Papers by BERNARD UFUOMA ENAIBE
PubMed, Jun 30, 2017
This study was aimed at determining the effects of the unripe fruit of Musa paradisiaca on the te... more This study was aimed at determining the effects of the unripe fruit of Musa paradisiaca on the testis andtestosterone levels in male Wistar rats. The animals were grouped into three, comprising a control, and 2 treatment groupsadministered with different doses (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) daily of the fruit flour over 28 days. Histochemical evaluationof the testes was done using Haematoxylin and Eosin, Periodic acid Schiff's (PAS) and Feulgen staining techniques, whilethe serum and homogenised testicular tissue were evaluated for testosterone levels using Accu-Bind ELISA Kit. The testisof the treated groups showed more rapidly dividing cells and more population of sperm cells compared to the control group,and also showed more positivity for Feulgen staining and PAS reaction. Both serum and testicular testosterone levels werehowever reduced. Serum testosterone was significantly lowered in the animals given the low dose (0.67 ± 0.03 ng/ml),compared to those given high dose (0.85 ± 0.02 ng/ml) and the control animals (1.88 ± 0.15 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). Changes intesticular testosterone were not statistically significant. The study suggests that M. paradisiaca fruit has reproductiveenhancing potential when consumed moderately, but this benefit may not be related to testosterone levels.
International journal of health sciences, Jun 1, 2012
Objectives: This study investigated the adverse effects of excessive consumption of garlic on the... more Objectives: This study investigated the adverse effects of excessive consumption of garlic on the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) of adult male Wistar rats. Methodology: Sixteen (16) Wistar rats with average weight of 181.5 g were grouped into two: Control Group A which received distilled water, and Treatment Group B which received 1000 mg/kg/ml aqueous extract of garlic, orally for 28 weeks. The aqueous extraction of raw garlic was done to obtain a concentration of 1000 mg/kg/ml. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after the last day of administration, and tissues for histological studies were fixed in buffered formalin, while those for enzyme studies were homogenised, and appropriate biochemical kits used to study the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Results: The histological sections of the jejunum of animals that received the high dose of aqueous garlic extract revealed the presence of vacuolations, cell death and loss of epithelium, and intact muscle layer; the Periodic-Acid Schiff (PAS) positivity also reduced, while the ileum also showed degeneration of the brush borders, loss of epithelial cells, reduction in the number of goblet cells, vacuolations, and a reduced intensity of PAS positivity. Activities of ACP, ALP and LDH in the jejunum and ileum were increased. Conclusion: Consumption of excessive amount of garlic could cause structural changes to the intestinal tract, which are capable of affecting intestinal functions, such as decrease in glycogen activity in the small intestine, and impairment of the absorptive activities.
Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 2013
because of its serious social implications. Infertility has social, economic and personal effects... more because of its serious social implications. Infertility has social, economic and personal effects, which go beyond childlessness, and women bear the major brunt of the burden. 8 It is a major cause of marital disharmony and separation, and personal misery in some other population groups. The highest prevalence is in low resource countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. 8 Male infertility can be caused by poor penile erection, abnormal sperm quality and volume, abnormal ejaculation, among other causes. Researches into natural diets like plantain showed that its consumption by men could enhance some reproductive functions, and also alleviate certain reproductive dysfunctions. The aim of the current study, therefore, is to determine the effects of consumption of mature green plantain fruits on semen quality in normal adult Wistar rats. The study was carried out in conformity with the rules and guidelines of the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Ilorin. Eighteen (18) adult male Wistar rats of average weight of 200 g were obtained and maintained in the Animal House of the College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin. The animals were kept at normal room temperature and food and water made available ad libitum. They were grouped into three, each group having six Wistar rats.
