Papers by HABEEB KAYODELE OMOKANYE
Nigerian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology , 2023
Background: Accidental ingestion or aspiration of foreign bodies carries a potential risk of fata... more Background: Accidental ingestion or aspiration of foreign bodies carries a potential risk of fatality in children and early intervention is vital. The urgency often dictates prompt referral to otolaryngologist. However, at the referral center, time may not always permit the most skilled specialist to arrive the point of care. Hence, the life-saving task may fall on any other doctor or ENT trained-nurse available in the emergency room at the time of patient's arrival. Objective: We analyzed contributory factors to morbidity and mortality in four selected cases; two near-fatal foreign body in infants, along with two others were delayed or no intervention led to fatal outcome. Method: In the current study, a retrospective review of case files of four patients with foreign body aspiration was conducted. Result: Two out of the 4 (50%) airway foreign bodies were successfully removed one with and the other without anesthesia. One of the lifesaving foreign body retrievals was done by an ENT trained nurse using available instruments and the other by an anaesthetist. The other two died either because of delayed presentation or refusal to consent to surgical intervention. Conclusion: The findings revealed that prompt imaging and referral to specialist center for early intervention are important factors to the outcome. However, absence of the most skilled manpower or the best instrument should not be allowed to preclude timely intervention.
Ear, Nose & Throat Journal
Foreign bodies, particularly fish bones, in the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus are a common c... more Foreign bodies, particularly fish bones, in the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus are a common complaint. A swallowed foreign body can be embedded in the tonsil, the base of the tongue, the pyriform fossae, or any region of the upper esophagus. A 70-year-old woman presented with persistent left-sided pharyngeal pain with the sensation of a foreign body for 10 days. She felt a sudden sharp pain in her pharynx while eating a fish head 10 days before the presentation. On examination, an elderly woman was found in painful distress. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy revealed a pool of saliva in the pyriform fossae and a diagnosis of a foreign body in the esophagus was suspected. She was planned for direct laryngoscopy, left (lateral/external) pharyngotomy, and removal of foreign bodies under fluoroscopic guidance of the C-arm. A metallic fish hook that hung over the greater left horn, buried in the neck muscles, was found during the surgery and was extracted. The patient did well postope...
Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences
Objective: Vitamin D are fat-soluble hormones with various biological effects in the body. Exposu... more Objective: Vitamin D are fat-soluble hormones with various biological effects in the body. Exposure to Sunlight remains the primary determinant of vitamin D status in humans. Despite abundant sunshine in northern Nigeria, high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been reported. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients attending ENT clinics in Nigeria. Patients and Methods: A multi-centre, case-control study carried out among ENT patients attending selected tertiary hospitals in northern Nigeria and healthy controls. The study locations and participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Consecutive consenting patients attending ENT clinics responded to interviewer-administered questionnaires. Serum vitamin D was determined using Calbiotech 25(OH) vitamin D ELISA kit. Results: Age range of the 198 participants was 2-70 years. Median ages was 31.0 and 31.5 years for subjects and controls respectively. Modal age group was 31-40 years. There were 62.1% female participants with Male to Female ratio of 1:1.6. Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D was higher among subjects than controls. (p=0.034) More females had deficient (87.5%) and insufficient (73.1%) levels of vitamin D compared with their male counterparts (12.5%) and (26.9%) respectively. (p= 0.009) Subjects with dark skin colour had lower mean vitamin D level (34.8 versus 39.8nmol/L). (p=0.006). Conclusion: Patients attending general Otorhinolaryngology clinics in northern Nigeria had low vitamin D levels and its supplementation may go a long way in optimizing their primary condition. Female gender and dark skin colour were important factors that contribute to low vitamin D level. Vitamin D supplements may be useful as prophylactics and adjunct treatment for common otorhinolaryngological conditions.
East African Medical Journal, 2015
Objectives : Determine the prevalence of vocal cord palsy and the relative prevalence of asymptom... more Objectives : Determine the prevalence of vocal cord palsy and the relative prevalence of asymptomatic vocal cord palsy in pre-operative goitre patients using flexible fibreoptic laryngoscope (FFL) as a laryngeal visualisation technique. Design : Hospital-based, cross-sectional study conducted throughout 2011 on consecutive, consenting pre-operative goitre patients referred to the E.N.T Department, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. Ilorin, Nigeria. Setting : University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (U.I.T.H) Ilorin is a 600-bedded tertiary institution, serving primarily patients from Kwara State. Subjects : One hundred and ten consenting patients, age 16 and above- whose cooperation could easily be gained for an awake-laryngoscopy procedure. Results : Mean age, 42.98 ± 14.71. Female: Male = 4.5:1. Palsy rate was 2.9% and 25% in benign and malignant goitre respectively. Hoarseness was reported by 3(2.7%) patients with vocal cord palsy (p 0.001). Asymptomatic palsy was 40%. Conclu...
