Cilj časopisa je prezentacija i diskusija rezultata koji su neposredno vezani za teorijske, inžen... more Cilj časopisa je prezentacija i diskusija rezultata koji su neposredno vezani za teorijske, inženjerske i menadžerske aspekte, kako u hemijskoj i procesnoj industriji, prehrambenoj industriji, tako i u metalurgiji, građevinarstvu i industriji, kao i tema iz oblasti zaštite životne sredine. Ovom prilikom pozivamo autore sa univerziteta, istraživačkih centara i industrije da uzmu učešće u narednim brojevima ovog časopisa.
ABSTRACT Im Besitz der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig befinden sich 1575 Ostraka aus Ägypten, von... more ABSTRACT Im Besitz der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig befinden sich 1575 Ostraka aus Ägypten, von denen 12, in griechischer Sprache verfasst, und aufgrund der Namensnennungen und Textinhalte ein so genanntes Archiv des Gerontios bilden. Das Besondere an diesem Ostraka-Archiv ist ein möglicher Zusammenhang mit dem Papyrus-Archiv des Flavius Abinnaeus, der von 342 bis 351 n. Chr. Reiterpräfekt und Kommandeur der Festung in Dionysias (Fayyum) war. Da in den kurzen Texten konkrete geographische und zeitliche Angaben fehlen, beruht die geographische Zuweisung in den Arsinoitischen Gau in die Zeit der ersten Hälfte des 4. nachchristlichen Jahrhunderts allein auf den Ergebnissen einer paläographischen und textkritischen Analyse. Um weitere Anhaltspunkte für die Überprüfung des Zusammenhangs zwischen den beiden genannten Archiven zu bekommen, werden mit Hilfe zerstörungsfreier Untersuchungsmethoden an den zwölf Scherben und den Tinten materialspezifische Charakteristika ermittelt und mit denen von arsinoitischer Keramik aus dem 4. nachchristlichen Jahrhundert verglichen. Im Falle einer Übereinstimmung wesentlicher Merkmale tragen die Ergebnisse der naturwissenschaftlichen Materialanalysen dazu bei, eine auf paläographische Beweisführung fußende Hypothese abzusichern. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die Untersuchungsmethoden vor und diskutiert deren Aussagekraft anhand erster Ergebnisse.
Cu0.507(5)Pb8.73(9)Sb8.15(8)I1.6S20.00(2) nanowires grown by CVT and analysed by HRTEM, microprob... more Cu0.507(5)Pb8.73(9)Sb8.15(8)I1.6S20.00(2) nanowires grown by CVT and analysed by HRTEM, microprobe, and XRD show a=4.9801(4) nm, b=2*0.41132(8)nm (2-fold superstructure), c=2.1989(1) nm and ß=99.918° within the S.G. C2/m comparable with the pillaite structure (Cu0.10Pb9.16Sb9.84S22.4Cl0.1.06O0.5) but containing iodine instead of oxygen and chlorine. The phase transforms under e-beam from the superstructure with b ~ 0.8 nm to b ~ 0.4 nm within 5 min.
Aufgrund der silikatischen Zusammensetzung gehören Keramikscherben zu den verwitterungs-resistent... more Aufgrund der silikatischen Zusammensetzung gehören Keramikscherben zu den verwitterungs-resistenten und daher am häufigsten vorkommenden Hinterlassenschaften vergangener Zeiten. Material, Herstellung, Form und Verzierung der Scherben erlauben eine Differenzierung und Zuordnung zu bestimmten Kulturen. Unter diesen Gesichtspunkten betrachtet sind auch un-scheinbarste Bruchstücke von keramischen Objekten ein technik- und kunstgeschichtliches Dokument. Im Vordergrund der nachfolgenden Betrachtungen stehen materialwissenschaftli-che Untersuchungsmethoden an Keramiken, deren Ergebnisse Auskunft über die Rohstoffe, Herstellungstechnologie und Verwendung eines Keramikgefäßes geben sollen. Am Beispiel jungsteinzeitlicher Keramikscherben sollen verschiedene Untersuchungsmethoden vorgestellt und die Ergebnisse diskutiert werden. Die Funde stammen aus Grabungen des Landesamtes für Archäologie Sachsen im Tagebau Zwenkau bei Leipzig im Bereich des aufgegebenen Dorfes Eythra. Die Scherben sind zei...
