Papers by Emanuela Campisi
Interesting paper with the goal of critically analyzing the notion of communicative effort. The p... more Interesting paper with the goal of critically analyzing the notion of communicative effort. The paper has two parts: a theoretical one, analyzing the definition (or rather the lack of definition) of the concept, and an experimental one, testing self-reports of communicative effort in a framework putting together effort, topic knowledge, communication skills and confort. The theoretical part, even if only takes into account a slice of the literature dealing to some extent with effort, is a very good example of analytic exercise, sometime missing in experimental research, using notions which seems intuitive just because they are familiar, and not because they have been objectively defined. The experimental part is also interesting, even if I find the description of the procedure difficult to follow, and even if it would have been useful to have more information about the material used for the experiment (what is exactly a communicative encounter here, and how is it structured?).
Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio, 2022
One of the challenges in dealing with hate speech is identifying efficient strategies to fight it... more One of the challenges in dealing with hate speech is identifying efficient strategies to fight it. Among these strategies, Langton (2018) lists blocking, that is the public exposure of the falsehood, the fallacies and the presuppositions of the hate speech act. However, even if blocking is indeed useful, it is not always possible, and not only, as Langton explains, because addressees could not have the ability to promptly react. In fact, blocking a hate speech act could be impossible for at least three reasons: 1. non-propositional contents (i.e. metaphors) could make difficult to make the implicit explicit; 2. the strong emotions at stake could compromise the efficacy of blocking; 3. perpetrators of the hate speech act could not be aware of the underlying ideological assumptions of what they are saying. Using language to fight hatred is possible, then, but only in a broader scenario in which appropriate pragmatic competences are developed, in order to change an individual act of opposition into a rational and prolonged dialogue.
Speakers adapt their speech and gestures in various ways for their audience. We investigated furt... more Speakers adapt their speech and gestures in various ways for their audience. We investigated further whether they use ostensive signals (eye gaze, ostensive speech (e.g. like this, this) or a combination of both) in relation to their gestures when talking to different addressees, i.e., to another adult or a child in a multimodal demonstration task. While adults used more eye gaze towards their gestures with other adults than with children, they were more likely to use combined ostensive signals for children than for adults. Thus speakers mark the communicative relevance of their gestures with different types of ostensive signals and by taking different types of addressees into account.
The goal of this paper is to analyse the notions of common ground and recipient design , accordin... more The goal of this paper is to analyse the notions of common ground and recipient design , according to which participants in face-to-face conversations adapt their messages to the particular addressee they are facing, based on the knowledge they share (CLARK 1996). These notions are nowadays considered a fundamental principle of communicative interaction; however, when we move from a normative dimension to what actually happens in spontaneous conversations, it is difficult to decide what this means. In fact, experimental data concerning not only speech, but also gestures, show opposite results and have been interpreted as evidence that often speakers do not take common ground into account (HORTON & KEYSAR 1996). However, one may wonder whether these results can be really considered as evidence in favour or against recipient design, or rather they suggest the need to better clarify the notion itself. After reviewing the most influent literature on the topic, I will suggest that the ad...
S | WORKSHOP | MARCH 30-31, 2017 | LUND UNIVERSITY 2 CONNECTING DISCOURSE IN SPEECH AND GESTURE S... more S | WORKSHOP | MARCH 30-31, 2017 | LUND UNIVERSITY 2 CONNECTING DISCOURSE IN SPEECH AND GESTURE STUDYING THE PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF SPEAKER GESTURES: HISTORICAL NOTES AND CURRENT UNDERSTANDINGS Adam Kendon University College London, UK Why, until recently, in modern gesture studies, the pragmatic functions of gestures received relatively little attention with some suggestions for a framework for a contemporary understanding. COHESION IS HEARD AND SEEN: CROSS-LINGUISTIC DIFFERENCES IN GESTURES REFERRING TO THE SAME ENTITIES IN SUSTAINED DISCOURSE Emanuela Campisi1,2 & Marianne Gullberg1,3 1, Lund University Humanities Lab & University of Catania, Italy; 3 Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University For communication to be successful, speakers must refer to entities coherently across discourse, differentiating between referents introduced for the first time, maintained across longer stretches, and reintroduced after a gap (Givón, 1983; Hickmann & Hendriks, 1999). Interestingl...
