H. van Enckevort, M. Driessen, E. Graafstal, T. Hazenberg, T. Ivleva & C. van Driel-Murray (eds) 2024, Supplying the Roman Empire. Proceedings of the 25th International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies 4, Leiden, Sidestone Press (= Archeologische Berichten Nijmegen 12), 2024
The present study compares two brooch assemblages from the western civil settlement of Vindonissa... more The present study compares two brooch assemblages from the western civil settlement of Vindonissa. They come from the plots north and south of the road leading to Augusta Raurica. In recent decades, the comparison of brooch spectra has become an established method. It is also based on the concept of "Objectscapes". The two assemblages show comparable values in the proportion ofAucis s a fibulae and the fibulae of Riha groups 5 and 1, respectively. There is however a marked contrast in the proportion of brooches with spring sleeve and ridged bow (Riha 4.2) to wire brooches of the Middle Latène scheme (Riha 1.4). Possible explanations for this difference could be the distinction between two neighbourhoods, different regional origins of the inhabitants or the different economic means of the wearers.
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Papers by Hannes Flueck
Kunstwerk «Tilo» zur Feier des 175. Jubiläums der Schweizer
Bundesverfassung eingeweiht. Seither changiert es vielfältig und
vielfarbig in seiner Einfarbigkeit. Was es für die Entstehung eines
solchen Werkes alles braucht, welche Menschen dahinter stehen
und wer Tilo ist soll im folgenden Text erzählt werden.
a similar method to that of coin graphs, brooch assemblages from various settlements can be compared, with the
focus on other aspects than chronology. Using an assemblage from a series of excavations in the canabae legionis
of Vindonissa/Windisch CH as a point of departure, a corpus of over 7’000 brooches from the Lower Rhine to
the Danube was compiled, with the aim of not only exploring discrepancies between the settlements but also of
setting a “norm” for each region. Significant differences between assemblages from civil settlements, canabae
legionis/military vici and legionary camps could thus be shown – especially regarding the proportion of the Aucissa
brooch. However, it also appears that the military camps were not completely immune to the influences of
the surrounding areas, as might be assumed. (Translation A. Lawrence)
In the summer of 2022, the Ziegelei-Museum conducted its first firing in the newly built kiln tower. For this purpose, the kiln was filled with lime, bricks, barrel tiles and flat tiles and covered with earth at the top. In total, the filling comprised just under 9 tonnes. Chimneys were created for the circulation of the fumes and the heat. Three temperature probes were also positioned in the filling for monitoring. The kiln was fired with 27 stere of wood for 7 days until the required temperature of 1050 °C was reached at least in parts of the kiln. In some cases, this temperature was also exceeded. It was not possible to establish a uniform temperature in the kiln, but after cooling it was evident that the filler material had been fired and there was little breakage and hardly any melting. This first firing in the kiln produced interesting data, which still need to be analysed in more detail. This will also allow conclusions to be drawn about possible structural optimisations of the kiln and future firings in the kiln.
von Hohlziegeln zur Ergänzung eines historischen Bestandes auf
der Burg Neu-Aspermont, ermöglichte es dem Ziegelei-Museum
den Prozess der Herstellung von solchen zu rekonstruieren. Die
Anforderungen an die Qualitätssicherheit sowie der verfügbare
Ton machten einen Kompromiss notwendig: Die Herstellung
durch Adaption von maschinell hergestellten Firstziegeln zu
«mittelalterlichen» Hohlziegeln. Eine grosse Hilfe waren dabei
die Firma Gasser Ceramic AG, ihre Mitarbeiter, Volontäre und die
Mitarbeit von Mitgliedern des Bündner Burgenvereins.
The request from the Department of Monument Preservation of the canton Graubünden to produce hollow tiles to complete a historic structure at Neu-Aspermont castle, enabled the Ziegelei-Museum Cham to reconstruct the process of making them. The requirements for quality assurance as well as the available clay made a compromise necessary: The production was done by adapting machine-made ridge tiles to "medieval" hollow tiles. A great help in this was the company Gasser Ceramic AG, its employees, volunteers and the cooperation of members of the Bündner Burgenverein.
from Rothenbrunnen-Hochjuvalt and Paspels-Canova in the Domleschg were noticed. Both were discovered
in the 1860s and subsequently in written sources variously mentioned and also swapped. A careful reworking of the
research history, as well as the technological and morphological analysis allow a clear separation of the two assemblages.