Die Bildungsreformen und Aussbildungstrukturen an Universitäten nicht nur in Deutschland seit den... more Die Bildungsreformen und Aussbildungstrukturen an Universitäten nicht nur in Deutschland seit den 90-er Jahren orientiert sich immer mehr an ökonomischen, zentralisierenden, scheinbar international kompatiblen und eher fungiblen Ansprüchen, die jedoch zunehmend stromlinienförmige, uniformierende und weniger differenzierende Qualitäten hervorbringt. Nur wenn die Hochschulen ihren Anpruch auf Freiheit von Lehre und Forschung gegen ökonomistische Gleichmacherei durchzusetzen bereit sind, wird die akademische Ausbildung kollektiv und individuell auch im Sinne einer gesellschaftlich kritischen Bringschuld eine Perspektive haben.
Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden grundlegende Betrachtungsweisen zum materiellen Kulturgut und zu l... more Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden grundlegende Betrachtungsweisen zum materiellen Kulturgut und zu logischen Konzepten ganzheitlicher archäologischer Wissenschaften vorgestellt. Diese Aspekte werden am Beispiel von provinzialrömischen Ostraka und schwarzfigurigen attischen Keramiken mittels archäomaterialwissenschaftlicher Studien konkretisiert, die zudem in zwei ausführlicheren Beiträgen in diesem Band dargelegt sind. In grundlegenden erkenntnistheoretischen Betrachtungen werden die für den Erkenntnisfortschritt notwendige Interdisziplinarität dargelegt und Strategien zur Überwindung der Trennung der Arbeitskulturen und Denkstrukturen von Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften und deren Methoden vermittelt. Dabei werden funktions- bzw. formalwissenschaftliche Aspekte der Abduktion und Retroduktion auf unterbrochene Faktensequenzen aus Prozessen angewandt, die sich in geologischen, historischen bzw. insbesondere bei der in den Fallbeispielen dargelegten Keramikherstellung kurzzeitigen Dimensi...
The study is focused on black glosses on ancient Greek pottery with special emphasis on mineralog... more The study is focused on black glosses on ancient Greek pottery with special emphasis on mineralogical and chemical composition, microstructure, phase stabilities and mineral phase reactions. The ceramic objects are dated to the Late Archaic and Classical periods in Greece (500-300 B.C). Comparative studies with different destructive and non-destructive investigation methods were performed by X-ray microdiffraction (μ-XRD2), reflection Mössbauer spectroscopy (MIMOS II), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Conclusions about the phase stabilities in the ceramics and the formation conditions of black pigments are drawn. The black gloss on Attic red-figure vase fragments was found to be composed of different stable or metastable Fe-oxides with spinel structure (maghemite, magnetite ?) and mixed crystals of hercynite, embedded in vitreous or partly crystalline matrices. The spinels occur as nanocrystalline platelets mainly oriented parallel to the surface. The results point out to...
Highlights In 5 Se 5 Br contains indium simultaneously in three different oxidation states. B... more Highlights In 5 Se 5 Br contains indium simultaneously in three different oxidation states. Bulk sample of In 5 Se 5 Br shows n-type conductivity. The Seebeck voltage increases linearly with the temperature difference increase. In bulk In 5 Se 5 Br the resistivity oscillates between 2.6 MΩ and 23 MΩ. DTA and HT-powder XRD data show incongruent melting of the compound.
