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Thomas Schäfer

Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Institut für Klassische Archäologie, Faculty Member

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* 11.12. 1953 in Göttingen Studienfächer: Klass. Archäologie, Alte Geschichte, Christliche Archäologie in Göttingen, Bonn, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Rom1982: Promotion an der Fakultät für Orientalistik und Altertumswissenschaften an der Universität Heidelberg1982-1983: Reisestipendium des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts1984-1989: Wissenschaftlicher Referent an der Abt. Athen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts: Photoabteilung1995: Habilitation an der Universität Frankfurt a. M1996: Amerikastipendium des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts1998: Ruf auf den Lehrstuhl für Klass. Archäologie an der Universität GreifswaldSeit 2000: Grabung in Pantelleria2002 - 2004: Vorsitzender des Deutschen Archäologenverbandes e.V.2003: Ruf auf den Lehrstuhl für Klass. Archäologie an der Universität Tübingen2003 - 2012Mitglied im Fachkollegium der DFG „Alte Kulturen“2004 - 2008 Dekan der Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften an der Eberhard-Karls- Universität Tübingen2005 - 2013 Mitglied der wissenschaftlichen Kommission der Union der deutschen Akademien der WissenschaftenSeit 2005 Mitglied der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften2017 - 2019"Opus Magnum" - Förderung durch die Volkswagenstiftung

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Volker Michael Strocka

Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg

Dietrich Boschung

Universität zu Köln

Michael Pfanner

Universität Leipzig

Matthias Sandberg

Potestas. Revista de Estudios del Mundo Clásico e Historia del Arte

LUIS QUINTO ESPINOZA VALDEZ

Ministero della cultura

University of California, Berkeley

Alice Landskron

Karl-Franzens-University of Graz

Lorenz Winkler-Horacek

Freie Universität Berlin

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Books by Thomas Schäfer

1 Der Reliefzyklus Medinaceli: Von Actium bis Nero. Zeitgeschichte und Selbstverständnis im Principat des Kaisers Claudius. Titelei und Text TAF 37, 2022

Leihdorf, 2022

2. Tafeln. Der Reliefzyklus Medinaceli. Tafeln 1-120

3. Beilagen. Der Reliefzyklus Medinaceli

Andres Agathoi. Studien zum Realitätsgehalt der Bewaffnung attischer Krieger auf Denkmälern klassischer Zeit (1997)

Spolia et signa: Baupolitik und Reichskultur nach dem Parthererfolg des Augustus (1998)

Papers by Thomas Schäfer

Il sistema difensivo dell’Acropoli di Cossyra: nuove ricerche e primi risultati, in: S. De Vin-cenzo (Hrsg.), Le cinte murarie antiche della Sicilia occidentale. Conference Proceedings, Erice, Palazzo Sales, 29.–30.03.2018

by Frerich Schön, Thomas Schäfer, and Stefano Cespa

Entstehung und Ausbreitung römischer Repräsentationskunst

Dal dominio cartaginese a quello romano: un complesso gioco di interscambio

Carthago. La mostra (Mailand 2019) 138 – 145.

V.4.2 Cossyra-Pantelleria

Carthago. Il mito immortale. Mostra Colosseo, Foro Romano, 27 Settembre 2019 – 29 Marzo 2020. (Milano 2019) 224 – 225, 2019