Based upon cultural historical comparisons, they can easily be designated as depositions. The assemblage from
Paspels-Canova, consisting of two blades of raw material from the Monti Lessini (prov. Verona / I) and a radiolarite blade
of an unknown origin, can be dated with a high probability to the Late Neolithic. The depot can certainly be seen in
the context of the transalpine transport of such blades, whereby the precise reasons for the deposition remain unclear.
One possibility could be a placement at a prominent location in the mental map of the prehistoric people, especially
since the site of the deposition, when coming from the south, lies close to the final two, only with difficulty passable
gorges on the way to the Alpine Rhine Valley. On the other hand, the assemblage from Rothenbrunnen-Hochjuvalt,
comprising two blades of flint from Świeciechów-Lasek (woj. lubelskie / PL), cannot be dated with precision. The most
plausible theory to us seems that the deposition occurred within the Late Medieval to Modern river barrage during the
historical period by soldiers who had brought the finds from Eastern Europe, e. g. during the Revolt of the Leagues
(1620-1637) or the so-called Helvetic Republic (1798-1802).
The micromorphology allowed the disproving of the common interpretation of a structure in the workshops of smiths as a dip tank. Thanks to archaeozoological analyses two tanning workshops – for hides but also for skins – were identified. Pits containing one to three barrels might have been used while processing the animal skins. The combination of these analysis allows us to identify not only the practiced handicrafts but can give us an idea of the living environment and offers even a whiff of the smells which might have prevailed.
Kunstwerk «Tilo» zur Feier des 175. Jubiläums der Schweizer
Bundesverfassung eingeweiht. Seither changiert es vielfältig und
vielfarbig in seiner Einfarbigkeit. Was es für die Entstehung eines
solchen Werkes alles braucht, welche Menschen dahinter stehen
und wer Tilo ist soll im folgenden Text erzählt werden.
a similar method to that of coin graphs, brooch assemblages from various settlements can be compared, with the
focus on other aspects than chronology. Using an assemblage from a series of excavations in the canabae legionis
of Vindonissa/Windisch CH as a point of departure, a corpus of over 7’000 brooches from the Lower Rhine to
the Danube was compiled, with the aim of not only exploring discrepancies between the settlements but also of
setting a “norm” for each region. Significant differences between assemblages from civil settlements, canabae
legionis/military vici and legionary camps could thus be shown – especially regarding the proportion of the Aucissa
brooch. However, it also appears that the military camps were not completely immune to the influences of
the surrounding areas, as might be assumed. (Translation A. Lawrence)
In the summer of 2022, the Ziegelei-Museum conducted its first firing in the newly built kiln tower. For this purpose, the kiln was filled with lime, bricks, barrel tiles and flat tiles and covered with earth at the top. In total, the filling comprised just under 9 tonnes. Chimneys were created for the circulation of the fumes and the heat. Three temperature probes were also positioned in the filling for monitoring. The kiln was fired with 27 stere of wood for 7 days until the required temperature of 1050 °C was reached at least in parts of the kiln. In some cases, this temperature was also exceeded. It was not possible to establish a uniform temperature in the kiln, but after cooling it was evident that the filler material had been fired and there was little breakage and hardly any melting. This first firing in the kiln produced interesting data, which still need to be analysed in more detail. This will also allow conclusions to be drawn about possible structural optimisations of the kiln and future firings in the kiln.
von Hohlziegeln zur Ergänzung eines historischen Bestandes auf
der Burg Neu-Aspermont, ermöglichte es dem Ziegelei-Museum
den Prozess der Herstellung von solchen zu rekonstruieren. Die
Anforderungen an die Qualitätssicherheit sowie der verfügbare
Ton machten einen Kompromiss notwendig: Die Herstellung
durch Adaption von maschinell hergestellten Firstziegeln zu
«mittelalterlichen» Hohlziegeln. Eine grosse Hilfe waren dabei
die Firma Gasser Ceramic AG, ihre Mitarbeiter, Volontäre und die
Mitarbeit von Mitgliedern des Bündner Burgenvereins.