Clinopyroxenes along the solid solution series hedenbergite (CaFeSi 2 O 6)-petedunnite (CaZnSi 2 ... more Clinopyroxenes along the solid solution series hedenbergite (CaFeSi 2 O 6)-petedunnite (CaZnSi 2 O 6) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and different oxygen fugacities at temperatures of 700 to 1200°C and pressures of 0.2 to 2.5 GPa. Properties were determined by means of X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis and 57 Fe Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy at 298 K. Unit-cell parameters display a linear dependency with changing composition. Parameters a 0 and b 0 exhibit a linear decrease with increasing Zn content while the monoclinic angle b increases linearly. Parameter c 0 is not affected by composition and remains constant at a value of 5.248 Å. The molar volume can be described according to the equation V mol (ccm mol)1) ¼ 33.963(16))0.544(31)*Zn pfu. The isomer shifts of ferrous iron on the octahedral M1 site in hedenbergite are not affected by composition along the hedenbergite-petedunnite solid solution series and remain constant at an average value of 1.18 mm s)1. Quadrupole splittings of Fe 2+ on the M1 are, however, strongly affected by composition, and they decrease linearly with increasing petedunnite component in hedenbergite, ranging from 2.25 mm s)1 for pure hedenbergite end member to 1.99 mm s)1 for a solid solution containing 84 mole% petedunnite. The halfwidths of intermediate solid solutions vary between 0.26 and 0.33 mm s)1 , indicating, in accordance with the microprobe analyses and X-ray diffraction, that samples are homogeneous and well-crystallized. The data from this study demonstrate that the crystallinity of hedenbergitic clinopyroxenes can be improved by using oxide mixtures as starting materials. Crystal sizes for intermediate compositions range up to 70 lm, suitable for standard single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Nanowires of an iodine containing Pb-Sb-sulfosalt have been synthesized by chemical vapor transpo... more Nanowires of an iodine containing Pb-Sb-sulfosalt have been synthesized by chemical vapor transport. Their structure was studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The lattice parameters show values equal to a=4.9801(4)nm, b=0.41132(8)nm (with two-fold superstructure), c=2.1989(1)nm and β=99.918(6){sup o}. These parameters and the results of a multislice simulation are in good agreement with the mineral pillaite, Cu{sub 0.10}Pb{sub 9.16}Sb{sub 9.84}S{sub 22.94}Cl{sub 1.06}O{sub 0.5} (space group C2/m, a=4.949(1)nm, b=0.41259(8)nm, c=2.1828(4)nm, and β=99.62(3){sup o}). Microprobe and EDX analyses yielded a chemical composition of Cu{sub 0.507(5)}Pb{sub 8.73(9)}Sb{sub 8.15(8)}I{sub 1.6}S{sub 20.0(2)} which is close to natural pillaite but contains no oxygen and iodine instead of chlorine. The structure of the investigated material is based on chains of M-S polyhedra (M=Pb or Sb) typical for the architecture of sulfosalts implying iodine atoms in trigonal prismatic coordination with Pb atoms from the M-S polyhedra of neighboring chains. The [010] superstructure of the specimen was found to be unstable under electron beam irradiation with a rapid decrease of the b lattice parameter from 0.8 to 0.4nm within 5min.
Cu 4 Bi 4 S 9-related sulphosalts prepared by chemical vapour transport with iodine as transport ... more Cu 4 Bi 4 S 9-related sulphosalts prepared by chemical vapour transport with iodine as transport agent showed nano-and microwire morphologies depending on the starting iodine content. Electron microprobe and transmission electron microscope (TEM) adopted energy dispersive X-ray analysis yielded the composition of Cu 3.36 Bi 3.94 I 0.1 S 8.7 as rod-like, bundle-assembled microcrystals in the samples prepared with high concentration of transporting agent. In contrast, by decreasing the concentration of I 2 in the synthesis, wires of Cu 3.96 Bi 4.04 I 0.02 S 8.8 composition close to the stoichiometric Cu 4 Bi 4 S 9 have been grown. Scanning electron microscope and TEM observations revealed that the wires have diameters ranging from 900 to 1500 nm, and lengths up to 10 mm, with occasional formation of nanowires that are on average ca. 10 nm in diameter and 100 nm long. Using X-ray powder diffraction data, the cell parameters of this material were determined with average values of a ¼ 3.1528(2) nm, b ¼ 1.1622(1) nm, c ¼ 0.3949(2) nm. High-resolution TEM studies confirmed defect free structure of Cu 3.96 Bi 4.04 I 0.02 S 8.8 nanowires. The wire elongation appeared to be identical with direction parallel to the crystallographic c-axis in Cu 4 Bi 4 S 9 .