si trova al centro del Canale di Sicilia: nel Periplo dello Pseudo-Scilace è detta distare un gio... more si trova al centro del Canale di Sicilia: nel Periplo dello Pseudo-Scilace è detta distare un giorno di navigazione tanto da Capo Ermeo, in Nordafrica, quanto da Capo Lilibeo, in Sicilia. Con Gozo e Malta, dunque, Pantelleria segna quasi un'ideale frontiera marina, o piuttosto un ponte, tra il continente Africano e quello Europeo, che di fatti non è altro che la parte emersa del cono di un grande vulcano in corrispondenza della faglia tra la zona tettonica euro-asiatica e quella africana. Il coinvolgimento dell'isola nelle rotte mediterranee risale al VII millennio a.C., quando era frequentata a causa dei giacimenti di ossidiana, l'oro nero dell'epoca. L'antica città di Cossyra sorgeva in una posizione strategica sui rilievi di San Marco e Santa Teresa, dominanti l'insenatura dell'approdo principale. La prima frequentazione in età storica è databile tra la seconda metà dell'VIII sec. a.C. e la metà di quello successivo. Analogamente a quanto avviene a Nora, in Sardegna, si ipotizza una prima frequentazione stagionale legata a un insediamento a carattere principalmente commerciale. Alla metà del VII sec. a.C. possiamo invece datare la nascita dell'insediamento punico, noto dalle fonti col nome fenicio Yrnm e greco Cossyra. È probabile che l'originario stanziamento cossyrese avesse natura più militare che commerciale, con un punto di avvistamento militare posto in una posizione strategica sui rilievi dominanti l'insenatura dell'approdo principale, da dove ancora oggi, nelle giornate limpide, è possibile scorgere sia Capo Bon in Africa che capo Granitola in Sicilia. Nell'età classica, abbiamo un notevole incremento della presenza di materiali a testimonianza di un notevole sviluppo dell'abitato, con la capillare occupazione del territorio, caratterizzata da un aumento delle importazioni, in particolare quelle provenienti dall'area greco-occidentale. Il floruit della città punica è ascrivibile alla fase databile tra ultimo quarto del V e fine IV sec. a.C., quando forse arriva un nuovo nucleo di coloni, da connettersi alla ricerca da parte di Cartagine di assumere nuovamente la supremazia in Sicilia, cercando di realizzare una vera a propria frontiera fortificata di cui Cossyra sembra far parte a pieno titolo.

V. Melchiorri – Th. Schäfer, Il progetto internazionale ARS – „Archaeological Research in Sardinia“. Nuove ricerche al Tofet di Sulci (S. Antioco)

Un viaje entre el Oriente y el Occidente del Mediterráneo A Journey between East and West in the Mediterranean IX Congreso Internacional de Estudios Fenicios y Púnicos / International Congress of Phoenician and Punic Studies. MYTRA 5, 2020, 1505 – 1518. , 2020

Esta publicación se ha beneficiado de las siguientes ayudas para su financiación:

Schön, Schäfer et al. Damnum nocet, damnum docet. Werkstoffanalyse von antiken Zisternenverputzen.

SPA Santinas per aquam. Tagungsband des Internationalen Frontinus-Symposiums zur Technik- und Kultur- geschichte der antiken Thermen. Aachen, 18.-22. März 2009 (Leuven 2012) 235-240. , 2012

F. Schön - Th. Schäfer, Römer werden, punisch bleiben? Kult und Vergangenheit als Ressourcen kollektiver Identität auf Pantelleria (Cossyra) im 3. Jahrhundert v. Chr. bis in das 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr.

J. Bergemann – O. Belvedere (Hrsg.), Imperium Romanum: Romanization between Colonization and Globalization, Villa Vigoni, 04.-07.11.2019. Studi e Materiali 2 (Palermo 2021) 145 – 163., 2021