African Health Sciences
Background: Foreign body (FB) in the aerodigestive tract presents more commonly in children and r... more Background: Foreign body (FB) in the aerodigestive tract presents more commonly in children and remains a surgical emergency with potential for fatal complications. Objectives: To describe management and outcomes of aerodigestive FB managed at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) and proffer preventive measures. Methods: A 9-year retrospective review of all patients with foreign body in the aerodigestive tract managed between March 2011 and July 2020. Results: Sixty-six patients were studied. Median age was 9years with M:F ratio =1.6:1. FB was ingested in 38(57.6%) patients, aspiration occurred in 28(42.4%). Denture was most common FB 20(30.3%); plastic whistle/valve placed in dolls or football accounted for 4(6.1%). When ingested, FB was impacted in cervical 17(44.7%), upper thoracic 10(26.3%) and middle thoracic 2(5.3%) oesophagus. Oesophagoscopy was used in 30(8.9%) for retrieval. When aspirated, FB was located in the right bronchus 10(35.7%), left bronchus 7(25.0%), hyp...
African Health Sciences
Background: Good hearing is essential to learning and rehabilitation of adolescent and young adul... more Background: Good hearing is essential to learning and rehabilitation of adolescent and young adults in juvenile correctional facilities. Hearing screening programme is not commonly in place for this incarcerated group. Objective: To evaluate hearing threshold among inmates of a juvenile correctional facility in Nigeria and compare pattern of hearing loss with a control group. Methods: A total of 135 inmates and equal number of age and sex matched control responded to interviewer-administered questionnaire followed by otoscopy and audiometry. Results: Mean age of inmates was 19 years ±2.0, while that of control was 18yrs ± 2.5. (p-value 0.077). Four (3%) inmates had bleeding from the ear; otoscopy revealed traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in 2(1.5%) of them. Prevalence of hearing loss was 19.2% and for disabling hearing loss it was 1.4%. Conductive hearing loss was the most common 33(24.4%). Inmates had consistently worse mean hearing thresholds than controls across all freque...
The objective of our study is to assess the frequency and distribution of ENT symptoms according ... more The objective of our study is to assess the frequency and distribution of ENT symptoms according to trimesters of pregnancy and the effect of these symptoms on the quality of life of pregnant women.This was an observational prospective case control study performed in the department of Otorhinolaryngology, Family Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a specialist health institution in Nigeria. A total of 220 women were recruited from the ENT, Family Medicine and Antenatal Clinic for the study, consisting of 110 subject and another 110 age matched controls following ethical approval. Assessment of ENT complaint and Examinations were carried out using a structured proforma for both subject and controls and compared the values and results presented in tables and figuresAge range for the subject was 17 - 43 years with a mean age of 28.4±5.4 years and age range for the controls is 19 – 43 years with a mean age of 28.1 ±5.3 years. Thirty seven of the subject were in the first trimest...
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2 vi... more Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2 virus). The global mortality rate of the disease ranges from 2.3 to 7% across various parts of the world with worse outcome recorded among the elderly and those with comorbidities. COVID19 has spread beyond international boundaries and current pattern of spread and presentation is in keeping with penetration into the interiors of our local communities. This review is aimed at providing information on the global and local spread of COVID-19, as an emerging disease with a huge impact on Nigerians and the rest of the world.Important articles describing pattern of spread and infection prevention and control strategies are summarized and included in this review
Pan African Medical Journal, 2021
Introduction: chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterised by inflammation of the mucosal lining... more Introduction: chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterised by inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nose and paranasal sinuses for at least 12 weeks duration. Other than the diagnostic criteria that is based on clinical features; nasoendoscopy and/or computerized tomographic scan have been included in the diagnosis. This study seeks to outline the clinical evaluation and nasoendoscopic assessment of CRS patients. Methods: a hospital-based analytical study carried out on 154 participants. Clinical assessment and nasoendoscopy were performed and scored according to the discharge, inflammation and polyps/oedema (DIP) scale. Statistical analysis was
Journal of neurosciences in rural practice
Hydrocephalus is a leading cause of disability among children worldwide. The outcome depends on m... more Hydrocephalus is a leading cause of disability among children worldwide. The outcome depends on morphology and whether insult is pre- or post-natal. There has been improvement in morbidity in developed countries due to improved surgical care. A paucity of trained personnel impacts negatively on care and outcome of infants with hydrocephalus in many low-income countries resulting poorer outcome. We conducted an audit of patients with hydrocephalus managed in our institution to determine common etiology and outcome. The objective of this retrospective review was to conduct an audit of hydrocephalus care in our institution. Information was retrieved from case notes, ward records, imaging results, operation notes, and follow-up clinic charts. Type of hydrocephalus, onset, treatment offered, outcome, complications, and follow-up duration were documented. Management of 58 infants with complete data was analyzed. Most hydrocephalus 40 (69%) were congenital with 14 (35%) occurring in associ...