ABSTRACT A high-temperature Guinier camera for closed and open systems used for temperatures up t... more ABSTRACT A high-temperature Guinier camera for closed and open systems used for temperatures up to 1170 K is described. As an exemplary application the decay of Co1 −xS (jaipurite) to Co3S4 (linnaeite) and Co9S8 (Co-pentlandite) at 663 and 723 K under its own vapour pressure is presented.
Ternary and quaternary chemical composition ranges of the phases NiSi 2 , FeSi 2 , Cu 3 Si, NiSi ... more Ternary and quaternary chemical composition ranges of the phases NiSi 2 , FeSi 2 , Cu 3 Si, NiSi and FeSi were determined using electron-microprobe-measurements. The system NiSi 2-Cu 3 Si was found to be eutectic and most probably quasi-binary. Furthermore lattice constants of NiSi 2 and Ni 0.62 Fe 0.41 Si 1.98 were determined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Um sich der Universität mit dem Begriff der Heimat zu nähern, ist der Geist, der dahin weht, wohi... more Um sich der Universität mit dem Begriff der Heimat zu nähern, ist der Geist, der dahin weht, wohin er will, mit dem Begriff der Verortung des ihn Produzierenden zu flankieren
Ž. Ž. Thin films of the chalcopyrite compound CuGa In Te 0 F X F 1 have been prepared by pulsed l... more Ž. Ž. Thin films of the chalcopyrite compound CuGa In Te 0 F X F 1 have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition PLD of X 1yX 2 X 1yX 2 had optical absorption coefficients of order 10 4 cm y1 and the energy gaps observed in these films increased from 0.96 to 1.32 eV with increasing Ga content.
At present, the Institute is a leader in the field of the solid state and material science in Bel... more At present, the Institute is a leader in the field of the solid state and material science in Belarus. the field of single crystals, thin films, amorphous and microcrystalline materials, composites, powders and methods for their compaction and radiation effects on solids. JISSSP staff: about 164 research fellows, among them 1 academician, 2 Corresponding Members of Belarus Academy of Sciences, 13 Full-Doctors of Science and 83 PhDs working in 14 laboratories and 3 manufacturing enterprises.
Cilj časopisa je prezentacija i diskusija rezultata koji su neposredno vezani za teorijske, inžen... more Cilj časopisa je prezentacija i diskusija rezultata koji su neposredno vezani za teorijske, inženjerske i menadžerske aspekte, kako u hemijskoj i procesnoj industriji, prehrambenoj industriji, tako i u metalurgiji, građevinarstvu i industriji, kao i tema iz oblasti zaštite životne sredine. Ovom prilikom pozivamo autore sa univerziteta, istraživačkih centara i industrije da uzmu učešće u narednim brojevima ovog časopisa.
ABSTRACT Im Besitz der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig befinden sich 1575 Ostraka aus Ägypten, von... more ABSTRACT Im Besitz der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig befinden sich 1575 Ostraka aus Ägypten, von denen 12, in griechischer Sprache verfasst, und aufgrund der Namensnennungen und Textinhalte ein so genanntes Archiv des Gerontios bilden. Das Besondere an diesem Ostraka-Archiv ist ein möglicher Zusammenhang mit dem Papyrus-Archiv des Flavius Abinnaeus, der von 342 bis 351 n. Chr. Reiterpräfekt und Kommandeur der Festung in Dionysias (Fayyum) war. Da in den kurzen Texten konkrete geographische und zeitliche Angaben fehlen, beruht die geographische Zuweisung in den Arsinoitischen Gau in die Zeit der ersten Hälfte des 4. nachchristlichen Jahrhunderts allein auf den Ergebnissen einer paläographischen und textkritischen Analyse. Um weitere Anhaltspunkte für die Überprüfung des Zusammenhangs zwischen den beiden genannten Archiven zu bekommen, werden mit Hilfe zerstörungsfreier Untersuchungsmethoden an den zwölf Scherben und den Tinten materialspezifische Charakteristika ermittelt und mit denen von arsinoitischer Keramik aus dem 4. nachchristlichen Jahrhundert verglichen. Im Falle einer Übereinstimmung wesentlicher Merkmale tragen die Ergebnisse der naturwissenschaftlichen Materialanalysen dazu bei, eine auf paläographische Beweisführung fußende Hypothese abzusichern. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die Untersuchungsmethoden vor und diskutiert deren Aussagekraft anhand erster Ergebnisse.