The idea of organizing this colloquium first occurred to Johannes Bergemann and myself when we we... more The idea of organizing this colloquium first occurred to Johannes Bergemann and myself when we were working on the details of another seminar, one on Roman Sicily. The latter took place in Göttingen in 2017. Entitled Roman Sicily. Cities and territories between monumentalization and economy, crisis and development, it took stock of the results of archaeological research conducted on the island over the last twenty years 1. The results of that research have been remarkable: however, what emerges from the book which published the papers from the conference is a "Roman" Sicily that is considered in itself not just a part of the wider Roman world. On reflection, it seemed clear to us that we needed now to think in a broader context. Anyone following the debate on Romanization in recent years will have noted that North European (especially Anglo-Saxon and Dutch) contributors to the debate have adopted a different perspective from those of Central and Southern Europe. The first group turned their attention away from the city and the urban elites to the countryside, and to the material culture of the peasant and native social groups, developing a position that was defined as "anti-colonial" 2. A remarkable exception to this trend in northern Europe has been Greg Woolf, who sees "Romanization" as a cultural revolution 3. Other scholars (Italians and French, but also Germans) have continued to lay emphasis mainly on the role of local elites in the "Romanization" process, investigating the usefulness of interpretative categories such as "self-romanisation", in an attempt to overcome both the "colonial" and the "anti-colonial" viewpoints 4. This dichotomy of approach has become particularly marked in recent years 5. Observing that in any case both positions aim to explore the formation of cultural identities, Martin Pitts and Miguel John Versluys, among others, have proposed to explore cultural transformations not in the context of identities, but in the sense of a dialectic between local and global, of which material culture is an expression, using the theory of globalization and focusing on aspects of connectivity and interdependence within the Roman world, and the "entanglement" of people with their material culture 6. Of course, I as a landscape archaeologist cannot disagree with the claim that "artefacts are material presences, part of a spatial relation in (historical) time and (geographical) space" 7. The concept of globalization has indeed recently been considered helpful for interpreting other periods of the ancient world, such as the Hellenistic era and the cultures of the eastern Mediterranean in the late Bronze Age, without however convincing the majority of scholars as to the validity of this approach.

Der Triumphzug – Realität und ikonografisches Narrativ. In: Triumph ohne Sieg. Roms Ende in Germanien (Darmstadt 2017) 55 – 71 Abb. 1-17., 2017

Der Triumphzug-Realität und ikonographisches Narrativ | 55 Der Triumphzug-Realität und ikonograph... more Der Triumphzug-Realität und ikonographisches Narrativ | 55 Der Triumphzug-Realität und ikonographisches Narrativ von Thomas Schäfer D ie Konstituierung des Triumphzugs als ritueller Brauch wird von den römischen Schriftstellern der Kaiserzeit in historisierender Absicht bis auf Romulus zurückgeführt. 1 Dies geschah zweifellos vor dem Hintergrund, die inzwischen nur noch dem Kaiser vorbehaltene, herausragende Ehrung in eine uralte, wenn auch nur fiktive Tradition einzubetten. Ursprünglich war der Triumph zweifellos ein überwiegend ritueller und zeremonieller Akt (Abb. 1): Der Einzug des siegreichen Feldherrn an der Spitze seines Heers in die Stadt gehörte schon seit alter Zeit zum Repertoire der prunkvollen, öffentlichen Zere-Der Triumphzug-Realität und ikonographisches Narrativ | 57

Triumph (Anm. Bibl.)

Der Triumphzug – Realität und ikonografisches Narrativ. In: Triumph ohne Sieg. Roms Ende in Germanien (Darmstadt 2017) 55 – 71 Abb. 1-17., 2017

gusti patr[-]), zu den beiden Blöcken und zum severischen Stadtplan.

F. Schön – S. Cespa – K. Riehle – H. Töpfer – Th. Schäfer, Il sistema difensivo dell’Acropoli di Cossyra: nuove ricerche e primi risultati

by kai riehle, Frerich Schön, Stefano Cespa, and Thomas Schäfer

Analysis Archaeologica 5, 2020

The paper presents the first results of a new research project of the University of Tübingen on t... more The paper presents the first results of a new research project of the University of Tübingen on the elaborate fortification system of the Punic-Roman Acropolis of Cossyra (Pantelleria). The hill on which the site stands was defended throughout its history by at least two circles of walls, bulwarks, elevated terraces and fortified gateways. These monumental works were sometimes an integral part of the extensive urbanization project of the ancient city, together with the road system and other public infrastructures; sometimes, nevertheless, they changed its appearance, even dramatically. In these evidences, we can recognize the echoes of the alternating war events that characterized this area of the Mediterranean between the end of the 4th century BC and the 1st century BC.

