The Quaternary sedimentary succession exposed at Cava Spagnulo, nearby the town of Grottaglie (Ap... more The Quaternary sedimentary succession exposed at Cava Spagnulo, nearby the town of Grottaglie (Apulia, Southern Italy), is described for the first time. A preliminary list of the mammal remains from the upper part of the succession, has been compared with other Pleistocene Apulian sites. The identified taxa are represented by cranial and postcranial fragments and isolated teeth of bovids, cervids, equids, canids and lagomorph. In the same deposit also few Mousterian stone tools have been found. The study of the mammal assemblage and the lithic tools suggest that the upper part of the succession exposed at Cava Spagnulo could be referred to the second part of the marine isotopic stage 3.
Lo smalto dei denti che si forma durante la vita prenatale offre la possibilita di aprire una fin... more Lo smalto dei denti che si forma durante la vita prenatale offre la possibilita di aprire una finestra unica sugli stadi precoci dello sviluppo umano nelle serie scheletriche da contesti archeologici e paleoantropologici. Infatti, i tessuti mineralizzati del dente si accrescono in maniera appositiva secondo un ritmo circadiano e registrano i tassi di crescita individuali, che possono essere direttamente misurati (Hillson 2014). Le traiettorie di crescita dei denti rispecchiano, in una certa misura, quelle dello scheletro e le informazioni derivanti dalla loro analisi possono essere estese allo studio delle traiettorie di sviluppo, anche in una prospettiva evolutiva. Inoltre, la porzione prenatale dello smalto racchiude non solo informazioni sul feto, ma anche sulla dieta e sulla salute materna nel periodo della gravidanza. L'approccio convenzionale allo studio della microstruttura dello smalto dentale e quello dell'istologia classica, un'analisi per definizione distrutti...
The fetal remains from the Ostuni 1 burial (Italy, ca 27 ka) represent a unique opportunity to ex... more The fetal remains from the Ostuni 1 burial (Italy, ca 27 ka) represent a unique opportunity to explore the prenatal biological parameters, and to reconstruct the possible patho-biography, of a fetus (and its mother) in an Upper Paleolithic context. Phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray microtomography imaging of two deciduous tooth crowns and microfocus CT measurements of the right hemimandible of the Ostuni 1b fetus were performed at the SYRMEP beamline and at the TomoLab station of the Elettra - Sincrotrone laboratory (Trieste, Italy) in order to refine age at death and to report the enamel developmental history and dental tissue volumes for this fetal individual. The virtual histology allowed to estimate the age at death of the fetus at 31-33 gestational weeks. Three severe physiological stress episodes were also identified in the prenatal enamel. These stress episodes occurred during the last two months and half of pregnancy and may relate to the death of both individuals. Compared w...
Premières communautés paysannes en Méditerranée occidentale
Dans une première partie, les auteurs définissent quelques phases du développement du Néolithique... more Dans une première partie, les auteurs définissent quelques phases du développement du Néolithique ancien (VIe millénaire), à travers l’analyse des trouvailles réalisées sur trois sites du littoral adriatique des Pouilles (Fontanelle, Torre Canne et Le Macchie). Dans la seconde partie, ils présentent les analyses d’échantillons d’enduits de cabanes qui ont permis une reconstitution paléobotanique à travers l’étude des empreintes des restes végétaux identifiés dans chaque gisement. Cette étude permet de préciser les caractéristiques de l’agriculture néolithique du VIe millénaire.In the first part various phases of development of the ancient Neolithic (6th millennium) are defined through the analysis of archaeological findings from three sites along the Adriatic coast at Fontanelle, Torre Canne and Le Macchie.In the 2nd part, an analysis of cabin-plaster samples has afforded a paleobotanical reconstruction which, through the study of vegetal traces identified in each settlement, is documented with the characteristics of the 6th millennium Neolithic agriculture
Bulletin Du Musee D Anthropologie Prehistorique De Monaco, 2000
Une etude palynologique a ete effectuee dans la sepulture de Santa Maria d'Agnano qui contien... more Une etude palynologique a ete effectuee dans la sepulture de Santa Maria d'Agnano qui contient le squelette d'une jeune femme d'environ 20 ans enceinte et celui du foetus presque a terme; la datation radiometrique preliminaire de 24 410 ± 320 BP (Gif 9247) et les caracteristiques de la sepulture placent la decouverte dans une phase gravettienne du Paleolithique superieur. Les echantillons destines a l'analyse pollinique ont ete preleves en divers points de la sepulture en rapport avec les differentes parties du squelette (crâne, membres anterieurs et posterieurs, cage thoracique, zone pelvienne...) et a travers deux sections sedimentaires recoupant les elements du remplissage de la fosse sepulcrale (breches, argiles...). Les resultats concernant la sepulture ont donne lieu par ailleurs a une experience methodologique relative a la conservation pollinique apres sechage de l'echantillon a l'etuve. Compares aux resultats obtenus sur les coupes, ils ont surtout conduit a des conclusions chronostratigraphiques, paleoclimatiques et paleoenvironnementales. Aucune pratique funeraire n'a ete revelee par cette analyse pollinique.