International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences, 2021
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate the biochemical and ultrastructural effects of... more BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate the biochemical and ultrastructural effects of kolaviron (Kv) on the hippocampus of fetal Wistar rats exposed to aluminum chloride (AlCl3) toxicity in utero. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty female Wistar rats were selected at random and mated. Following confirmation of mating, pregnant rats were assigned into five groups (n = 5). Controls: Group A received distilled water; Group B: 0.6 ml of corn oil; Group C: 200 mg/kg of Kv; Group D: 100 mg/kg of AlCl3 and Group E 100 mg/kg of AlCl3 and 200 mg/kg of Kv. Administration was done from days 8-10 and 15-17 of gestation during the 2nd and 3rd weeks respectively. Biochemical analyses were investigated to assess oxidative stress levels, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examined ultrastructural changes. Pregnant animals were sacrificed on day 20 of gestation; fetuses, their brains, and hippocampi were excised, respectively. Hippocampal tissues of fetuses were homogenized in 0.25 M of sucrose solution for biochemical assay while some were fixed in 2.5% phosphate-buffered saline-based glutaraldehyde for TEM. RESULTS: Elevated levels of Al, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and interleukin 6 were observed in the hippocampi of fetuses whose mothers received AlCl3. TEM revealed loss of nuclear membrane and increased condensation of chromatin materials in the same group. However, significant reduction of these enzymes including improved ultrastructural alterations were observed in the fetal hippocampus of the AlCl3 + Kv-treated group. CONCLUSION: This study showed that Kv significantly reduced neurodegenerative effects induced by AlCl3 in the hippocampii of fetal Wistar rats in utero probably owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Annals of Biomedical Sciences, Jan 30, 2008
Histological studies of the effect of oral administration of Damiana extract on the liver of matu... more Histological studies of the effect of oral administration of Damiana extract on the liver of mature wistar rats was carried out at the Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Kwara State between December 2002 and July 2003. This study involved the oral administration of 0.52mg Damiana extract daily on various days. The experimental animals were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C, D) of five each with the D as control. The rats in group A received 0.52mg in 1ml of Damiana extract for a day, those in group B 0.52mg Damiana extract in 1ml daily for a period of five days, while those in group C got 0.52mg/ml Damiana for ten days. The animals were sacrificed at the end of each experiment and the liver sections were obtained for routine histological investigation. Histological changes observed in the liver sections included dilatation of the central veins, cyto-architectural distortions of the hepatocytes, vacuolations, sparse and scattered sinusoids in the treated liver sections. Our results suggest that the liver functions could also have been adversely affected due to the distortion of the cyto-architecture and sparse and scattered sinusoid of the liver. It is recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating these observations be carried out. Keywords : Damiana, Histological effect, Liver, Wistar rats. Annals of Biomedical Science Vol. 2 (2) 2003: pp. 99-106
International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, Jun 15, 2011
Basic and clinical neuroscience, Nov 1, 2021
Prenatal exposure to Marijuana (MJN) has been associated with various brain deficits. The main ac... more Prenatal exposure to Marijuana (MJN) has been associated with various brain deficits. The main activity in marijuana, Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), crosses the placenta and affects fetal brain development. Despite this, marijuana remains a commonly abused substance among pregnant women. The current study examined the histological and biochemical changes in the Superior Colliculus (SC) and Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) in rat brains prenatally exposed to marijuana. Methods: Four groups of pregnant rats (n=5 rats/group) were exposed to the smoke of 10 g/ kg marijuana at various days during their gestational period, with a group (control), i.e., not exposed. After parturition, the litters from each group were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on postnatal days 7, 14, and 21; the superior colliculi and lateral geniculate nuclei were excised. Tissue sections were prepared for histological studies using Haematoxylin and Eosin stains. Biochemical studies were performed on alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity levels. The histological and biochemical analyses of tissues were performed. Results: Prenatal exposure to marijuana resulted in spontaneous abortion and affected neuronal morphology in the SC and LGN of the progeny. Furthermore, the levels of enzyme activities were altered following maternal exposure to MJN. Conclusion: These data suggested that histological changes in the SC and LGN were associated with oxidative damage.
About 90% of all diabetes is type 2, wherein the body can produce the insulin needed, but cells d... more About 90% of all diabetes is type 2, wherein the body can produce the insulin needed, but cells do not respond to it. In this study we investigated the possibility that Allium cepa (a very cheap and readily available species of the genus Allium) has healing/beneficial effects on type 2 diabetics. Twenty acclimatized adult rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of five rabbits each. Three of the groups were made diabetic (with single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan), and two of the three groups were administered graded doses of Allium cepa extract. The results reveal that Allium cepa has renal protective effects in diabetic rabbits. This study concludes that Allium cepa contains some bioactive substances (mostly antioxidants) which could prevent renal organ damage from hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. Directions for further studies are also suggested
Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy
Background: Structural and functional alterations in cortical anatomy by environmental stressors ... more Background: Structural and functional alterations in cortical anatomy by environmental stressors are associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Many of these changes are supposed to fore start disease onset and result from environmental exposures. It was previously demonstrated that black mustard extract had a significant impact on the structural and functional integrity of the prefrontal cortex in our previous study. Aim and Objectives: To report effects of the aqueous extract of Brassica nigra (BN) black mustard seeds on the cerebellum of adult Wistar rats at varying doses. Materials and Methods: Twenty adult female rats weighing an average of 180 ± 20g were used. They were split into 4 groups (n = 5) and received administration orally; Group A (received extract at 200 mg/kg body weight), Group B (received extract at 100 mg/kg body weight), Group C (received extract at 50 mg/kg body weight), and Group D (received distilled water ad libitum). Rats from the experimental gro...
