The objective of this article is to show that fishing companies in France that have succeeded in ... more The objective of this article is to show that fishing companies in France that have succeeded in demonstrating resilience in a context of crisis retain economic and territorial characteristics making them still vulnerable to a new external shock (overexploitation of the resource, for example). Basing our research on resilience theory, we present the adaptive capacity of fishing companies through strong social organization, then their current weaknesses. The econometric model will highlight the explanatory factors of economic dependence by distinguishing fishing companies of three main regions: Brittany, Normandy and the Basque Country. Results make it possible to perceive the interest for each organization to maintain its economic trajectory or to modify it by developing new territorial diversification strategies.
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Unfortunately, in the original article, some of the figures from table 2 is not updated. The corr... more Unfortunately, in the original article, some of the figures from table 2 is not updated. The corrections are given below: (1) Replace 2376*** in the column OLS of Model 5 by 2.376*** (2) Please, in the line of F-Value (Leung test 2), Replace 2369*** by 2.369***; 2542*** by 2.542***; 2597*** by 2.597***; 3131*** by 3.131***; 3131*** by 3.131*** The original article is now corrected.
Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Dec 19, 2017
The purpose of this article is to establish a typology of entrepreneurship for OECD countries ove... more The purpose of this article is to establish a typology of entrepreneurship for OECD countries over the 1999-2012 period. Our aim is to draw a distinction between managerial and entrepreneurial economies, to identify groups of countries with similar economic and entrepreneurial activity variables, and to determine the economic and institutional drivers of entrepreneurial activities in each group. We show that the level of development, sectoral specialization, and institutional variables related to entrepreneurship, functioning of the labor market and openness of the country are decisive to understand differences in entrepreneurship activity across countries. Results show that the pre-crisis period, from 1999 to 2008, is a period of growth favorable to entrepreneurship. The financial crisis involved a break in entrepreneurial dynamism, with agricultural economies withstanding the financial crisis better. The 2010-2012 period of recovery is a period of a sharp slowdown in entrepreneurial activity, during which the countries that are less dependent on the financial sector proved to be the most resilient in terms of entrepreneurial activity. Nevertheless, it is the advanced knowledge economies with developed financial markets, fewer institutional regulatory constraints, and greater scope for qualitative entrepreneurship that show lower unemployment rates. These findings have important implications for the implementation of public policy in order to promote entrepreneurial activity and reduce unemployment. Résumé : L'objectif de cet article est d'élaborer une typologie des activités entrepreneuriales des pays de l'OCDE durant la période 1999-2012. Notre intention est d'établir une distinction entre les économies managériales et entrepreneuriales, d'identifier des groupes de pays ayant des comportements économiques et entrepreneuriaux similaires et d'identifier les déterminants économiques et institutionnels des activités entrepreneuriales dans chaque groupe. Nous montrons que le niveau de développement, la spécialisation sectorielle ainsi que les variables institutionnelles liées à l'entrepreneuriat, au fonctionnement du marché du travail et à l'ouverture du pays sont déterminants pour appréhender les différences nationales en matière d'activité entrepreneuriale. Les résultats BLIND Manuscript-without author contact information Click here to view linked References
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2014
rticle on line rticle on line 2014-N°4-pp. 643-675 Revue d'Économie Régionale & Urbaine 643 Cycle... more rticle on line rticle on line 2014-N°4-pp. 643-675 Revue d'Économie Régionale & Urbaine 643 Cycle économique et comportement entrepreneurial Résumé Dans cet article, nous étudions les liens existants entre les créations d'entreprises, le PIB et le taux de chômage en France à partir de données régionales sur la période 1993-2011. Les interactions sont analysées tant à court terme qu'à long terme sous une double dimension : régionale et nationale. Les fluctuations du PIB représentent un indicateur avancé des créations de nouvelles entreprises au niveau national mais cet effet disparaît au niveau régional. Les créations d'entreprises et le taux de chômage se sont révélés étroitement liés aussi bien à court terme qu'à long terme et ont permis de mettre en évidence la présence des effets REFUGEE et SCHUMPETER. Dans la majorité des régions françaises l'effet REFUGEE domine à court terme : une augmentation du taux de chômage se traduit par une augmentation du nombre des créations d'entreprises. En France, les créations d'entreprises sont donc principalement impulsées par des motifs de nécessité.