Tropical Doctor, Jul 21, 2017
Cystometrography (CMG) is a means of studying bladder pressure. It is a very useful diagnostic to... more Cystometrography (CMG) is a means of studying bladder pressure. It is a very useful diagnostic tool in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms for which a simple cystoscopy will not offer sufficient information to form a diagnosis. Of the 8893 patients who underwent screening for urological conditions in rural northeast India during 2010-2014, 280 with lower urinary tract symptoms were investigated with a combination of cystoscopy and CMG. By corresponding CMG diagnosis and treatment, we could examine patients' overall satisfaction with both the procedure and the treatment. We describe a low-cost method of CMG and our results using this method in rural areas of India.
Highland Medical Research Journal, 2020
Background: Head and neck cancers remain a major public health concern with increasing prevalence... more Background: Head and neck cancers remain a major public health concern with increasing prevalence in Africa. The aim of this study was to highlight the current trends of head and neck cancers and compare with previous studies.Methods: A retrospective study of head and neck cancers seen in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital over a 6-year period (2013 – 2018) was done. Information was retrieved from the clinic, theatre and cancer registry centre. Sites of tumours, duration of symptoms before presentation, reasons for late presentation and histopathological diagnosis were extracted.Result: There were a total of 143 histologically confirmed head and neck cancers.. The age ranged from 2 – 100 years with a mean age of 52 years. The duration of symptoms at presentation was found to range from 3 months to 78 months. Over 80% presented late. Reasons for late presentation were financial constraints (60.5%), ignorance/wrong beliefs (32.4%), traditional treatment (41.6%) and delayed referra...
Tracheostomy tube (TT) is usually removed in a planned manner once the patient ceases to have the... more Tracheostomy tube (TT) is usually removed in a planned manner once the patient ceases to have the condition that necessitated the procedure. Accidental decannulation or extubation refers to inadvertent removal of tracheostomy tube out of the stoma. It could prove fatal in an otherwise stable patient. We review a variety of unexpected and often-overlooked causes of accidental decannulation with suggestions on preventive measures. We therefore present three cases of accidental decannulation of tracheostomy tubes in order to report our experiences in the management of the condition. CONCLUSION Accidental decannulation occurs both in hospitalized and patient on home care of their tracheostomy tubes. Reduction in neck circumference due to weight loss predisposes to accidental decannulation, which could be prevented by suturing the flange to the skin.
International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
Background: Tinnitus is a common, irritating and often disturbing symptom. It poses big challenge... more Background: Tinnitus is a common, irritating and often disturbing symptom. It poses big challenge to the patients’ management and affects their quality of life (QoL). Tinnitus is one of the most common otological symptoms associated with hearing loss. The aim of the study was to determine the quality of life of adult tinnitus patients and the effect presence of hearing loss has on the quality of life.Methods: All consenting adults presenting with tinnitus with or without associated hearing loss were recruited. Sociodemographic information, clinical assessment, pure tone audiometry (PTA) and QoL assessment with Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) were carried out. The data collected were analysed and results were presented in tables and simple chart. Results: The age range of participants was between 18 and 80 years with a mean age of 51.94 years±17.41. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. The relationship between tinnitus and associated hearing loss was statistically significant with modera...
