Majlinda Bregasi
Majlinda Bregasi is Professor Assistant at the University of Pristina. Her area of interest is interaction analysis, discourse analysis and intercultural communication. Some of her previous papers are:
2017- Images and engagement strategies in the leader discourse in dictatorship - Discourse Analysis of Enver Hoxha spechees during 1967, Le Pleiadi, Rome.
2016 - The syntax of a turn in conversation - turn constituent elements, Le Pleiadi, Rome.
2016 - Adverbial Stance Marking in Conversation, The International Seminar on Albanian Language, Literature and Culture, Università degli studi di Pristina.
- Dialogues in Ismail Kadare novel, 2016, Kadare leximi dhe Interpretimi, Toena.
2015 - “Beyond the public debates - conversation analysis”, Kolegji Dardania, Kosovo.
- Sequential Organization, Adjacency Pairs in a TV interview, 2014, Res Ablanicae, Università della Calabria.
- Turn – Taking in Conversation, 2014, Filologjia, Università degli studi di Pristina, Kosovo.
- Political Discourse Analysis, 2014, Jeta e re, Pristina.
- Conversation Analysis Theory, 2013, Filologjia, Universtià di Pristina, Kosovo.
- Conversation in public television, 2012, The International Seminar on Albanian Language, Literature and Culture, Università degli studi di Pristina.
- Bad Language - Language Policy, 2010, The International Seminar on Albanian Language, Literature and Culture, Università degli studi di Pristina.
- Linguistic Minorities in Kosovo, 2008, The International Seminar on Albanian Language, Literature and Culture, Università degli studi di Pristina.
- Albanian in Sacred Texts, 2007, The International Seminar on Albanian Language, Literature and Culture, Università degli studi di Pristina
2017- Images and engagement strategies in the leader discourse in dictatorship - Discourse Analysis of Enver Hoxha spechees during 1967, Le Pleiadi, Rome.
2016 - The syntax of a turn in conversation - turn constituent elements, Le Pleiadi, Rome.
2016 - Adverbial Stance Marking in Conversation, The International Seminar on Albanian Language, Literature and Culture, Università degli studi di Pristina.
- Dialogues in Ismail Kadare novel, 2016, Kadare leximi dhe Interpretimi, Toena.
2015 - “Beyond the public debates - conversation analysis”, Kolegji Dardania, Kosovo.
- Sequential Organization, Adjacency Pairs in a TV interview, 2014, Res Ablanicae, Università della Calabria.
- Turn – Taking in Conversation, 2014, Filologjia, Università degli studi di Pristina, Kosovo.
- Political Discourse Analysis, 2014, Jeta e re, Pristina.
- Conversation Analysis Theory, 2013, Filologjia, Universtià di Pristina, Kosovo.
- Conversation in public television, 2012, The International Seminar on Albanian Language, Literature and Culture, Università degli studi di Pristina.
- Bad Language - Language Policy, 2010, The International Seminar on Albanian Language, Literature and Culture, Università degli studi di Pristina.
- Linguistic Minorities in Kosovo, 2008, The International Seminar on Albanian Language, Literature and Culture, Università degli studi di Pristina.
- Albanian in Sacred Texts, 2007, The International Seminar on Albanian Language, Literature and Culture, Università degli studi di Pristina
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Papers by Majlinda Bregasi
The spoken genre is characterised by fragmentation and involvement, whereas the written genre is characterised by integration and detachment. Examing the dialogues in Kadare’s novel is clear that the author combined the ivolvement with the integration in building scenes and triggering emotions. He uses the familiar strategies, like the repair and the repetition, in creating coherence and involvement, which are the goal in creating meaning.
The Albanian language is considered one of the fundamental elements of Albanian identity. It was the foundation for the rise of the national awareness process during Renaissance. But the situation of Albanian language nowadays in Italy among the second-generation immigrants shows us a fragile identity.