The aim of this contribution is to establish a typology of European entrepreneurship countries wi... more The aim of this contribution is to establish a typology of European entrepreneurship countries with respect to variables related to entrepreneurial activity and economic development. Using a combination of multidimensional data analyses allows us to extend the concept of 'entrepreneurial regimes' and leads to the distinction of five such entrepreneurial regimes. Moreover, in order to better characterize these classes, a wide set of illustrative variables representative of national economic development, labour market functioning, and formal and informal institutional environments, as well as variables specific to the entrepreneurial population, are considered. Finally, discriminant analyses show that the five explanatory themes considered (Innovation, Employment, Formal Institutions, Entrepreneurship and Governance) differentiate the classes, and significantly explain the diversity of entrepreneurial regimes. These findings have important implications for the implementation of public policy, in order to promote entrepreneurial activity and reduce unemployment.
The purpose of this paper is to understand the determinants of women's entrepreneurship in th... more The purpose of this paper is to understand the determinants of women's entrepreneurship in the informal sector in Dakar (Senegal). It aims mainly at a better knowledge of women's involvement in economic activities through the informal sector. The paper does this in three ways: first, by defining the informal sector and the female entrepreneur through a literature review; second, by adapting theoretical models in entrepreneurship to the Senegalese informal sector and by defining the concept of entrepreneurial culture ; third, by making a discriminating factorial analysis and a barycentric analysis, based on primary data collected from 153 women in Dakar, to describe a woman’s belonging to a category of creation: creation in the formal or large informal sector, creation in the small informal sector and non-creation. The results show that the woman entrepreneurial activity from one sector to another depends on her human, social and cultural capital and confirm the importance of...
Although commercialization of research activities has drawn some research attention, more studies... more Although commercialization of research activities has drawn some research attention, more studies are warranted to clearly understand the drivers behind academic entrepreneurship. The present paper investigates the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and academic entrepreneurial preference. ADHD symptoms have typically been associated with impaired occupational functioning among wage employees. Recent studies, however, indicate that the same symptoms of ADHD that are a liability for wage employees may work out differently for entrepreneurs. Building on previous studies that link ADHD symptoms to entrepreneurship, and using the theoretical lens of person-environment fit, we hypothesize that ADHD symptoms (at the so-called subclinical level) are associated with academic entrepreneurial preference. Results of our data from academic researchers in France, Spain, and Italy (N = 534) show that there is a negative association between attention-deficit symptoms and academic entrepreneurial preference. However, there is no link between hyperactivity symptoms and academic entrepreneurial preference.
Using an unbalanced panel of some 36,500 French startup firms and 11,600 closures over the period... more Using an unbalanced panel of some 36,500 French startup firms and 11,600 closures over the period 1994-2000 we test for a role of bank credit scoring in small business lending using an encompassing version (GEJ) of the seminal Evans-Jovanovic(1989) (EJ) model of credit constraints. In the GEJ model the bank’s estimate of the probabilty of individual company survival (business quality) is allowed to figure in the startup credit decision, alongside collateral. On the French data EJ is rejected in favour of GEJ. Thus we conclude with EJ that there is evidence of startup credit constraints via bank lending rules, but that this imperfection is ameliorated by the bank’s estimate of firm quality: better firms and entrepreneurs are more likely to get loans. Enrepreneurial human capital is also found (consistently with Cressy, 1996) to play a major role in the survival of startup businesses and hence in the chances of getting a loan. Consistent with other empirical work we also establish tha...
The digital entrepreneurship indicator (DEI), which combines individual and institutional data, i... more The digital entrepreneurship indicator (DEI), which combines individual and institutional data, is designed to chart the vitality of metropolitan areas in terms of digital entrepreneurship on a suburban scale. In this study, we apply it to the case of the Greater Paris Metropolitan area. Using geographically weighted regression, we explore the spatial heterogeneity of the effect of digital entrepreneurial ecosystems on the location quotient of information and communication technology firms with fewer than 10 employees. The results highlight a positive link between the DEI and the location quotient of small ICT firms. In particular, the aspects of both ATTitudes and CAPacities (i.e., urbanization economies, Human Development Index, density of incubators, accounting and financial services, and fiber optic coverage) appear to have a significant effect on a suburban scale.
