnhout: Brepols. 2023. 412 pp. ISBN: 9782503605524.
In Ibn Gabirol (Avicebron): Latin and Hebrew Philosophical Traditions, ed. by N. Polloni, M. Benedetto, and F. Dal Bo (Turnout: Brepols, 2023), 49-68., 2023
Institute of Philosophy of KU Leuven. His main research interests are hylomorphic theories and me... more Institute of Philosophy of KU Leuven. His main research interests are hylomorphic theories and medieval ontology. 1 See the chapters by Pessin and Cavaleiro de Macedo in this volume. 2 See Fenton, 'Gleanings from Mdseh Ibn 'Ezra'; and Pines, 'Sefer ' Arugat ha-Bdsem'. 3 On Falaquera's translation, see Dal Bo's dedicated chapter in this volume.
In Contextualizing Premodern Philosophy: Explorations of the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin Traditions, ed. by L.X. López Farjeat, K. Krause, and N. Oschman (London: Routledge, 2023), 293-308., 2022
The works of Dominicus Gundissalinus (or Gundisalvi; ca. 1115-post-1190) form a turning point in ... more The works of Dominicus Gundissalinus (or Gundisalvi; ca. 1115-post-1190) form a turning point in the history of European medieval philosophy, marking a fundamental step toward the integration of Islamicate philosophy into the Latin tradition. Gundissalinus was not a master in a medieval university, nor was philosophizing his main occupation; he was mostly a translator from Arabic to Latin and an archdeacon of the cathedral of Toledo. This does not, however, diminish the role or the scope of Gundissalinus' re ections on metaphysics, gnoseology, and psychology. One of the characteristic traits of twelfth-century Iberia was the movement of an unprecedented number of people and books from the Islamic south toward Castile and Aragon. 1 Fleeing from the Almohad invasion of al-Andalus, these refugees brought to the Christian north their cultural heritage, both material and immaterial: books and people, skills and expertise. This ow fueled the famous "translation movement" that had started in Iberia at the beginning of the twelfth century and whose main center was by then Toledo. The pioneering translators of Toledo took up the task of making available to Latin readers some of this dazzling collection of new books, which promised to present novel solutions to long-debated problems, theories and practices capable of advancing Latinate science, and even new disciplines that Latin people had never yet heard of. 2 To be correctly understood, Gundissalinus' contribution to the history of philosophy must be contextualized within that intellectual framework. Aside from his ecclesiastical duties, Gundissalinus was primarily a translator, very often working with other translators (especially Abraham ibn Daud and Johannes Hispanus). 3 Gundissalinus' philosophy is structurally bound to his work as translator: he appears to have felt compelled to philosophize upon the works he translated, connecting their doctrines to theories and problems debated in the Latin tradition. His reasons for writing philosophy in this way are unknown. It might be that someone requested Gundissalinus to write the works, or that he was teaching at the cathedral school, like his colleague Gerard of Cremona. 4 Or it might be that Gundissalinus wrote in order to understand what he was translating, or even that he did so simply out of a passionate interest in philosophical matters. Almost nothing can be established in this regard, at least currently.
London: Routledge, 2022. 272pp. ISBN: 9781003094791.
The Latin Middle Ages were characterised by a vast array of different representations of nature. ... more The Latin Middle Ages were characterised by a vast array of different representations of nature. These conceptualisations of the natural world were developed according to the specific requirements of many different disciplines, with the consequent result of producing a fragmentation of images of nature. Despite this plurality, two main tendencies emerged. On the one hand, the natural world was seen as a reflection of God's perfection, teleologically ordered and structurally harmonious. On the other, it was considered a degraded version of the spiritual realm-a world of impeccable ideas, separate substances, and celestial movers. This book focuses on this tension between order and randomness, and the idealisation and reality of nature in the Middle Ages. It provides a cutting-edge profile of the doctrinal and semantic richness of the medieval idea of nature and also illustrates the structural interconnection among learned and scientific disciplines in the medieval period, stressing the fundamental bond linking together science and philosophy, on the one hand, and philosophy and theology, on the other. This book will appeal to scholars and students alike interested in Medieval European History, Theology, Philosophy, and Science. Mattia Cipriani currently holds an Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellowship at the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. His research focuses on Thomas of Cantimpré's Liber de natura rerum, on medieval encyclopaedism, and on the transmission of naturalistic ideas and texts. Nicola Polloni has worked at the universities of Pavia, Durham, and Berlin. Since October 2020, he is FWO Senior Research Fellow at KU Leuven, Belgium. His research expands cross-disciplinarily on medieval hylomorphism and theories of matter.