Savannah Journal of Medical Research and Practice
Nigerian Medical Journal
Background: Sinonasal tumor is an uncommon tumor in Nigeria, but the burden of the disease in ter... more Background: Sinonasal tumor is an uncommon tumor in Nigeria, but the burden of the disease in terms of morbidity and mortality is on the increase. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pattern of presentation and outcome of sinonasal tumor in our center. Methodology: This was a retrospective review of all the patients with sinonasal cancer seen in Ear, Nose, and Throat Department of the hospital between January 2008 and December 2013. The patients' biodata, clinical presentation, stage of the disease at presentation, identifiable risk factors, histopathological findings, and outcome were presented. Results: A total of 22 patients were diagnosed with sinonasal cancer out of 71 patients (31%) with head/neck cancers during the period of study. There were 12 males (54.5%) and 10 females (45.5%) with a mean age of 51 ± 2.1 years. Epistaxis, nasal blockage, and discharge were seen in all patients though 41% of patients presented first to the ophthalmologist due to proptosis. Identifiable risk factors were exposure to wood dust (29%) and petrochemical products in (11%). Most patients presented first at advanced stages of the disease (82%). Histologically, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (54.6%) followed by nonintestinal well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in 18.2% and plasmacytoma (9.1%). Chemoradiation was the mainstay of management in (38%) though 13.6% had total maxillectomy with postsurgical chemoradiation and 50.4% defaulted due to cost of management. Conclusion: Health education on early presentation and efforts at early detection of the disease are needed to achieve cure. Exposure to the identifiable risk factors should be reduced by protective measures. Easy access to radiotherapy at affordable price will surely improve the outcome of this disease.
Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among children, accounting for 75% of children... more Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among children, accounting for 75% of children hospitalized for trauma. Childhood TBI is a leading cause of death from trauma in the pediatric age group and the incidence is on the rise globally. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the etiology, management, and outcome of childhood TBI in our setting. Subjects and Methods: This is a retrospective study of all cases of childhood TBI. Relevant data extracted from case records were analyzed using a 2011 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; IBM, Armonk, New York) software for Windows, version 20. Results: A total of 168 children with TBI were studied. Of which, 109 (65%) were males and 59 (35%) were females (male/female ratio of 13:7, mean age, 7 ± 4 years). Most of the injuries (138, 82%) occurred outdoor; road traffic crash and fall accounted for 101 (60.1%) and 47 (27.9%) cases, respectively. Pedestrian motor vehicular accident accounted for 41 (41.8%) cases, whereas 30 (30.6%) were due to motorcycle road traffic crash. Good recovery was recorded in 138 (81%) patients, 22 (13.1%) had moderate disability. Mortality rate was 6%. Conclusion: Brain injury from trauma still constitutes a significant part of childhood morbidity and mortality in our setting; these deaths are avoidable in most cases. The outlook can be better if preventive efforts are geared toward domestic and road safety campaign.
Nigerian Journal of Plastic Surgery
Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is an infrequent complication of salvage total laryngectomy with ... more Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is an infrequent complication of salvage total laryngectomy with associated increased morbidity. Chemoradiation for advanced laryngeal cancer is associated with increased incidence of PCF. In this case report, we present the first successful repair of a major PCF with prior chemoradiation therapy after multiple attempts at repair of the fistula in our health-care service.
Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2015
Foreign body impaction in the aero digestive tract is a life-threatening emergency, particularly ... more Foreign body impaction in the aero digestive tract is a life-threatening emergency, particularly in the paediatric age group. Removal under general anaesthesia poses both surgical and anaesthetic challenges and this may rarely result in mortality. We report a case of a 4 year old boy with an unusual foreign body (FB) impacted in the laryngotracheal causing difficult intubation and precluding tracheostomy with attendant vasovagal reflex stimulation and cardiac arrest. Clinical presentation and radiological evaluation of the patient were highlighted with a review of pertinent literature. We conclude that dis-impacting a foreign body in the trachea could potentiate bradycardia and cardiac arrest; co-existing hypercarbia and/or sepsis increase the risk and worsen the prognosis.
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a serious health care concern worldwide due to its sub... more Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a serious health care concern worldwide due to its substantial financial and non-financial burden. The aim was to determine the socioeconomic challenges of CSOM in developing economy. Methods: It is a nine month prospective study of all patients with a diagnosis of CSOM seen at Kogi State Specialist Hospital in north-central Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information from patients/caregiver after an informed consent and ethical clearance obtained from relevant authorities. Information retrieved included socio-demographic data, site and duration of discharge, the financial cost of various stages of treatment and follow up. Result: Eighty-two new patients were seen during the study period aged 2-56 years with a mean age was 8.84 years, male:female ratio of 2.2:1. About 84.1% of the patients were from within the town. The average cost of consultation per visit was 150 NGN (US$1.00). The recorded cost of outpatient medical management with basic investigation was about 14,550.00 NGN (US$97) while those requiring rehabilitation was 85,100 NGN (US$567.3). The average cost of medication and
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Papers by HABEEB KAYODELE OMOKANYE