Tears have a specific content in salts, hormones, water and antibodies. This has been showed by r... more Tears have a specific content in salts, hormones, water and antibodies. This has been showed by recent researches, that also proposed hypotheses on their utility for humans, the only mammals that produce tears for psychological purposes. Tears have been supposed to be less
There is given a short overview of the monograph "Aggregation Functions"
Journal of Pragmatics, 2013
Humans are the only species that uses communication to teach new knowledge to novices, usually to... more Humans are the only species that uses communication to teach new knowledge to novices, usually to children (Tomasello, 1999; Csibra and Gergely, 2006). This context of communication can employ ''demonstrations'' and it takes place with or without the help of objects (Clark, 1996). Previous research has focused on understanding the nature of demonstrations for very young children and with objects involved. However, little is known about the strategies used in demonstrating an action to an older child in comparison to another adult and without the use of objects, i.e., with gestures only. We tested if during demonstration of an action speakers use different degrees of iconicity in gestures for a child compared to an adult. 18 Italian subjects described to a camera how to make coffee imagining the listener as a 12-year-old child, a novice or an expert adult. While speech was found more informative both for the novice adult and for the child compared to the expert adult, the rate of iconic gestures increased and they were more informative and bigger only for the child compared to both of the adult conditions. Iconicity in gestures can be a powerful communicative strategy in teaching new knowledge to children in demonstrations and this is in line with claims that it can be used as a scaffolding device in grounding knowledge in experience (Perniss et al., 2010).
pubman.mpdl.mpg.de
Abstract: Grice in pragmatics and Levelt in psycholinguistics have proposed models of human commu... more Abstract: Grice in pragmatics and Levelt in psycholinguistics have proposed models of human communication where the starting point of communicative action is an individual intention. This assumption, though, has to face serious objections with regard to the alleged existence of ...
Philosophical Psychology, 2013
Is human behavior, and more specifically linguistic behavior, intentional? Some scholars have pro... more Is human behavior, and more specifically linguistic behavior, intentional? Some scholars have proposed that action is driven in a top-down manner by one single intention-i.e., one single conscious goal. Others have argued that actions are mostly non-intentional, insofar as often the single goal driving an action is not consciously represented. We intend to claim that both alternatives are unsatisfactory; more specifically, we claim that actions are intentional, but intentionality is distributed across complex goal-directed representations of action, rather than concentrated in single intentions driving action in a top-down manner. These complex representations encompass a multiplicity of goals, together with other components which are not goals themselves, and are the result of a largely automatic dynamic of activation; such an automatic processing, however, does not preclude the involvement of conscious attention, shifting from one component to the other of the overall goal-directed representation.
Riassunto: Le immagini mentali sono parte delle intenzioni comunicative veicolate negli scambi ve... more Riassunto: Le immagini mentali sono parte delle intenzioni comunicative veicolate negli scambi verbali, e dunque del significato inteso dal parlante (Grice)? Questioni simili sono state dibattute con riferimento al paradigma dell’ embodiment . Qui intendiamo muoverci su un terreno differente: il dominio dei gesti, con particolare riferimento a quelli rappresentativi, caratterizzati dallo stretto rapporto con le rappresentazioni senso-motorie delle azioni. La linea argomentativa sara dunque bipartita. Innanzitutto, intendiamo mostrare che i gesti contribuiscono a determinare l’intenzione comunicativa, come e evidente in casi nei quali il parlante si impegna in modo manifesto a renderli salienti – ma qui sara anche importante l’osservazione che l’intenzione comunicativa non va identificata con una preliminare pianificazione cosciente. In secondo luogo, argomenteremo che il contributo dei gesti all’intenzione comunicativa e genuinamente imagistic , non proposizionale. In particolare, e...
Fare linguistica applicata con le digital humanities. Studi AItLA 14, 2022
Siculorum Gymnasium. A Journal for the Humanities, 2019
Il presente volume non ha fini di lucro, ma ha come scopo la divulgazione di ricerche scientifich... more Il presente volume non ha fini di lucro, ma ha come scopo la divulgazione di ricerche scientifiche prodotte in ambito accademico. Le immagini contenute in questo numero, corredate dei nomi degli autori e delle fonti da cui sono tratte, rientrano nella finalità della rivista; pertanto per l'utilizzo e la diffusione di questi materiali valgono i termini previsti dalle singole licenze o, in assenza di licenze specifiche, si applica quanto previsto dalla Lda n. 633/41 e succ. mod.