Environmental issues have become a major concern for policymakers faced with the threat of global... more Environmental issues have become a major concern for policymakers faced with the threat of global warming. The European Climate Energy Package is an ambitious plan which drives the trajectories of European countries in three directions: reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the share of renewable energy and improving energy efficiency. This article is original in that it considers the three targets together using multidimensional data analysis methods, a methodology which makes it possible to propose temporal and spatial typologies for the energy transition of European countries over the period 2000-2019. Results show evidence of a gradual transition over three sub-periods towards a more environmentally conscious economy. Four distinct types of energy transition profiles are identified, highlighting the contrasting performances of EU Members in terms of energy transition. In particular, some economically more advanced countries, namely Germany, Ireland, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, are lagging in achieving their targets. Finally, discriminant analyses suggest that economic performance, trade performance, innovation system and policy mix design have been particularly effective in promoting energy transition over the period 2000-2019, while only innovation system helps to explain the contrasting results observed at country level over that time.
In a market economy, reward structures are more or less favorable to opportunity entrepreneurship... more In a market economy, reward structures are more or less favorable to opportunity entrepreneurship, which brings growth and jobs . Currently the small group of high-growth firms generates a large proportion of permanent jobs (Henrekson and Johansson, 2010; and new companies are widely represented . How to nurture these new companies with high-growth potential in France is a major issue that, we believe, is mainly based on a better functioning of the labor market, and the development of entrepreneurial education and ecosystems favorable to entrepreneurship.
The aim of this paper is to analyze entrepreneurial activity in OECD countries over the period 19... more The aim of this paper is to analyze entrepreneurial activity in OECD countries over the period 1999-2012 in order to make a distinction between economies that are more or less entrepreneurial. A combined use of multidimensional and evolutive data analysis methods is used with variables pertaining to entrepreneurial activity and growth. It allows us to distinguish several types of development. Furthermore, three main periods are found, before, during and after the crisis. The pre-crisis period, from 1999 to 2008, was a period of growth favorable to entrepreneurship while the sub-period 2010-2012 is less favorable. The effects of the financial crisis are noticeable after a delay in 2009. We show that in 2009, the agricultural economies have best withstood the financial crisis. Secondly, during the period 2010-2012 after the crisis, economies widely dependent on the financial sector were most impacted by the financial crisis. Because of the financial crisis, the entrepreneurial dynamics vary greatly across countries over the period 1999-2012, however we were able to establish common trajectories for a number of them.
The paper proposes an evaluation framework for empirically comparing the performance of French de... more The paper proposes an evaluation framework for empirically comparing the performance of French departments in terms of sustainable development. The concept of sustainability is apprehended from six dimensions: environment and natural resources, energy transition, sustainable mobility, economic dynamism, social cohesion and solidarity, and governance and citizenship. The focus on French departments allows for a more detailed analysis that promotes a better understanding of local characteristics and initiatives. Considering a wide range of variables, we build aggregate composite indexes for each dimension of sustainable development. We use cartographical support to compare the performances of the departments in each of the six dimensions as well as spatial autocorrelation techniques to account for spatial dependence. Finally, a cluster analysis is used to classify French departments and to explore similarities and dissimilarities with respect to the six components of the sustainable d...
An evaluation of the impact of an entrepreneur's human capital on her/his entrepre-neurial ab... more An evaluation of the impact of an entrepreneur's human capital on her/his entrepre-neurial ability is likely to suffer from a sample selection bias if performed on a sample of new entrepreneurs alone. Our theoretical model of entrepreneurial choice allows us to characterize this bias. It is shown to be positive (respectively negative) for individuals who were in a favorable (respectively adverse) situation in the labor market at the time at which they decided to become self-employed. Our empirical application measures the impact of the entrepreneur's education on the newly created firm's survival. It is found to be strong and significant for individuals who were previously employed in the new firm's branch of activity, whereas it is at best weakly significant for individuals who were previously unemployed or employed in a branch different from that of the new firm, so that they are more likely to have been poorly matched. These results suggest a very substantial samp...