NIgerian Journal of Neuroscience, 2020
Cuprizone neurotoxicity is commonly induced to mimic demyelinating disorders of the central nervo... more Cuprizone neurotoxicity is commonly induced to mimic demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system, especially multiple sclerosis. This study assessed the role of kolaviron, a Garcinia kola biflavonoid, in restoring behavioural functions in cuprizone-induced neurotoxicity after termination of cuprizone treatment. Eighteen adult male Swiss albino mice aged between 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into 3 equal groups (A to C). Group A (control) mice were fed with normal rodent diet while groups B and C received 0.2% cuprizone diet for 5 weeks to induce demyelination; thereafter group B mice with cuprizone-induced demyelination were administered corn oil (0.5 mL), while group C mice with cuprizone-induced demyelination were administered kolaviron (200 mg/kg/d) for 14 days. The mice were assessed for learning, memory, anxiety and exploratory drive, and thereafter the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GP...
Heliyon, 2019
Cuprizone-induced neurotoxicity has been employed to study the biology of remyelination in experi... more Cuprizone-induced neurotoxicity has been employed to study the biology of remyelination in experimental models of multiple sclerosis. This study was aimed at determining the role of kolaviron, a biflavonoid from Garcinia kola, in mitigating the damaging effects of cuprizone on behaviour and the hippocampus. Twenty-four male albino mice aged 6-8 weeks were categorised into 4 equal groups: Group A (Control) received regular diet; Group B received 200 mg/kg/d of kolaviron in addition to their regular diet; Group C received 0.2% cuprizone diet only, while Group D received both kolaviron and cuprizone diet. The treatment lasted for 35 days after which behavioural tests (Morris water maze, Y maze and open field tests) were conducted and brain tissues were processed for histology, histochemistry (Nissl staining), immunohistochemistry (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and biochemistry (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase). Results showed that cuprizone toxicity led to weight loss, impairment in memory and exploratory drive, oxidative stress, chromatolysis and reactive astrocytosis; meanwhile administration of kolaviron prevented cuprizone-induced weight loss, memory decline, oxidative stress and neuromorphological alterations. In conclusion, administration of kolaviron might be useful in limiting the effects of cuprizone toxicity on the morphology and functions of the hippocampus.
International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 2017
Background: The medicinal values of Allium sativum has been extensively described in a number of ... more Background: The medicinal values of Allium sativum has been extensively described in a number of studies. Additionally, it has shown antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of microorganism; bacteria, fungi and parasites. The widespread benefit of garlic for its medicinal properties has resulted in its increased usage thus justifying the need to study the potential toxicity of garlic extracts on vital organs of the body. The present study aims to evaluate the toxicity profile of garlic extract in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty five male rats of Wistar strains were randomly grouped into seven (A-G) of five animals each. Animals in the control group received 1ml of physiological saline intraperitoneally for 38 days. Group A (5 mice) were given 250 mg/kg of garlic extract daily. Group B (5 mice) received 300 mg/kg of garlic extract daily, Group C (5 mice) received 350 mg/kg of garlic Original Research Article
Journal of Biological Sciences, 2007
Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2013
Tobacco smoking has been linked to many preventable diseases affecting various organs and systems... more Tobacco smoking has been linked to many preventable diseases affecting various organs and systems of the body, including the brain. The current study was conducted to demonstrate the histological changes observable in the cerebral cortex of young Wistar rats exposed to nicotine during gestation. Vaginal smearing was conducted for the female Wistar rats to determine their oestrous cycle, after which they were exposed to male rats overnight, for mating. Pregnancy was confirmed and the pregnant rats were divided into 3 groups based on the 3 trimesters (A, B, C), with each group having a control and a treated subgroup. The Control Groups (A1, B1, C1) were given 0.1 ml of normal saline i. p., while the Treated Groups (A2, B2, C2) received 0.06 mg/kg/0.1 ml of nicotine intra-peritoneally. Treatment was for a period of 6 days only within each trimester for all subgroups. The pregnant animals were allowed to litter, and at postnatal day 35 they were sacrificed. The skull was dissected to ex...