Come si manifesta questa identità binaria in Santori? Possiamo vedere il bilinguismo come un ostacolo per lo scrittore oppure come un'oppotrunità per arrivare alla conciliazione fra le lingue? Avere due punti di vista sul mondo è un grande arricchimento per lo scrittore (Ferré, 2003) che porta risultati enormi nella sua produzione: ci possiamno chiedere se Santori rappresenta un caso emblematico di questa interazione, un esempio eccellente per dimostrare questo.
My focus in this article is the syntax of turns in conversation. There are remarkable points of connection between the organization of turn construction units (TCU) in conversation and the syntax of a clause. Turn organization is interactionally sensitive to the topological syntactic description of the Albanian clausal structure.
Specific parts of grammatical structure can be used by speakers to accomplish specific actions in a turn-taking system. Parts of speech can be used by speakers as turn entries, to connect elements within a single TCU, to connect turns with each other, or to prompt a speaker to provide a sequential contribution. This article is a contribution from the interactional linguistics points of view to an understanding of syntactic structures in conversation.
The analysis is based on the transcripts of television debates that I have published in 2015.
Drafts by Majlinda Bregasi
There are remarkable points of connection between the organization of turn construction units in conversation and the syntax of a clause. Turn organization is interactionally sensitive to the topological syntactic description of the Albanian clausal structure.
Specific parts of grammatical structure can be used by speakers to accomplish specific actions in a turn-taking system. Parts of speech can be used by speakers as turn entries, to connect elements within a single TCU, to connect turns with each other, or to prompt a speaker to provide a sequential contribution.
Sacks et al. (1974) suggested a three-part structure of turns including “one which addresses the relation of a turn to a prior, one involved with what is occupying the turn, and one which addresses the relation of the turn to a succeeding one.” This brings us to a core structure of a TCU with recognizable starting and closing elements.
Starting from the assumption by Sacks et al. that “turn taking depends on subtle features of the utterance enabling a speaker to project the end of a prior turn,” I analysed the relationship between syntactic completion and speaker validated turn units. Since this is the major linguistic resource, which has to be deployed and monitored in achieving turn transfer, I have examined the features that contribute to defining the relevant transition points based on the CA literature.
Grammatical rules provide construction and recognition-guides on the possible completion points of TCUs. I think that the set of features analysed until now from the conversationalists must include not only syntactic, intonational, and pragmatical clues but also the gesticulation. These factors converge in a very complex way for projection in advance of the possible transition points. A more profound level of analysis needs more linguistic investigation to see how these clues interplay to embody this projectability.
Sacks et al. (1974) has classified conversation as ‘one polar extreme’ on the linear array, and ceremony, meetings, press conferences, seminars, interviews, debates, etc. as possibly the other pole, but this should not be understood as proposing the independent or equal status of conversation and ceremony as polar types. This was based ‘on a range of other turn-taking parameters, and in the organization by which they achieve the set of parameter values whose presence they organize’ (Sacks et al., 1974:729).
They generally were based on the allocational techniques that speakers use in these types of conversation, taking into account that the ordering of all turns is pre-allocated during television debates. For this reason, I have examined live television debates (without post editing) to identify similarities and differences compared to common everyday conversations. Analysing high visibility debates between participants with strongly opposed viewpoints, the role of a journalist sometimes becomes weakened. The participants take the role of allocating their turns. They interact with each other without waiting for the journalist to prompt them and, in these cases; we do not have equalization of turns. It becomes evident then the maximization of the size of the set of potential speakers to each next turn. This feature of television debates makes them similar to common conversations.
While television debates are designed to facilitate the equalization of turns by specifying the sequence of speakers, this does not always actually happen. More conflict they have to deal with, more maximization of the size of the set of potential speaker to each turn happens. In this sense, we should see the linear array described by Sacks et al. as having two extreme poles. Television debates do not have a fixed position and may migrate on the array due to multiple factors (such as involvement in conversation.) Conflict, strong opposition, and minimization of the journalist role in allocating turns may influence speakers to use different involvement strategies in television debates that make their positions on the array undefined.