The objective of this article is to show that fishing companies in France that have succeeded in ... more The objective of this article is to show that fishing companies in France that have succeeded in demonstrating resilience in a context of crisis retain economic and territorial characteristics making them still vulnerable to a new external shock (overexploitation of the resource, for example). Basing our research on resilience theory, we present the adaptive capacity of fishing companies through strong social organization, then their current weaknesses. The econometric model will highlight the explanatory factors of economic dependence by distinguishing fishing companies of three main regions: Brittany, Normandy and the Basque Country. Results make it possible to perceive the interest for each organization to maintain its economic trajectory or to modify it by developing new territorial diversification strategies.
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Unfortunately, in the original article, some of the figures from table 2 is not updated. The corr... more Unfortunately, in the original article, some of the figures from table 2 is not updated. The corrections are given below: (1) Replace 2376*** in the column OLS of Model 5 by 2.376*** (2) Please, in the line of F-Value (Leung test 2), Replace 2369*** by 2.369***; 2542*** by 2.542***; 2597*** by 2.597***; 3131*** by 3.131***; 3131*** by 3.131*** The original article is now corrected.
Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Dec 19, 2017
The purpose of this article is to establish a typology of entrepreneurship for OECD countries ove... more The purpose of this article is to establish a typology of entrepreneurship for OECD countries over the 1999-2012 period. Our aim is to draw a distinction between managerial and entrepreneurial economies, to identify groups of countries with similar economic and entrepreneurial activity variables, and to determine the economic and institutional drivers of entrepreneurial activities in each group. We show that the level of development, sectoral specialization, and institutional variables related to entrepreneurship, functioning of the labor market and openness of the country are decisive to understand differences in entrepreneurship activity across countries. Results show that the pre-crisis period, from 1999 to 2008, is a period of growth favorable to entrepreneurship. The financial crisis involved a break in entrepreneurial dynamism, with agricultural economies withstanding the financial crisis better. The 2010-2012 period of recovery is a period of a sharp slowdown in entrepreneurial activity, during which the countries that are less dependent on the financial sector proved to be the most resilient in terms of entrepreneurial activity. Nevertheless, it is the advanced knowledge economies with developed financial markets, fewer institutional regulatory constraints, and greater scope for qualitative entrepreneurship that show lower unemployment rates. These findings have important implications for the implementation of public policy in order to promote entrepreneurial activity and reduce unemployment. Résumé : L'objectif de cet article est d'élaborer une typologie des activités entrepreneuriales des pays de l'OCDE durant la période 1999-2012. Notre intention est d'établir une distinction entre les économies managériales et entrepreneuriales, d'identifier des groupes de pays ayant des comportements économiques et entrepreneuriaux similaires et d'identifier les déterminants économiques et institutionnels des activités entrepreneuriales dans chaque groupe. Nous montrons que le niveau de développement, la spécialisation sectorielle ainsi que les variables institutionnelles liées à l'entrepreneuriat, au fonctionnement du marché du travail et à l'ouverture du pays sont déterminants pour appréhender les différences nationales en matière d'activité entrepreneuriale. Les résultats BLIND Manuscript-without author contact information Click here to view linked References
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2014
rticle on line rticle on line 2014-N°4-pp. 643-675 Revue d'Économie Régionale & Urbaine 643 Cycle... more rticle on line rticle on line 2014-N°4-pp. 643-675 Revue d'Économie Régionale & Urbaine 643 Cycle économique et comportement entrepreneurial Résumé Dans cet article, nous étudions les liens existants entre les créations d'entreprises, le PIB et le taux de chômage en France à partir de données régionales sur la période 1993-2011. Les interactions sont analysées tant à court terme qu'à long terme sous une double dimension : régionale et nationale. Les fluctuations du PIB représentent un indicateur avancé des créations de nouvelles entreprises au niveau national mais cet effet disparaît au niveau régional. Les créations d'entreprises et le taux de chômage se sont révélés étroitement liés aussi bien à court terme qu'à long terme et ont permis de mettre en évidence la présence des effets REFUGEE et SCHUMPETER. Dans la majorité des régions françaises l'effet REFUGEE domine à court terme : une augmentation du taux de chômage se traduit par une augmentation du nombre des créations d'entreprises. En France, les créations d'entreprises sont donc principalement impulsées par des motifs de nécessité.