Schäfer, Cossyra I. Topographie, Geschichte, Forschungsgeschichte, 87 - 111

Cossyra I. Die Ergebnisse der Grabungen auf der Akropolis von Pantelleria / S. Teresa. Der Sakralbereich,, 2015

Schäfer - Schmidt - Schön, Cossyra I. Übersicht der Perioden und Phasen, 145 - 147

Cossyra I. Die Ergebnisse der Grabungen auf der Akropolis von Pantelleria / S. Teresa. Der Sakralbereich, 2015

Schön - Schmidt - Schäfer, Cossyra I. Terminologie, Systematik, Abkürzungen, technische Hinweise, 149 - 151

Cossyra I, 2015

Hering - Schmidt - Schäfer, Cossyra I. Korinthische sowie schwarz- und rotfigurige Keramik der Kampagnen 2000 - 2012, 403 - 422

Cossyra I, 2015

Schäfer, Cossyra I. Bauplastik in Tuff und Stuck, 649 - 680

Cossyra I, 2015

1 Der Reliefzyklus Medinaceli: Von Actium bis Nero. Zeitgeschichte und Selbstverständnis im Principat des Kaisers Claudius. Titelei und Text TAF 37, 2022

Leihdorf, 2022

2. Tafeln. Der Reliefzyklus Medinaceli. Tafeln 1-120

3. Beilagen. Der Reliefzyklus Medinaceli

Andres Agathoi. Studien zum Realitätsgehalt der Bewaffnung attischer Krieger auf Denkmälern klassischer Zeit (1997)

Spolia et signa: Baupolitik und Reichskultur nach dem Parthererfolg des Augustus (1998)

Il sistema difensivo dell’Acropoli di Cossyra: nuove ricerche e primi risultati, in: S. De Vin-cenzo (Hrsg.), Le cinte murarie antiche della Sicilia occidentale. Conference Proceedings, Erice, Palazzo Sales, 29.–30.03.2018

by Frerich Schön, Thomas Schäfer, and Stefano Cespa

Entstehung und Ausbreitung römischer Repräsentationskunst

Dal dominio cartaginese a quello romano: un complesso gioco di interscambio

Carthago. La mostra (Mailand 2019) 138 – 145.

V.4.2 Cossyra-Pantelleria

Carthago. Il mito immortale. Mostra Colosseo, Foro Romano, 27 Settembre 2019 – 29 Marzo 2020. (Milano 2019) 224 – 225, 2019

si trova al centro del Canale di Sicilia: nel Periplo dello Pseudo-Scilace è detta distare un gio... more si trova al centro del Canale di Sicilia: nel Periplo dello Pseudo-Scilace è detta distare un giorno di navigazione tanto da Capo Ermeo, in Nordafrica, quanto da Capo Lilibeo, in Sicilia. Con Gozo e Malta, dunque, Pantelleria segna quasi un'ideale frontiera marina, o piuttosto un ponte, tra il continente Africano e quello Europeo, che di fatti non è altro che la parte emersa del cono di un grande vulcano in corrispondenza della faglia tra la zona tettonica euro-asiatica e quella africana. Il coinvolgimento dell'isola nelle rotte mediterranee risale al VII millennio a.C., quando era frequentata a causa dei giacimenti di ossidiana, l'oro nero dell'epoca. L'antica città di Cossyra sorgeva in una posizione strategica sui rilievi di San Marco e Santa Teresa, dominanti l'insenatura dell'approdo principale. La prima frequentazione in età storica è databile tra la seconda metà dell'VIII sec. a.C. e la metà di quello successivo. Analogamente a quanto avviene a Nora, in Sardegna, si ipotizza una prima frequentazione stagionale legata a un insediamento a carattere principalmente commerciale. Alla metà del VII sec. a.C. possiamo invece datare la nascita dell'insediamento punico, noto dalle fonti col nome fenicio Yrnm e greco Cossyra. È probabile che l'originario stanziamento cossyrese avesse natura più militare che commerciale, con un punto di avvistamento militare posto in una posizione strategica sui rilievi dominanti l'insenatura dell'approdo principale, da dove ancora oggi, nelle giornate limpide, è possibile scorgere sia Capo Bon in Africa che capo Granitola in Sicilia. Nell'età classica, abbiamo un notevole incremento della presenza di materiali a testimonianza di un notevole sviluppo dell'abitato, con la capillare occupazione del territorio, caratterizzata da un aumento delle importazioni, in particolare quelle provenienti dall'area greco-occidentale. Il floruit della città punica è ascrivibile alla fase databile tra ultimo quarto del V e fine IV sec. a.C., quando forse arriva un nuovo nucleo di coloni, da connettersi alla ricerca da parte di Cartagine di assumere nuovamente la supremazia in Sicilia, cercando di realizzare una vera a propria frontiera fortificata di cui Cossyra sembra far parte a pieno titolo.