Fragmented Nature: Medieval Latinate Reasoning on the Natural World and Its Order Edited by Mattia Cipriani and Nicola Polloni. London: Routledge, 2022. 272 pp. ISBN: 9781003094791., 2022
In Ишрак: ежегодник исламской философии [= Ishraq: Islamic Philosophy Yearbook], Vol. 10. Edited by Janis Eshots, 110-130. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022., 2022
In Premodern Experience of the Natural World in Translation, ed. by Katja Krause, Maria Avxentevskaya, and Dror Weil (London: Routledge, 2022), 325-340.
In Verba et mores: Studi per Carla Casagrande, ed. by Chiara Crisciani and Gabriella Zuccolin (Rome: Aracne, 2022), 301-319, 2023
Nella seconda metà del dodicesimo secolo Toledo era un centro intellettuale di grande rilevanza n... more Nella seconda metà del dodicesimo secolo Toledo era un centro intellettuale di grande rilevanza nell'Europa latina. La città castigliana ospitava uno dei principali centri di traduzione di testi scienti ci e loso ci dall'arabo al latino. Probabilmente nanziati direttamente dal capitolo toledano, due gruppi di traduttori erano all'opera, guidati, probabilmente, da Gerardo da Cremona e Abraham ibn Daud. Del primo gruppo faceva parte, oltre a Gerardo, anche il mozárabe Galippus. Il secondo gruppo, invece, includeva Domenico Gundisalvi (o Gundissalinus) e Giovanni Ispano (Johannes Hispanus). La maggioranza di questi traduttori era attivamente coinvolta in ulteriori attività intellettuali. Contestualmente alla loro attività di traduzione, molti di questi traduttori scrissero opere loso che e scientiche in cui le teorie arabe erano discusse, assimilate e, in caso, ri utate. Gerardo da Cremona aveva il titolo magister in seno al capitolo toledano, cosa che lascia supporre che avesse avuto un ruolo attivo di insegnamento nella scuola cattedrale della città. Da questi dati, alcuni studiosi hanno ipotizzato la presenza di una «scuola di traduttori» a Toledo, nella quale Gerardo avrebbe insegnato. Il principale resoconto di tale scuola è contenuto nella Philosophia di Daniele di. Si veda N. P
In Fragmented Nature: Medieval Latinate Reasoning on the Natural World and Its Order, ed. by M. Cipriani and N. Polloni (London: Routledge, 2022), 49-75
In Mark of Toledo: Intellectual Context and Debates between Christians and Muslims in Early Thirteenth Century Iberia, ed. by Charles Burnett and Pedro Mantas España (London: The Warburg Institute, Cordoba: UcoPress, 2022), 155-195
British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 2021
The article dissects Grosseteste's theory of the origin of bodily motion discussed in De motu cor... more The article dissects Grosseteste's theory of the origin of bodily motion discussed in De motu corporali et luce. The first section examines Grosseteste's discussion of the metaphysical structure of body qua body and the postulation of a kind of original motion (motion qua motion) as a common feature to all bodies. The second section discusses how Grosseteste's stance on the ontological structure of bodies is connected to his claim that motion qua motion is originated by the apprehensive power as such. The latter is a generic feature common to the apprehensive powers of celestial intelligences, humans, and animals. Finally, the last section of the article analyses Grosseteste's identification of light with the cause of five kinds of change. Stressing the tensions within his treatment of this problem, I argue that Grosseteste elaborates a remarkably original theory of the ontological structure of the bodies, which stems from his blending of Aristotelian natural philosophy with metaphysical assumptions inherited from the Platonic tradition.