Modern humans arrived in Europe ~45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic compos... more Modern humans arrived in Europe ~45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ~8,500 years ago. We analyze genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ~45,000-7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3-6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas the earliest modern humans in Europe did not contribute substantially to present-day Europeans, all individuals between ~37,000 and ~14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. A ~35,000 year old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe during the Ice Age ~19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ~14,000 years ago, a new genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners appears in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory. Modern humans arrived in Europe around 45,000 years ago and have lived there ever since, even during the Last Glacial Maximum 25,000-19,000 years ago when large parts of Europe were covered in ice 1. A major question is how climatic fluctuations influenced the population history of Europe and to what extent changes in material cultures documented by archaeology and correlating to climatic events corresponded to movements of people. To date, it has been difficult to address this question because genome-wide ancient DNA has been retrieved from just five Upper Paleolithic individuals in Eurasia 2-4. Here we assemble and analyze genome-wide data from 51 modern humans dating from 45,000 to 7,000 years ago (Table 1; Extended Data Table 1; Supplementary Information section 1). Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:
The Quaternary sedimentary succession exposed at Cava Spagnulo, nearby the town of Grottaglie (Ap... more The Quaternary sedimentary succession exposed at Cava Spagnulo, nearby the town of Grottaglie (Apulia, Southern Italy), is described for the first time. A preliminary list of the mammal remains from the upper part of the succession, has been compared with other Pleistocene Apulian sites. The identified taxa are represented by cranial and postcranial fragments and isolated teeth of bovids, cervids, equids, canids and lagomorph. In the same deposit also few Mousterian stone tools have been found. The study of the mammal assemblage and the lithic tools suggest that the upper part of the succession exposed at Cava Spagnulo could be referred to the second part of the marine isotopic stage 3.
Lo smalto dei denti che si forma durante la vita prenatale offre la possibilita di aprire una fin... more Lo smalto dei denti che si forma durante la vita prenatale offre la possibilita di aprire una finestra unica sugli stadi precoci dello sviluppo umano nelle serie scheletriche da contesti archeologici e paleoantropologici. Infatti, i tessuti mineralizzati del dente si accrescono in maniera appositiva secondo un ritmo circadiano e registrano i tassi di crescita individuali, che possono essere direttamente misurati (Hillson 2014). Le traiettorie di crescita dei denti rispecchiano, in una certa misura, quelle dello scheletro e le informazioni derivanti dalla loro analisi possono essere estese allo studio delle traiettorie di sviluppo, anche in una prospettiva evolutiva. Inoltre, la porzione prenatale dello smalto racchiude non solo informazioni sul feto, ma anche sulla dieta e sulla salute materna nel periodo della gravidanza. L'approccio convenzionale allo studio della microstruttura dello smalto dentale e quello dell'istologia classica, un'analisi per definizione distrutti...