Cu0.507(5)Pb8.73(9)Sb8.15(8)I1.6S20.00(2) nanowires grown by CVT and analysed by HRTEM, microprob... more Cu0.507(5)Pb8.73(9)Sb8.15(8)I1.6S20.00(2) nanowires grown by CVT and analysed by HRTEM, microprobe, and XRD show a=4.9801(4) nm, b=2*0.41132(8)nm (2-fold superstructure), c=2.1989(1) nm and ß=99.918° within the S.G. C2/m comparable with the pillaite structure (Cu0.10Pb9.16Sb9.84S22.4Cl0.1.06O0.5) but containing iodine instead of oxygen and chlorine. The phase transforms under e-beam from the superstructure with b ~ 0.8 nm to b ~ 0.4 nm within 5 min.
Aufgrund der silikatischen Zusammensetzung gehören Keramikscherben zu den verwitterungs-resistent... more Aufgrund der silikatischen Zusammensetzung gehören Keramikscherben zu den verwitterungs-resistenten und daher am häufigsten vorkommenden Hinterlassenschaften vergangener Zeiten. Material, Herstellung, Form und Verzierung der Scherben erlauben eine Differenzierung und Zuordnung zu bestimmten Kulturen. Unter diesen Gesichtspunkten betrachtet sind auch un-scheinbarste Bruchstücke von keramischen Objekten ein technik- und kunstgeschichtliches Dokument. Im Vordergrund der nachfolgenden Betrachtungen stehen materialwissenschaftli-che Untersuchungsmethoden an Keramiken, deren Ergebnisse Auskunft über die Rohstoffe, Herstellungstechnologie und Verwendung eines Keramikgefäßes geben sollen. Am Beispiel jungsteinzeitlicher Keramikscherben sollen verschiedene Untersuchungsmethoden vorgestellt und die Ergebnisse diskutiert werden. Die Funde stammen aus Grabungen des Landesamtes für Archäologie Sachsen im Tagebau Zwenkau bei Leipzig im Bereich des aufgegebenen Dorfes Eythra. Die Scherben sind zei...
Die Bildungsreformen und Aussbildungstrukturen an Universitäten nicht nur in Deutschland seit den... more Die Bildungsreformen und Aussbildungstrukturen an Universitäten nicht nur in Deutschland seit den 90-er Jahren orientiert sich immer mehr an ökonomischen, zentralisierenden, scheinbar international kompatiblen und eher fungiblen Ansprüchen, die jedoch zunehmend stromlinienförmige, uniformierende und weniger differenzierende Qualitäten hervorbringt. Nur wenn die Hochschulen ihren Anpruch auf Freiheit von Lehre und Forschung gegen ökonomistische Gleichmacherei durchzusetzen bereit sind, wird die akademische Ausbildung kollektiv und individuell auch im Sinne einer gesellschaftlich kritischen Bringschuld eine Perspektive haben.
Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden grundlegende Betrachtungsweisen zum materiellen Kulturgut und zu l... more Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden grundlegende Betrachtungsweisen zum materiellen Kulturgut und zu logischen Konzepten ganzheitlicher archäologischer Wissenschaften vorgestellt. Diese Aspekte werden am Beispiel von provinzialrömischen Ostraka und schwarzfigurigen attischen Keramiken mittels archäomaterialwissenschaftlicher Studien konkretisiert, die zudem in zwei ausführlicheren Beiträgen in diesem Band dargelegt sind. In grundlegenden erkenntnistheoretischen Betrachtungen werden die für den Erkenntnisfortschritt notwendige Interdisziplinarität dargelegt und Strategien zur Überwindung der Trennung der Arbeitskulturen und Denkstrukturen von Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften und deren Methoden vermittelt. Dabei werden funktions- bzw. formalwissenschaftliche Aspekte der Abduktion und Retroduktion auf unterbrochene Faktensequenzen aus Prozessen angewandt, die sich in geologischen, historischen bzw. insbesondere bei der in den Fallbeispielen dargelegten Keramikherstellung kurzzeitigen Dimensi...