V. Melchiorri – Th. Schäfer, Il progetto internazionale ARS – „Archaeological Research in Sardinia“. Nuove ricerche al Tofet di Sulci (S. Antioco)

Un viaje entre el Oriente y el Occidente del Mediterráneo A Journey between East and West in the Mediterranean IX Congreso Internacional de Estudios Fenicios y Púnicos / International Congress of Phoenician and Punic Studies. MYTRA 5, 2020, 1505 – 1518. , 2020

Esta publicación se ha beneficiado de las siguientes ayudas para su financiación:

Schön, Schäfer et al. Damnum nocet, damnum docet. Werkstoffanalyse von antiken Zisternenverputzen.

SPA Santinas per aquam. Tagungsband des Internationalen Frontinus-Symposiums zur Technik- und Kultur- geschichte der antiken Thermen. Aachen, 18.-22. März 2009 (Leuven 2012) 235-240. , 2012

F. Schön - Th. Schäfer, Römer werden, punisch bleiben? Kult und Vergangenheit als Ressourcen kollektiver Identität auf Pantelleria (Cossyra) im 3. Jahrhundert v. Chr. bis in das 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr.

J. Bergemann – O. Belvedere (Hrsg.), Imperium Romanum: Romanization between Colonization and Globalization, Villa Vigoni, 04.-07.11.2019. Studi e Materiali 2 (Palermo 2021) 145 – 163., 2021

The idea of organizing this colloquium first occurred to Johannes Bergemann and myself when we we... more The idea of organizing this colloquium first occurred to Johannes Bergemann and myself when we were working on the details of another seminar, one on Roman Sicily. The latter took place in Göttingen in 2017. Entitled Roman Sicily. Cities and territories between monumentalization and economy, crisis and development, it took stock of the results of archaeological research conducted on the island over the last twenty years 1. The results of that research have been remarkable: however, what emerges from the book which published the papers from the conference is a "Roman" Sicily that is considered in itself not just a part of the wider Roman world. On reflection, it seemed clear to us that we needed now to think in a broader context. Anyone following the debate on Romanization in recent years will have noted that North European (especially Anglo-Saxon and Dutch) contributors to the debate have adopted a different perspective from those of Central and Southern Europe. The first group turned their attention away from the city and the urban elites to the countryside, and to the material culture of the peasant and native social groups, developing a position that was defined as "anti-colonial" 2. A remarkable exception to this trend in northern Europe has been Greg Woolf, who sees "Romanization" as a cultural revolution 3. Other scholars (Italians and French, but also Germans) have continued to lay emphasis mainly on the role of local elites in the "Romanization" process, investigating the usefulness of interpretative categories such as "self-romanisation", in an attempt to overcome both the "colonial" and the "anti-colonial" viewpoints 4. This dichotomy of approach has become particularly marked in recent years 5. Observing that in any case both positions aim to explore the formation of cultural identities, Martin Pitts and Miguel John Versluys, among others, have proposed to explore cultural transformations not in the context of identities, but in the sense of a dialectic between local and global, of which material culture is an expression, using the theory of globalization and focusing on aspects of connectivity and interdependence within the Roman world, and the "entanglement" of people with their material culture 6. Of course, I as a landscape archaeologist cannot disagree with the claim that "artefacts are material presences, part of a spatial relation in (historical) time and (geographical) space" 7. The concept of globalization has indeed recently been considered helpful for interpreting other periods of the ancient world, such as the Hellenistic era and the cultures of the eastern Mediterranean in the late Bronze Age, without however convincing the majority of scholars as to the validity of this approach.