Revue de théologie et dephilosophie 153, 2021
This contribution engages with the problematic position of the mechanical arts within medieval sy... more This contribution engages with the problematic position of the mechanical arts within medieval systems of knowledge. Superseding the secondary position assigned to the mechanical arts in the Early Middle Ages, the solutions proposed by Hugh of St Victor and Gundissalinus were highly influential during the thirteenth century. While Hugh’s integration of the mechanical arts into his system of knowledge betrays their still ancillary position as regards consideration of the liberal arts, Gundissalinus’s theory proposes two main novelties. On the one hand, he sets the mechanical arts alongside alchemy and the arts of prognostication and magic. On the other, however, using the theory put forward by Avicenna, he subordinates these “natural sciences” to natural philosophy itself, thereby establishing a broader architecture of knowledge hierarchically ordered. Our contribution examines the implications of such developments and their reception afforded at Paris during the thirteenth century, emphasising the relevance that the solutions offered by Gundissalinus enjoyed in terms of the ensuing discussions concerning the structure of human knowledge.
Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science, 2020
This article investigates the origin of Robert Grosseteste's theory of matter. Covering Grosseste... more This article investigates the origin of Robert Grosseteste's theory of matter. Covering Grosseste's early production, from his De artibus liberalibus to De luce and the Commentarius on Aristotle's Physics, his gradual developing of a philosophical theory of matter and prime matter is examined by means of his progressive study of the works of the Aristotelian tradition. Surprisingly, Grosseteste's first notion of matter is bound to alchemy and astrology. It is a physical notion of matter as subject to astral influence and human manipulation. Only with his study of Aristotle's Physics does Grosseteste elaborate a more Aristotelian theory of matter, directly engaging himself with the manifold problems of assimilating Aristotle's theories into a Christian-based speculation. As a consequence, a much-refined version of his theory of matter is presented in the commentary on the Physics and De luce, where prime matter is envisioned as an extensionless point containing in itself the possibility of the existence of the entire universe. Notwithstanding the gradually more philosophical attitude marking Grosseteste's reflection, some tension between the alchemical and metaphysical epistemes of matter he engaged with can be appreciated throughout much of his early production.
The Philosophy and Science of Roger Bacon. Studies in Honour of Jeremiah Hackett Edited by Nicola Polloni and Yael Kedar. London: Routledge, 2021. 270 pp. ISBN: 9780367471743., 2021
Physics De sensu et sensato De generatione et corruptione De animalibus De anima De caelo et mund... more Physics De sensu et sensato De generatione et corruptione De animalibus De anima De caelo et mundo De causis De plantis libri naturales Sentences De mirabilis potestate
In Early Thirteenth-Century English Franciscan Thought, ed. by L. Schumacher (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021), 261–282., 2021
In his Compendium studii philosophiae, Roger Bacon declares that ‘were I to have power over the b... more In his Compendium studii philosophiae, Roger Bacon declares that ‘were I to have power over the books of Aristotle I would have them all burned because it is nothing but a waste of time to study them, a cause of error, and a multiplication of error beyond what can be accounted for.’ Bacon’s pyromaniac attitude to Aristotle is not due to his dislike of the acclaimed Philosopher, but rather to the Latin rendering of his works. Bacon points out that ‘since the labors of Aristotle are the foundations of all of science, no one can estimate how great the damage is to Latins because of the bad translations philosophers have received.’ Apparently, nothing can be better than something, if the latter is a source of error and discord. Expanding on the same line of reasoning, Bacon observes that it would be better to do as Robert Grosseteste did (pace sua), when he ‘entirely disregarded the books of Aristotle and their methods’ – at least according to Bacon. One might wonder, what was so bad about the Latin translations of Aristotle to motivate such harsh criticism by Bacon? In the following pages, I want to discuss Roger Bacon’s critique of the Latin translators and present a different interpretation of Bacon’s stance. This topic has been studied by Gabriel Théry and Richard Lemay. In their discussion of Bacon’s position, however, both scholars appear to have been quite unable to distinguish theory from rhetoric, purpose from persuasiveness, and the historical actor from the historical witness. As a consequence, the biases they see and blame in Bacon’s criticism of the translators are mirrored by their own criticism of Bacon’s words.