The aim of this contribution is to establish a typology of European entrepreneurship countries wi... more The aim of this contribution is to establish a typology of European entrepreneurship countries with respect to variables related to entrepreneurial activity and economic development. Using a combination of multidimensional data analyses allows us to extend the concept of 'entrepreneurial regimes' and leads to the distinction of five such entrepreneurial regimes. Moreover, in order to better characterize these classes, a wide set of illustrative variables representative of national economic development, labour market functioning, and formal and informal institutional environments, as well as variables specific to the entrepreneurial population, are considered. Finally, discriminant analyses show that the five explanatory themes considered (Innovation, Employment, Formal Institutions, Entrepreneurship and Governance) differentiate the classes, and significantly explain the diversity of entrepreneurial regimes. These findings have important implications for the implementation of public policy, in order to promote entrepreneurial activity and reduce unemployment.
The purpose of this paper is to understand the determinants of women's entrepreneurship in th... more The purpose of this paper is to understand the determinants of women's entrepreneurship in the informal sector in Dakar (Senegal). It aims mainly at a better knowledge of women's involvement in economic activities through the informal sector. The paper does this in three ways: first, by defining the informal sector and the female entrepreneur through a literature review; second, by adapting theoretical models in entrepreneurship to the Senegalese informal sector and by defining the concept of entrepreneurial culture ; third, by making a discriminating factorial analysis and a barycentric analysis, based on primary data collected from 153 women in Dakar, to describe a woman’s belonging to a category of creation: creation in the formal or large informal sector, creation in the small informal sector and non-creation. The results show that the woman entrepreneurial activity from one sector to another depends on her human, social and cultural capital and confirm the importance of...
Although commercialization of research activities has drawn some research attention, more studies... more Although commercialization of research activities has drawn some research attention, more studies are warranted to clearly understand the drivers behind academic entrepreneurship. The present paper investigates the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and academic entrepreneurial preference. ADHD symptoms have typically been associated with impaired occupational functioning among wage employees. Recent studies, however, indicate that the same symptoms of ADHD that are a liability for wage employees may work out differently for entrepreneurs. Building on previous studies that link ADHD symptoms to entrepreneurship, and using the theoretical lens of person-environment fit, we hypothesize that ADHD symptoms (at the so-called subclinical level) are associated with academic entrepreneurial preference. Results of our data from academic researchers in France, Spain, and Italy (N = 534) show that there is a negative association between attention-deficit symptoms and academic entrepreneurial preference. However, there is no link between hyperactivity symptoms and academic entrepreneurial preference.
Using an unbalanced panel of some 36,500 French startup firms and 11,600 closures over the period... more Using an unbalanced panel of some 36,500 French startup firms and 11,600 closures over the period 1994-2000 we test for a role of bank credit scoring in small business lending using an encompassing version (GEJ) of the seminal Evans-Jovanovic(1989) (EJ) model of credit constraints. In the GEJ model the bank’s estimate of the probabilty of individual company survival (business quality) is allowed to figure in the startup credit decision, alongside collateral. On the French data EJ is rejected in favour of GEJ. Thus we conclude with EJ that there is evidence of startup credit constraints via bank lending rules, but that this imperfection is ameliorated by the bank’s estimate of firm quality: better firms and entrepreneurs are more likely to get loans. Enrepreneurial human capital is also found (consistently with Cressy, 1996) to play a major role in the survival of startup businesses and hence in the chances of getting a loan. Consistent with other empirical work we also establish tha...
The digital entrepreneurship indicator (DEI), which combines individual and institutional data, i... more The digital entrepreneurship indicator (DEI), which combines individual and institutional data, is designed to chart the vitality of metropolitan areas in terms of digital entrepreneurship on a suburban scale. In this study, we apply it to the case of the Greater Paris Metropolitan area. Using geographically weighted regression, we explore the spatial heterogeneity of the effect of digital entrepreneurial ecosystems on the location quotient of information and communication technology firms with fewer than 10 employees. The results highlight a positive link between the DEI and the location quotient of small ICT firms. In particular, the aspects of both ATTitudes and CAPacities (i.e., urbanization economies, Human Development Index, density of incubators, accounting and financial services, and fiber optic coverage) appear to have a significant effect on a suburban scale.