Der Triumphzug – Realität und ikonografisches Narrativ. In: Triumph ohne Sieg. Roms Ende in Germanien (Darmstadt 2017) 55 – 71 Abb. 1-17., 2017

Der Triumphzug-Realität und ikonographisches Narrativ | 55 Der Triumphzug-Realität und ikonograph... more Der Triumphzug-Realität und ikonographisches Narrativ | 55 Der Triumphzug-Realität und ikonographisches Narrativ von Thomas Schäfer D ie Konstituierung des Triumphzugs als ritueller Brauch wird von den römischen Schriftstellern der Kaiserzeit in historisierender Absicht bis auf Romulus zurückgeführt. 1 Dies geschah zweifellos vor dem Hintergrund, die inzwischen nur noch dem Kaiser vorbehaltene, herausragende Ehrung in eine uralte, wenn auch nur fiktive Tradition einzubetten. Ursprünglich war der Triumph zweifellos ein überwiegend ritueller und zeremonieller Akt (Abb. 1): Der Einzug des siegreichen Feldherrn an der Spitze seines Heers in die Stadt gehörte schon seit alter Zeit zum Repertoire der prunkvollen, öffentlichen Zere-Der Triumphzug-Realität und ikonographisches Narrativ | 57

Triumph (Anm. Bibl.)

Der Triumphzug – Realität und ikonografisches Narrativ. In: Triumph ohne Sieg. Roms Ende in Germanien (Darmstadt 2017) 55 – 71 Abb. 1-17., 2017

gusti patr[-]), zu den beiden Blöcken und zum severischen Stadtplan.

F. Schön – S. Cespa – K. Riehle – H. Töpfer – Th. Schäfer, Il sistema difensivo dell’Acropoli di Cossyra: nuove ricerche e primi risultati

by kai riehle, Frerich Schön, Stefano Cespa, and Thomas Schäfer

Analysis Archaeologica 5, 2020

The paper presents the first results of a new research project of the University of Tübingen on t... more The paper presents the first results of a new research project of the University of Tübingen on the elaborate fortification system of the Punic-Roman Acropolis of Cossyra (Pantelleria). The hill on which the site stands was defended throughout its history by at least two circles of walls, bulwarks, elevated terraces and fortified gateways. These monumental works were sometimes an integral part of the extensive urbanization project of the ancient city, together with the road system and other public infrastructures; sometimes, nevertheless, they changed its appearance, even dramatically. In these evidences, we can recognize the echoes of the alternating war events that characterized this area of the Mediterranean between the end of the 4th century BC and the 1st century BC.

Schäfer, Cossyra I. Topographie, Geschichte, Forschungsgeschichte, 87 - 111

Cossyra I. Die Ergebnisse der Grabungen auf der Akropolis von Pantelleria / S. Teresa. Der Sakralbereich,, 2015

Schäfer - Schmidt - Schön, Cossyra I. Übersicht der Perioden und Phasen, 145 - 147

Cossyra I. Die Ergebnisse der Grabungen auf der Akropolis von Pantelleria / S. Teresa. Der Sakralbereich, 2015

Schön - Schmidt - Schäfer, Cossyra I. Terminologie, Systematik, Abkürzungen, technische Hinweise, 149 - 151

Cossyra I, 2015

Hering - Schmidt - Schäfer, Cossyra I. Korinthische sowie schwarz- und rotfigurige Keramik der Kampagnen 2000 - 2012, 403 - 422

Cossyra I, 2015

Schäfer, Cossyra I. Bauplastik in Tuff und Stuck, 649 - 680

Cossyra I, 2015

Schäfer - Pleiner, Cossyra I. Terrakotten aus architektonischem Kontext, 681 - 689

Cossyra I, 2015

Schäfer, Cossyra I. Plastik aus Marmor, 717 - 763

Cossyra I, 2015

Schäfer, Cossyra I. Inschriften, 777 - 804

Cossyra I, 2015

Schäfer, Cossyra I. Gefässe aus Marmor und Kalkstein, 1035 - 1038

Cossyra I, 2015

Schäfer, Cossyra I. Objekte aus Gold und Halbedelstein, 1057 - 1062

Cossyra I, 2015