The Internet Journal of Pharmacology, 2009
... Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University... more ... Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin. Ademola E. Caxton-Martins Ph.D ... certain active transport systems may be lacking (Makanya et al, 1997), digestive enzyme distributions are extensive (Ogunbiyi and Okon ...
African Journal of …, 2000
The effect of chronic consumption of cow's urine concoction (CUC) and the role of tobacco leaves ... more The effect of chronic consumption of cow's urine concoction (CUC) and the role of tobacco leaves was studied on the gastric mucosa of Albino rats. The rats were in four groups. Three formulations were used; A full formulation of CUC (CUC-F) was prepared as directed by a herbalist; a modified formulation without tobacco leaves (CUC-NT) and a third formulation (CUC-T) has only tobacco leaves soaked in cow's urine. These formulations were given to three separate groups of rats for a period of four weeks. The fourth group of rats were given ordinary water and normal diet as the control. The weight of the rats were monitored over the four week period. The histology of the mucosa were analysed after staining with haematoxylin and eosin dyes. Compared with the control the pyloric pits in animals administered with CUC-F showed moderate disruption with sloughing of the epithelial lining. In CUC-NT fed group, the pyloric pits showed mild disruption while in group fed with CUC-T, The pits were severely disrupted. In addition, the pyloric glands in group fed with CUC-F showed 50% reduction in glandular tissue while CUC-T fed group showed 80% reduction but the pyloric glands in group fed with CUC-NT were not reduced. Furthermore, the lamina propria showed 90% tissue loss in group fed with CUC-F, 100% in CUC-T fed group and 10% in CUC-NT group. The tissue loss were also associated with significant pseudopit formation. The results also showed changes in the staining characteristics and growth retardation in all the three groups exposed to the formulations.
Research Square (Research Square), Jan 24, 2023
Background: Early experiences at critical milestones signi cantly impact neurocognitive outcomes ... more Background: Early experiences at critical milestones signi cantly impact neurocognitive outcomes by altering brain development. Such issues can affect children's academic achievement, disturb their behaviour, lower their quality of life, and raise their risk of derangement in adulthood. These problems are linked to many possible neurotoxicants, including high ambient manganese (Mn) exposure. Walnuts possess high levels of ω-3 fatty acids and a high content of potent phytochemicals, all of which play an essential role in brain health. This present study explored the ability of a maternal walnut-enriched diet (WED) to protect against MnCl 2-induced developmental neurotoxicity in utero vis-à-vis early postnatal stages in rats. Dams were exposed to diet and Mn treatment during gestation and/or preweaning periods. At the onset of adolescence (~postnatal day 28), offspring of dams were examined on the Y-maze and elevated-plus maze to evaluate working memory and anxiety levels. After euthanasia, cortical and hippocampal tissues were harvested for subsequent analyses by histology, histochemistry, PCR, and spectrophotometry methods. All data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Signi cance was set at p<0.05. Results: Offspring of dams treated with MnCl 2 exhibited a signi cant reduction in working memory and a loss of emotional stability, which was restored by WED; Mn aberrations in histomorphology of the PFC and hippocampus were abated by WED; dysregulation in gene expression of DNMT3A, H2Ax, BDNF, and OPA1 was prevented by developmental WED; upregulated levels of pro-in ammatory cytokines which correlated with MnCl 2 exposure was signi cantly reduced by walnut supplementation and; nally, accompanied perturbation of the cholinergic system (AChE) by MnCl 2 was signi cantly counteracted by WED. Conclusion: Our data suggest that WED intervened and forestalled de cits in behaviour, structural alterations, and functional dysregulation arising from manganese neurotoxicity in developing rats.
Anatomy journal of Africa, 2019
This study investigated the effect of the crude aqueous extract of Brassica nigra (Black Mustard ... more This study investigated the effect of the crude aqueous extract of Brassica nigra (Black Mustard Seeds) in gestation and on the prefrontal cortex of newborn Wistar rats at different doses following prenatal administration. Eighteen (18) adult female rats weighing an average of 180±10g were used. The female rats were split into 3 groups of six animals; Group A received distilled water throughout gestation, Group B received 200 mg/kg body weight of extract throughout gestation, and Group C received 100 mg/kg body weight of extract throughout gestation). Rat pups from the experimental groups were sacrificed on postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 and subsequently prepared through routine histological and histochemical procedures. Brassica nigra was abortifacient at 200 mg/kg body weight and reduced litter size at 100 mg/kg body weight. No observed physical deformities in pups of treated groups. Comparative prefrontal microarchitecture revealed little to no alteration in the treated ...
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Papers by BERNARD UFUOMA ENAIBE