Environmental issues have become a major concern for policymakers faced with the threat of global... more Environmental issues have become a major concern for policymakers faced with the threat of global warming. The European Climate Energy Package is an ambitious plan which drives the trajectories of European countries in three directions: reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the share of renewable energy and improving energy efficiency. This article is original in that it considers the three targets together using multidimensional data analysis methods, a methodology which makes it possible to propose temporal and spatial typologies for the energy transition of European countries over the period 2000-2019. Results show evidence of a gradual transition over three sub-periods towards a more environmentally conscious economy. Four distinct types of energy transition profiles are identified, highlighting the contrasting performances of EU Members in terms of energy transition. In particular, some economically more advanced countries, namely Germany, Ireland, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, are lagging in achieving their targets. Finally, discriminant analyses suggest that economic performance, trade performance, innovation system and policy mix design have been particularly effective in promoting energy transition over the period 2000-2019, while only innovation system helps to explain the contrasting results observed at country level over that time.
In a market economy, reward structures are more or less favorable to opportunity entrepreneurship... more In a market economy, reward structures are more or less favorable to opportunity entrepreneurship, which brings growth and jobs . Currently the small group of high-growth firms generates a large proportion of permanent jobs (Henrekson and Johansson, 2010; and new companies are widely represented . How to nurture these new companies with high-growth potential in France is a major issue that, we believe, is mainly based on a better functioning of the labor market, and the development of entrepreneurial education and ecosystems favorable to entrepreneurship.
The aim of this paper is to analyze entrepreneurial activity in OECD countries over the period 19... more The aim of this paper is to analyze entrepreneurial activity in OECD countries over the period 1999-2012 in order to make a distinction between economies that are more or less entrepreneurial. A combined use of multidimensional and evolutive data analysis methods is used with variables pertaining to entrepreneurial activity and growth. It allows us to distinguish several types of development. Furthermore, three main periods are found, before, during and after the crisis. The pre-crisis period, from 1999 to 2008, was a period of growth favorable to entrepreneurship while the sub-period 2010-2012 is less favorable. The effects of the financial crisis are noticeable after a delay in 2009. We show that in 2009, the agricultural economies have best withstood the financial crisis. Secondly, during the period 2010-2012 after the crisis, economies widely dependent on the financial sector were most impacted by the financial crisis. Because of the financial crisis, the entrepreneurial dynamics vary greatly across countries over the period 1999-2012, however we were able to establish common trajectories for a number of them.
The paper proposes an evaluation framework for empirically comparing the performance of French de... more The paper proposes an evaluation framework for empirically comparing the performance of French departments in terms of sustainable development. The concept of sustainability is apprehended from six dimensions: environment and natural resources, energy transition, sustainable mobility, economic dynamism, social cohesion and solidarity, and governance and citizenship. The focus on French departments allows for a more detailed analysis that promotes a better understanding of local characteristics and initiatives. Considering a wide range of variables, we build aggregate composite indexes for each dimension of sustainable development. We use cartographical support to compare the performances of the departments in each of the six dimensions as well as spatial autocorrelation techniques to account for spatial dependence. Finally, a cluster analysis is used to classify French departments and to explore similarities and dissimilarities with respect to the six components of the sustainable d...
An evaluation of the impact of an entrepreneur's human capital on her/his entrepre-neurial ab... more An evaluation of the impact of an entrepreneur's human capital on her/his entrepre-neurial ability is likely to suffer from a sample selection bias if performed on a sample of new entrepreneurs alone. Our theoretical model of entrepreneurial choice allows us to characterize this bias. It is shown to be positive (respectively negative) for individuals who were in a favorable (respectively adverse) situation in the labor market at the time at which they decided to become self-employed. Our empirical application measures the impact of the entrepreneur's education on the newly created firm's survival. It is found to be strong and significant for individuals who were previously employed in the new firm's branch of activity, whereas it is at best weakly significant for individuals who were previously unemployed or employed in a branch different from that of the new firm, so that they are more likely to have been poorly matched. These results suggest a very substantial samp...
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