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Publications by Nicola Polloni
Important aspects of the strong oppositions to hylomorphism in 17th-century philosophy have been object of recent studies. Nonetheless, the story of how this doctrine and its associated concepts proper to Aristotelianism gradually declined in the late Middle Ages still has to be properly assessed, especially in consideration of the fundamental theoretical developments of the 15th and 16th centuries. Organised by Sylvain Roudaut (Stockholm) and Nicola Polloni (Leuven), the conference “Hylomorphism into Pieces: Elements, Atoms and Corpuscles in the Late Middle Ages” aims to fill this gap by studying the major steps of this story from the late 14th century to the late 16th century.
The rejection of hylomorphism as explanatory device for the constitution of natural bodies was drastically facilitated by the influence of competing justifications of the internal structure of bodies. The rediscovery of Lucretius’ De natura rerum in the early 15th century, together with new translations of other materials from Antiquity, generated new ideas about the structure of bodies and the type of explanation required for natural processes. But how were those new theories of matter received and integrated into the still dominant Aristotelian vocabulary of the time in the first place? To what extent did philosophers of the 15th and 16th centuries—including scholastic thinkers—try to reconcile hylomorphism and these new theories of matter?
Another crucial point of discussion is the theme of minima naturalia, which was originally discussed within the scholastic framework and in connection with problems proper to Aristotelian natural philosophy (such as the problems of spatial and temporal limits). But is it legitimate to regard late medieval theories of minima naturalia as corpuscularist or pre-corpuscularist conceptions of matter? To what extent did those theories pave the way for more radical corpuscularist conceptions of nature?
Finally, in Aristotelian natural philosophy, hylomorphism was accompanied by another theory of composition, taking bodies as elemental mixtures—those two types of composition being notoriously hard to reconcile. In what way did atomism affect the relation between those theories and benefitted the bottom-up approach typical of elemental composition? Similar questions can be asked about the notions of act and potency, which were increasingly detached from Aristotelian hylomorphism due to the development of corpuscularist accounts of motion.
Hylomorphism into Pieces: Elements, Atoms and Corpuscles in the Late Middle Ages (1400–1600) will take place on 7-8 April 2022 in both Stockholm and Leuven, as well as in anyone’s laptop via Zoom.
Given the goal of Divergent Scholasticism, the workshop hosts experts on a varied set of philosophical and scientific domains delving into a diverse series of topics. Such interdisciplinary approach is aimed at reconstructing the plural dimension of Second Scholasticism, particularly concerning its American developments. Consequently, the workshop will dive into a multiplicity of themes linked together by two main strands:
(1) The formation of the Latin American philosophical tradition in the virreinatos of New Spain and Peru, in particular concerning logic, metaphysics, and natural philosophy
(2) The reception and application of philosophical and scientific thought elaborated in ancient, medieval, and early-modern Europe with specific attention paid on medicine, theology, pedagogy, and law.
Divergent Scholasticism will unfold remotely (on Zoom) with six sessions (one every 5 weeks, approximately) dedicated to specific aspects of the debate. Starting in March 2022, the workshop will bring together scholars from Europe and Latin America, blending their unique expertise into an overreaching discussion of theories, problems, and methods adopted by Second Scholasticism. Session attendance will be open to anyone interested in the discussion, free of charge.
and reweaving of medieval paradigms of the physical world in the thirteenth century. The first three papers examine tensions within medieval paradigms of corporeality. Neil Lewis will explore medieval attempts to fit ‘body’ into the Aristotelian categorial scheme by distinguishing body as substance and quantified body. David Cory will examine the emergence of a ‘dual explanation’ of physical phenomena in terms of materiality and corporeality. Nicola Polloni will show how this duality raised questions about matter’s (un)knowability, putting its physical function into tension with its metaphysical limitations. The last two papers treat two cases, concerning bodily properties, that challenged Aristotelian paradigms among thirteenth-century Christian and Islamic intellectuals. Therese Cory will examine how Parisian theorists sought to integrate light into their paradigm of corporeality. Emma Gannagé will examine how the post-Avicennian medical tradition handled the problem of bodies exhibiting
secondary qualities (magnetism or healing properties) beyond those manifested by all bodies in common.