Books by Majlinda Bregasi
Rimerret qasja e analizës konversacionale dhe modeli specifik i radhëve në bisedë, ‘model for the turn-taking organisation for conversation’, i propozuar nga Sacks, Schegloff dhe Jefferson në studimin e 1974, për të diskutuar brenda një numri të gjerë referimesh teorike. Bregasi zhvillon më tej idenë e Schegloff-it që thotë: forma parësore ku manifestohet gjuha është realizimi i thënieve të ndërlidhura midis tyre në mënyra të ndryshme për qëllime të ndryshme të folësve, bashkëbisedimi - pra këmbimi i aktiviteteve gjuhësore në situata të përditshme, shpesh të zhvilluara në kontakt pamor me bashkëfolësin. Biseda është mjedisi natyral (Schegloff, 1996) që shfaq gjithë gamën e strukturave gjuhësore të një gjuhe.
Dolore, rabbia e odio, che sfociano nel dubbio dell’esistenza di un Dio che permette tutto questo. Speranza, sacrificio e gloria, che si manifestano in una missione per la salvezza delle radici, della cultura e della libertà umana. Ecco ciò di cui sono testimoni gli occhi del frate di nome Uk ‘lupo’. Il frate più giovane, portato nel convento dal padre per scampare alla fame, sopravvive una seconda volta, per diventare un punto di riferimento per la gente nella sfida alla furia devastatrice dell’occupazione.
Gli archetipi della storia, amalgamati con la fiction, ricostruiscono un’esistenza nella quale, tra verosimiglianza storica e fantasia romanzata, alla fine comunque trionfa la vita, libera da ogni barriera che ieri come oggi tenta di sopprimere l’identità dell’altro.
The spoken genre is characterised by fragmentation and involvement, whereas the written genre is characterised by integration and detachment. Examing the dialogues in Kadare’s novel is clear that the author combined the ivolvement with the integration in building scenes and triggering emotions. He uses the familiar strategies, like the repair and the repetition, in creating coherence and involvement, which are the goal in creating meaning.
The Albanian language is considered one of the fundamental elements of Albanian identity. It was the foundation for the rise of the national awareness process during Renaissance. But the situation of Albanian language nowadays in Italy among the second-generation immigrants shows us a fragile identity.
Come si manifesta questa identità binaria in Santori? Possiamo vedere il bilinguismo come un ostacolo per lo scrittore oppure come un'oppotrunità per arrivare alla conciliazione fra le lingue? Avere due punti di vista sul mondo è un grande arricchimento per lo scrittore (Ferré, 2003) che porta risultati enormi nella sua produzione: ci possiamno chiedere se Santori rappresenta un caso emblematico di questa interazione, un esempio eccellente per dimostrare questo.
My focus in this article is the syntax of turns in conversation. There are remarkable points of connection between the organization of turn construction units (TCU) in conversation and the syntax of a clause. Turn organization is interactionally sensitive to the topological syntactic description of the Albanian clausal structure.
Specific parts of grammatical structure can be used by speakers to accomplish specific actions in a turn-taking system. Parts of speech can be used by speakers as turn entries, to connect elements within a single TCU, to connect turns with each other, or to prompt a speaker to provide a sequential contribution. This article is a contribution from the interactional linguistics points of view to an understanding of syntactic structures in conversation.
The analysis is based on the transcripts of television debates that I have published in 2015.
There are remarkable points of connection between the organization of turn construction units in conversation and the syntax of a clause. Turn organization is interactionally sensitive to the topological syntactic description of the Albanian clausal structure.
Specific parts of grammatical structure can be used by speakers to accomplish specific actions in a turn-taking system. Parts of speech can be used by speakers as turn entries, to connect elements within a single TCU, to connect turns with each other, or to prompt a speaker to provide a sequential contribution.
Sacks et al. (1974) suggested a three-part structure of turns including “one which addresses the relation of a turn to a prior, one involved with what is occupying the turn, and one which addresses the relation of the turn to a succeeding one.” This brings us to a core structure of a TCU with recognizable starting and closing elements.