The study is focused on black glosses on ancient Greek pottery with special emphasis on mineralog... more The study is focused on black glosses on ancient Greek pottery with special emphasis on mineralogical and chemical composition, microstructure, phase stabilities and mineral phase reactions. The ceramic objects are dated to the Late Archaic and Classical periods in Greece (500-300 B.C). Comparative studies with different destructive and non-destructive investigation methods were performed by X-ray microdiffraction (μ-XRD2), reflection Mössbauer spectroscopy (MIMOS II), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Conclusions about the phase stabilities in the ceramics and the formation conditions of black pigments are drawn. The black gloss on Attic red-figure vase fragments was found to be composed of different stable or metastable Fe-oxides with spinel structure (maghemite, magnetite ?) and mixed crystals of hercynite, embedded in vitreous or partly crystalline matrices. The spinels occur as nanocrystalline platelets mainly oriented parallel to the surface. The results point out to...
Highlights In 5 Se 5 Br contains indium simultaneously in three different oxidation states. B... more Highlights In 5 Se 5 Br contains indium simultaneously in three different oxidation states. Bulk sample of In 5 Se 5 Br shows n-type conductivity. The Seebeck voltage increases linearly with the temperature difference increase. In bulk In 5 Se 5 Br the resistivity oscillates between 2.6 MΩ and 23 MΩ. DTA and HT-powder XRD data show incongruent melting of the compound.
Clinopyroxenes along the solid solution series hedenbergite (CaFeSi 2 O 6)-petedunnite (CaZnSi 2 ... more Clinopyroxenes along the solid solution series hedenbergite (CaFeSi 2 O 6)-petedunnite (CaZnSi 2 O 6) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and different oxygen fugacities at temperatures of 700 to 1200°C and pressures of 0.2 to 2.5 GPa. Properties were determined by means of X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis and 57 Fe Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy at 298 K. Unit-cell parameters display a linear dependency with changing composition. Parameters a 0 and b 0 exhibit a linear decrease with increasing Zn content while the monoclinic angle b increases linearly. Parameter c 0 is not affected by composition and remains constant at a value of 5.248 Å. The molar volume can be described according to the equation V mol (ccm mol)1) ¼ 33.963(16))0.544(31)*Zn pfu. The isomer shifts of ferrous iron on the octahedral M1 site in hedenbergite are not affected by composition along the hedenbergite-petedunnite solid solution series and remain constant at an average value of 1.18 mm s)1. Quadrupole splittings of Fe 2+ on the M1 are, however, strongly affected by composition, and they decrease linearly with increasing petedunnite component in hedenbergite, ranging from 2.25 mm s)1 for pure hedenbergite end member to 1.99 mm s)1 for a solid solution containing 84 mole% petedunnite. The halfwidths of intermediate solid solutions vary between 0.26 and 0.33 mm s)1 , indicating, in accordance with the microprobe analyses and X-ray diffraction, that samples are homogeneous and well-crystallized. The data from this study demonstrate that the crystallinity of hedenbergitic clinopyroxenes can be improved by using oxide mixtures as starting materials. Crystal sizes for intermediate compositions range up to 70 lm, suitable for standard single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Nanowires of an iodine containing Pb-Sb-sulfosalt have been synthesized by chemical vapor transpo... more Nanowires of an iodine containing Pb-Sb-sulfosalt have been synthesized by chemical vapor transport. Their structure was studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The lattice parameters show values equal to a=4.9801(4)nm, b=0.41132(8)nm (with two-fold superstructure), c=2.1989(1)nm and β=99.918(6){sup o}. These parameters and the results of a multislice simulation are in good agreement with the mineral pillaite, Cu{sub 0.10}Pb{sub 9.16}Sb{sub 9.84}S{sub 22.94}Cl{sub 1.06}O{sub 0.5} (space group C2/m, a=4.949(1)nm, b=0.41259(8)nm, c=2.1828(4)nm, and β=99.62(3){sup o}). Microprobe and EDX analyses yielded a chemical composition of Cu{sub 0.507(5)}Pb{sub 8.73(9)}Sb{sub 8.15(8)}I{sub 1.6}S{sub 20.0(2)} which is close to natural pillaite but contains no oxygen and iodine instead of chlorine. The structure of the investigated material is based on chains of M-S polyhedra (M=Pb or Sb) typical for the architecture of sulfosalts implying iodine atoms in trigonal prismatic coordination with Pb atoms from the M-S polyhedra of neighboring chains. The [010] superstructure of the specimen was found to be unstable under electron beam irradiation with a rapid decrease of the b lattice parameter from 0.8 to 0.4nm within 5min.