Scopo del Convegno è evidenziare con un approccio multidisciplinare e interdisciplinare come le rappresentazioni della natura si trasformino, nei contenuti e nei modi, fra il V e il XV secolo. Accanto alle rappresentazioni concettuali, proprie delle discipline teoretiche, sarà dato ampio spazio alle rappresentazioni figurative, letterarie e musicali. Non solo concezioni e teorie della natura, dunque, ma anche immagini, simboli, suoni che nel Medioevo riproducono, evocano o fingono mondi naturali. Rispetto agli studi già esistenti sull’argomento, il Convegno si propone di suggerire letture innovative che possano mettere in discussione i paradigmi storico-critici vigenti e le nozioni date per acquisite, contribuendo così a reimpostare l’intera questione in una nuova ottica, capace di superare le tradizionali frontiere disciplinari.
Louvain, 14-15 October 2022
Avicenna’s contributions have been pivotal for the development of knowledge in pre-modern Europe. Since the 12th century, his philosophical works had been made available in Latin and used to investigate metaphysical and natural problems, better understand Aristotle’s sometimes obscure doctrines, assimilate the reflections of thinkers like Alexander of Aphrodisias, but also to train generations of physicians to treat illnesses and grasp the fundamentals of embryology and the fabric of the human body. By focusing on the multilayered transfer of Avicenna’s theories to the Latin West, from the times of Domenicus Gundisalvi to the Europe of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and of the newly founded Academies of Sciences, From Toledo to Gotha aims to gather some of the most innovative researchers working on aspects of the “Avicenna Latinus”. What is the nature and precise extent of Avicenna’s impact on European thought? Is it possible to isolate a specific Latin “brand” of Ibn Sina’s thought distinct from and defined against its original, “Arabic” contents and system? Is it accurate to consider that – as it has been commonly written – the main Islamicate authority in Europe was Averroes instead of Avicenna? How deep Renaissance Avicennism reshaped the Platonic and Aristotelian legacies? Which are the characteristic features of the material transmission, translation, circulation, and reading of Avicenna’s (and Ps-Avicenna’s) writings throughout Europe on the eve of the Scientific Revolution?
A joint collaboration among KU Leuven, UCLouvain, and SOFIME, the conference will foster a general re-setting of the debate on the “Avicenna Latinus”, shedding light on some obscure aspects of his influence on European philosophy through an organic, longue-durée and inter-linguistic approach to his philosophical production. Avicenna’s role in the constitution of European philosophy and science will be examined by discussing a series of intertwined questions touching upon a plurality of domains and aspects, from the material production and circulation of the Latin translations of Avicenna’s works to the impact of the latter on philosophical doctrines and medical practices developed in Europe.
Keynote speakers
Amos Bertolacci (Scuola IMT Alti Studi Lucca), Brian Copenhaver (UCLA), Raphaela Veit (University of Cologne), Iolanda Ventura (University of Bologna).
Organisers
Cécile Bonmariage (UCLouvain), Sébastien Moureau (UCLouvain), Nicola Polloni (KU Leuven), Andrea Aldo Robiglio (KU Leuven).
Sponsoring Institutions
Sociedad de Filosofía Medieval (SOFIME), KU Leuven, UCLouvain, FWO (to be confirmed), FNRS (to be confirmed)
Submissions
In order to apply, please, send your abstract (around 250 words) to [email protected] by 31 July 2022. Feel free to contact the organisers for any further information. Pending funding, there may be possibilities to cover some of the participants’ expenses. More information will be provided soon.
Publication
All speakers will be asked to submit their papers to publication in a peer-reviewed volume that will be edited soon after the conference.
Our journal is continuously published since 1993, with scientific contributions in Spanish, English, French, German, Italian and Portuguese. The submitted articles must be original contributions to the discussion on medieval thought and the transmission of knowledge (from the Middle Ages up to the Early-Modern Period), nonetheless contributions related to the intellectual tradition of Late Antiquity are welcomed too. Papers must be approximately between 5,000 and 25,000 words in length. The deadline for the submission is 1 July 2017. The contributions will be evaluated through a blind peer-review process. To submit a paper, sign up and follow the instructions on our OJS website:
https://www.uco.es/ucopress/ojs/index.php/refime/index.