Vita Pensata, 2019
VITA 19 la filosofia come vita pensata pensata Rivista di filosofia «L'uomo che ha gustato una vo... more VITA 19 la filosofia come vita pensata pensata Rivista di filosofia «L'uomo che ha gustato una volta i frutti della filosofia, che ha imparato a conoscere i suoi sistemi, e che allora, immancabilmente, li ha ammirati come i beni più alti della cultura, non può più rinunciare alla filosofia e al filosofare» Edmund Husserl, La crisi delle scienze europee e la fenomenologia trascendentale (1936) TEMI Daria Baglieri La memoria come risorsa ermeneutica: ricordo, obLio e senso deL vissuto 5 DaviDe Bennato né naturaLe né artificiaLe ma tecnoLogica e cooperativa. L'inteLLigenza coLLettiva come processo sociotecnico. 11 alBerto giovanni Biuso La fenomenoLogia come ontoLogia deL tempo 17 emanuela Campisi merLeau-ponty e iL senso incarnato: una terapia fenomenoLogica per Le scienze deL Linguaggio contemporanee 24 marCo mazzone L'arte di esitare. daLL'inteLLigenza aLLa razionaLità 30 enriCo monCaDo Heidegger e La fenomenoLogia. tre variazioni suL tema 36 ivana ranDazzo HeLmutH pLessner: sensi e inteLLigenza per orientarsi neL mondo 42 massimo vittorio La pragmatica deweyana deLL'inteLLigenza 47 RECENSIONI enriCo palma proust e i segni 54 alBerto giovanni Biuso La metafisica neL pensiero di Heidegger 58 giusy ranDazzo È da Lì cHe viene La Luce 60 VISIONI alBerto giovanni Biuso Les misérabLes 64 silvia Ciappina de cHirico e i voLti deLLa metafisica ES 70 alBerto giovanni Biuso euripide a siracusa 75 giusy ranDazzo impoeticamente corretto 79 SCRITTURA CREATIVA Cateno tempio maLpensa 84 indice rivista Di filosofia on line Registrata presso il Tribunale di Milano N° 378 del 23/06/2010
RIFL (Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio)
The goal of this paper is to analyse the notions of common ground and recipient design, according... more The goal of this paper is to analyse the notions of common ground and recipient design, according to which participants in face-to-face conversations adapt their messages to the particular addressee they are facing, based on the knowledge they share (CLARK 1996). These notions are nowadays considered a fundamental principle of communicative interaction; however, when we move from a normative dimension to what actually happens in spontaneous conversations, it is difficult to decide what this means. In fact, experimental data concerning not only speech, but also gestures, show opposite results and have been interpreted as evidence that often speakers do not take common ground into account (HORTON & KEYSAR 1996). However, one may wonder whether these results can be really considered as evidence in favour or against recipient design, or rather they suggest the need to better clarify the notion itself. After reviewing the most influent literature on the topic, I will suggest that the adaptation to the addressee is not a monolithic phenomenon, but a complex network of multimodal strategies, which can differ according to the context of interaction and, therefore, is still in need of further investigation.
After Grice's claim that intention has a key role in determining meaning, communication has been ... more After Grice's claim that intention has a key role in determining meaning, communication has been often viewed as an intentional activity. However, problems arise when scholars place this claim within a model of how intentions guide language production, since the available models differ widely as to the way in which intentionality can be reconciled with the automaticity present in dialogue. This is true also for other communicative means such as co-speech gestures, communicatively intended and yet largely automatic movements accompanying speech. This paper will review the main theories about the role of intentionality in gesture production and comprehension, and it will discuss their prevailing assumptions that utterances are consciously planned in advance, and that intentionality is a purely highlevel mechanism. In contrast, we outline a model in which intentional planning -in speech, gesture and action -is largely based on low-level mechanisms at the core of the complexity of human interactions.
Is human behavior, and more specifically linguistic behavior, intentional? Some scholars have pro... more Is human behavior, and more specifically linguistic behavior, intentional? Some scholars have proposed that action is driven in a top-down manner by one single intention–i.e., one single conscious goal. Others have argued that actions are mostly non-intentional, insofar as often the single goal driving an action is not consciously represented. We intend to claim that both alternatives are unsatisfactory; more specifically, we claim that actions are intentional, but intentionality is distributed across complex goal-directed representations of action, rather than concentrated in single intentions driving action in a top-down manner. These complex representations encompass a multiplicity of goals, together with other components which are not goals themselves, and are the result of a largely automatic dynamic of activation; such an automatic processing, however, does not preclude the involvement of conscious attention, shifting from one component to the other of the overall goal-directed representation.
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Papers by Emanuela Campisi
27 JAN 2017, start 10:30 a.m., at Room A9 ex-Monastero dei Benedettini (Piazza Dante 32, Catania)
esotico o curiosità aneddotiche. Il volume fornisce un’introduzione all’argomento agile e allo stesso tempo dettagliata, per andare oltre gli stereotipi sui gesti e per aiutare chiunque voglia accostarsi all’argomento
in modo scientifico.