The fetal remains from the Ostuni 1 burial (Italy, ca 27 ka) represent a unique opportunity to ex... more The fetal remains from the Ostuni 1 burial (Italy, ca 27 ka) represent a unique opportunity to explore the prenatal biological parameters, and to reconstruct the possible patho-biography, of a fetus (and its mother) in an Upper Paleolithic context. Phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray microtomography imaging of two deciduous tooth crowns and microfocus CT measurements of the right hemimandible of the Ostuni 1b fetus were performed at the SYRMEP beamline and at the TomoLab station of the Elettra - Sincrotrone laboratory (Trieste, Italy) in order to refine age at death and to report the enamel developmental history and dental tissue volumes for this fetal individual. The virtual histology allowed to estimate the age at death of the fetus at 31-33 gestational weeks. Three severe physiological stress episodes were also identified in the prenatal enamel. These stress episodes occurred during the last two months and half of pregnancy and may relate to the death of both individuals. Compared w...
Premières communautés paysannes en Méditerranée occidentale
Dans une première partie, les auteurs définissent quelques phases du développement du Néolithique... more Dans une première partie, les auteurs définissent quelques phases du développement du Néolithique ancien (VIe millénaire), à travers l’analyse des trouvailles réalisées sur trois sites du littoral adriatique des Pouilles (Fontanelle, Torre Canne et Le Macchie). Dans la seconde partie, ils présentent les analyses d’échantillons d’enduits de cabanes qui ont permis une reconstitution paléobotanique à travers l’étude des empreintes des restes végétaux identifiés dans chaque gisement. Cette étude permet de préciser les caractéristiques de l’agriculture néolithique du VIe millénaire.In the first part various phases of development of the ancient Neolithic (6th millennium) are defined through the analysis of archaeological findings from three sites along the Adriatic coast at Fontanelle, Torre Canne and Le Macchie.In the 2nd part, an analysis of cabin-plaster samples has afforded a paleobotanical reconstruction which, through the study of vegetal traces identified in each settlement, is documented with the characteristics of the 6th millennium Neolithic agriculture
Bulletin Du Musee D Anthropologie Prehistorique De Monaco, 2000
Une etude palynologique a ete effectuee dans la sepulture de Santa Maria d'Agnano qui contien... more Une etude palynologique a ete effectuee dans la sepulture de Santa Maria d'Agnano qui contient le squelette d'une jeune femme d'environ 20 ans enceinte et celui du foetus presque a terme; la datation radiometrique preliminaire de 24 410 ± 320 BP (Gif 9247) et les caracteristiques de la sepulture placent la decouverte dans une phase gravettienne du Paleolithique superieur. Les echantillons destines a l'analyse pollinique ont ete preleves en divers points de la sepulture en rapport avec les differentes parties du squelette (crâne, membres anterieurs et posterieurs, cage thoracique, zone pelvienne...) et a travers deux sections sedimentaires recoupant les elements du remplissage de la fosse sepulcrale (breches, argiles...). Les resultats concernant la sepulture ont donne lieu par ailleurs a une experience methodologique relative a la conservation pollinique apres sechage de l'echantillon a l'etuve. Compares aux resultats obtenus sur les coupes, ils ont surtout conduit a des conclusions chronostratigraphiques, paleoclimatiques et paleoenvironnementales. Aucune pratique funeraire n'a ete revelee par cette analyse pollinique.
Modern humans arrived in Europe ~45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic compos... more Modern humans arrived in Europe ~45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ~8,500 years ago. We analyze genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ~45,000-7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3-6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas the earliest modern humans in Europe did not contribute substantially to present-day Europeans, all individuals between ~37,000 and ~14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. A ~35,000 year old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe during the Ice Age ~19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ~14,000 years ago, a new genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners appears in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory. Modern humans arrived in Europe around 45,000 years ago and have lived there ever since, even during the Last Glacial Maximum 25,000-19,000 years ago when large parts of Europe were covered in ice 1. A major question is how climatic fluctuations influenced the population history of Europe and to what extent changes in material cultures documented by archaeology and correlating to climatic events corresponded to movements of people. To date, it has been difficult to address this question because genome-wide ancient DNA has been retrieved from just five Upper Paleolithic individuals in Eurasia 2-4. Here we assemble and analyze genome-wide data from 51 modern humans dating from 45,000 to 7,000 years ago (Table 1; Extended Data Table 1; Supplementary Information section 1). Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:
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