Cu 4 Bi 4 S 9-related sulphosalts prepared by chemical vapour transport with iodine as transport ... more Cu 4 Bi 4 S 9-related sulphosalts prepared by chemical vapour transport with iodine as transport agent showed nano-and microwire morphologies depending on the starting iodine content. Electron microprobe and transmission electron microscope (TEM) adopted energy dispersive X-ray analysis yielded the composition of Cu 3.36 Bi 3.94 I 0.1 S 8.7 as rod-like, bundle-assembled microcrystals in the samples prepared with high concentration of transporting agent. In contrast, by decreasing the concentration of I 2 in the synthesis, wires of Cu 3.96 Bi 4.04 I 0.02 S 8.8 composition close to the stoichiometric Cu 4 Bi 4 S 9 have been grown. Scanning electron microscope and TEM observations revealed that the wires have diameters ranging from 900 to 1500 nm, and lengths up to 10 mm, with occasional formation of nanowires that are on average ca. 10 nm in diameter and 100 nm long. Using X-ray powder diffraction data, the cell parameters of this material were determined with average values of a ¼ 3.1528(2) nm, b ¼ 1.1622(1) nm, c ¼ 0.3949(2) nm. High-resolution TEM studies confirmed defect free structure of Cu 3.96 Bi 4.04 I 0.02 S 8.8 nanowires. The wire elongation appeared to be identical with direction parallel to the crystallographic c-axis in Cu 4 Bi 4 S 9 .
ABSTRACT A high-temperature Guinier camera for closed and open systems used for temperatures up t... more ABSTRACT A high-temperature Guinier camera for closed and open systems used for temperatures up to 1170 K is described. As an exemplary application the decay of Co1 −xS (jaipurite) to Co3S4 (linnaeite) and Co9S8 (Co-pentlandite) at 663 and 723 K under its own vapour pressure is presented.
Ternary and quaternary chemical composition ranges of the phases NiSi 2 , FeSi 2 , Cu 3 Si, NiSi ... more Ternary and quaternary chemical composition ranges of the phases NiSi 2 , FeSi 2 , Cu 3 Si, NiSi and FeSi were determined using electron-microprobe-measurements. The system NiSi 2-Cu 3 Si was found to be eutectic and most probably quasi-binary. Furthermore lattice constants of NiSi 2 and Ni 0.62 Fe 0.41 Si 1.98 were determined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Um sich der Universität mit dem Begriff der Heimat zu nähern, ist der Geist, der dahin weht, wohi... more Um sich der Universität mit dem Begriff der Heimat zu nähern, ist der Geist, der dahin weht, wohin er will, mit dem Begriff der Verortung des ihn Produzierenden zu flankieren
Ž. Ž. Thin films of the chalcopyrite compound CuGa In Te 0 F X F 1 have been prepared by pulsed l... more Ž. Ž. Thin films of the chalcopyrite compound CuGa In Te 0 F X F 1 have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition PLD of X 1yX 2 X 1yX 2 had optical absorption coefficients of order 10 4 cm y1 and the energy gaps observed in these films increased from 0.96 to 1.32 eV with increasing Ga content.