The request from the Department of Monument Preservation of the canton Graubünden to produce hollow tiles to complete a historic structure at Neu-Aspermont castle, enabled the Ziegelei-Museum Cham to reconstruct the process of making them. The requirements for quality assurance as well as the available clay made a compromise necessary: The production was done by adapting machine-made ridge tiles to "medieval" hollow tiles. A great help in this was the company Gasser Ceramic AG, its employees, volunteers and the cooperation of members of the Bündner Burgenverein.
from Rothenbrunnen-Hochjuvalt and Paspels-Canova in the Domleschg were noticed. Both were discovered
in the 1860s and subsequently in written sources variously mentioned and also swapped. A careful reworking of the
research history, as well as the technological and morphological analysis allow a clear separation of the two assemblages.
Based upon cultural historical comparisons, they can easily be designated as depositions. The assemblage from
Paspels-Canova, consisting of two blades of raw material from the Monti Lessini (prov. Verona / I) and a radiolarite blade
of an unknown origin, can be dated with a high probability to the Late Neolithic. The depot can certainly be seen in
the context of the transalpine transport of such blades, whereby the precise reasons for the deposition remain unclear.
One possibility could be a placement at a prominent location in the mental map of the prehistoric people, especially
since the site of the deposition, when coming from the south, lies close to the final two, only with difficulty passable
gorges on the way to the Alpine Rhine Valley. On the other hand, the assemblage from Rothenbrunnen-Hochjuvalt,
comprising two blades of flint from Świeciechów-Lasek (woj. lubelskie / PL), cannot be dated with precision. The most
plausible theory to us seems that the deposition occurred within the Late Medieval to Modern river barrage during the
historical period by soldiers who had brought the finds from Eastern Europe, e. g. during the Revolt of the Leagues
(1620-1637) or the so-called Helvetic Republic (1798-1802).
The micromorphology allowed the disproving of the common interpretation of a structure in the workshops of smiths as a dip tank. Thanks to archaeozoological analyses two tanning workshops – for hides but also for skins – were identified. Pits containing one to three barrels might have been used while processing the animal skins. The combination of these analysis allows us to identify not only the practiced handicrafts but can give us an idea of the living environment and offers even a whiff of the smells which might have prevailed.
Within the framework of a thesis, eight plots with nearly 40 successively built buildings were analyzed. Most of them were striphouses, the typical housing type for civil settlements near military fortresses. They were used to live in, but also as workshop for various handicrafts. Easily recognizable – by means of slacks and scales – were various workshops of smiths. The paper will discuss some of the archaeological features observed within these workshops (micromorpological analysis by Sarah LoRusso).
Thanks to archaeozoological analyzes (by Sabine Deschler-Erb and Roman Schmidig) two tanning workshops – for hides but also for skins – were identified. Pits containing one to three barrels might have been used while processing the animal skins. The evidence for the processing of hides has rarely been identified in the archaeological record. The hides main use is for the fabrication of shoe soles. The key customer of this workshop must have been the legion, with its demand of 18’000 shoes per annum.
The combination of the analysis of the features with the archaeobiological data allows us to identify not only the practiced handicrafts but can give us an idea of the living environment and offers even a whiff of the smells which might have prevailed.
IN A QUARTER FOR HANDICRAFTS IN THE CANABA E OF THE
LEGIONARY CAMP (WINDISCH ZIVILSIEDLUNG WEST 2006–2008).
For the first time a partial report of a large-scale excavation offers an in-depth view into the development and structure of the canabae legionis of Vindonissa.
– To the west of the camp, a roman cemetery was abolished, the terrain was reparcelled and rapidly overbuilt.
– A major fire around 70 AD destroyed the whole quarter.
– The quarter is abandoned just after 106 AD – almost simultaneously with the arrival of the XI legion in their new camp of Durostorum.
–The inhabitants are craftsmen – i.e. smiths and tanners. They probably produced for the camp.
– The dual settlement structure consisting of canabae legionis and vicus, known from other legion garrisons, does not seem to exist for Vindonissa
– the whole civil settlement should be addressed as canabae.