Starting from the assumption by Sacks et al. that “turn taking depends on subtle features of the utterance enabling a speaker to project the end of a prior turn,” I analysed the relationship between syntactic completion and speaker validated turn units. Since this is the major linguistic resource, which has to be deployed and monitored in achieving turn transfer, I have examined the features that contribute to defining the relevant transition points based on the CA literature.
Grammatical rules provide construction and recognition-guides on the possible completion points of TCUs. I think that the set of features analysed until now from the conversationalists must include not only syntactic, intonational, and pragmatical clues but also the gesticulation. These factors converge in a very complex way for projection in advance of the possible transition points. A more profound level of analysis needs more linguistic investigation to see how these clues interplay to embody this projectability.
Sacks et al. (1974) has classified conversation as ‘one polar extreme’ on the linear array, and ceremony, meetings, press conferences, seminars, interviews, debates, etc. as possibly the other pole, but this should not be understood as proposing the independent or equal status of conversation and ceremony as polar types. This was based ‘on a range of other turn-taking parameters, and in the organization by which they achieve the set of parameter values whose presence they organize’ (Sacks et al., 1974:729).
They generally were based on the allocational techniques that speakers use in these types of conversation, taking into account that the ordering of all turns is pre-allocated during television debates. For this reason, I have examined live television debates (without post editing) to identify similarities and differences compared to common everyday conversations. Analysing high visibility debates between participants with strongly opposed viewpoints, the role of a journalist sometimes becomes weakened. The participants take the role of allocating their turns. They interact with each other without waiting for the journalist to prompt them and, in these cases; we do not have equalization of turns. It becomes evident then the maximization of the size of the set of potential speakers to each next turn. This feature of television debates makes them similar to common conversations.
While television debates are designed to facilitate the equalization of turns by specifying the sequence of speakers, this does not always actually happen. More conflict they have to deal with, more maximization of the size of the set of potential speaker to each turn happens. In this sense, we should see the linear array described by Sacks et al. as having two extreme poles. Television debates do not have a fixed position and may migrate on the array due to multiple factors (such as involvement in conversation.) Conflict, strong opposition, and minimization of the journalist role in allocating turns may influence speakers to use different involvement strategies in television debates that make their positions on the array undefined.
Rimerret qasja e analizës konversacionale dhe modeli specifik i radhëve në bisedë, ‘model for the turn-taking organisation for conversation’, i propozuar nga Sacks, Schegloff dhe Jefferson në studimin e 1974, për të diskutuar brenda një numri të gjerë referimesh teorike. Bregasi zhvillon më tej idenë e Schegloff-it që thotë: forma parësore ku manifestohet gjuha është realizimi i thënieve të ndërlidhura midis tyre në mënyra të ndryshme për qëllime të ndryshme të folësve, bashkëbisedimi - pra këmbimi i aktiviteteve gjuhësore në situata të përditshme, shpesh të zhvilluara në kontakt pamor me bashkëfolësin. Biseda është mjedisi natyral (Schegloff, 1996) që shfaq gjithë gamën e strukturave gjuhësore të një gjuhe.
Dolore, rabbia e odio, che sfociano nel dubbio dell’esistenza di un Dio che permette tutto questo. Speranza, sacrificio e gloria, che si manifestano in una missione per la salvezza delle radici, della cultura e della libertà umana. Ecco ciò di cui sono testimoni gli occhi del frate di nome Uk ‘lupo’. Il frate più giovane, portato nel convento dal padre per scampare alla fame, sopravvive una seconda volta, per diventare un punto di riferimento per la gente nella sfida alla furia devastatrice dell’occupazione.
Gli archetipi della storia, amalgamati con la fiction, ricostruiscono un’esistenza nella quale, tra verosimiglianza storica e fantasia romanzata, alla fine comunque trionfa la vita, libera da ogni barriera che ieri come oggi tenta di sopprimere l’identità dell’altro.