At present, the Institute is a leader in the field of the solid state and material science in Bel... more At present, the Institute is a leader in the field of the solid state and material science in Belarus. the field of single crystals, thin films, amorphous and microcrystalline materials, composites, powders and methods for their compaction and radiation effects on solids. JISSSP staff: about 164 research fellows, among them 1 academician, 2 Corresponding Members of Belarus Academy of Sciences, 13 Full-Doctors of Science and 83 PhDs working in 14 laboratories and 3 manufacturing enterprises.
Archäologische Berichte aus Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 2017
A coral bead chain from the Hanseatic City Greifswald (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany) from arou... more A coral bead chain from the Hanseatic City Greifswald (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany) from around 1300 was archaeometrically examined by non-destructive or minimally invasive methods. Thereby, this artefact was established as a genuine red coral from the Mediterranean Sea, and therefore corresponding trade routes towards central Europe can be suggested. For Corallium rubrum typical high magnesium
contents were determined by μ-X-ray diffraction and polyenes as red dyes were detected by μ-Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the characteristic dense volume structure of Corallium rubrum were imaged by high-resolution μ-X-ray computed tomography. Strontium and boron isotopies were determined by mass spectrometry
being evident for a recent formation under marine conditions. These data are compared with coral artefacts from other Hanseatic cities proving their economic and cultural interdependencies. Related materials e.g. of Iron Age fibulae beads and from ethnographic objects from Africa, were additionally characterized for to differentiate red Corallium rubrum from anthropogenetic whitened or orginal white Corallium rubrum, neomorphic calcites from aragonite, as well as from chemical sedimentary calcites.
Beiträge zur Internationalen Tagung der AG Eisenzeit und des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien,Prähistorische Abteilung –Hallstatt 2009, 2009
Between 1904 and 1912 an Iron Age necropo-lis was discovered and excavated near Hänichen(Leipzig/... more Between 1904 and 1912 an Iron Age necropo-lis was discovered and excavated near Hänichen(Leipzig/Germany). Among the finds two bead-de-corated brooches were recovered. This group of brooches, called “Mitteldeutsche Korallenfi-beln”, dates to the younger Iron Age (Latène C/D)and is mainly distributed in the middle Elbe-Saaleregion. For the first time, archaeometrical studies of one of the Hänichen-brooches gave the opportuni-ty to examine its state of preservation, structureand the materials used for its manufacture. 3D ì -X-ray computed tomography (3D- ì CT) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. The studiesrevealed, that the pearls of the fibula from Häni-chen consist of different materials with the follo-wing characteristics: hollow bodies, pearls with small pores without cracks but with metallic parti-cles, one medium pearl with small pores but wit-hout cracks and one big less dense biomineral pearl showing cracks and relicts of bioorganic skeletons.The obviously biogene pearls may be sugge- sted to be fossils deriving possibly from triatic se-diments in south Germany and not necessarily co-rals. Systematical studies on comparable fibulaare going to be carried out for to clarify the pro-venience of the materials.
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Papers by Klaus Bente
contents were determined by μ-X-ray diffraction and polyenes as red dyes were detected by μ-Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the characteristic dense volume structure of Corallium rubrum were imaged by high-resolution μ-X-ray computed tomography. Strontium and boron isotopies were determined by mass spectrometry
being evident for a recent formation under marine conditions. These data are compared with coral artefacts from other Hanseatic cities proving their economic and cultural interdependencies. Related materials e.g. of Iron Age fibulae beads and from ethnographic objects from Africa, were additionally characterized for to differentiate red Corallium rubrum from anthropogenetic whitened or orginal white Corallium rubrum, neomorphic calcites from aragonite, as well as from chemical sedimentary calcites.
ì
-X-ray computed tomography (3D-
ì
CT) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. The studiesrevealed, that the pearls of the fibula from Häni-chen consist of different materials with the follo-wing characteristics: hollow bodies, pearls with small pores without cracks but with metallic parti-cles, one medium pearl with small pores but wit-hout cracks and one big less dense biomineral pearl showing cracks and relicts of bioorganic skeletons.The obviously biogene pearls may be sugge- sted to be fossils deriving possibly from triatic se-diments in south Germany and not necessarily co-rals. Systematical studies on comparable fibulaare going to be carried out for to clarify the pro-venience of the materials.